scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Areca Nut Fruit on Selected Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neda Jam ◽  
Reza Hajimohammadi ◽  
Parvin Gharbani ◽  
Ali Mehrizad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc

Today, the tendency to use of natural preservatives to increase food security has expanded. In the present study, antibacterial effects of Areca Nut fruit extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. Methanol, ethanol, and water were used as solvents for extraction by maceration method, and extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results revealed that all ATCC strains were significantly inhibited by ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Escherichia coli produced a significantly larger zone of inhibition for Gentamicin ( 35 ± 0.65   mm ) and Penicillin ( 25   mm ± 0.56 ), while Enterobacter aerogenes produced smaller zone of inhibition for Gentamicin (20 ± 0.87 mm) and Penicillin ( 15 ± 0.87   mm ). Also, methanolic extract had considerable antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. All of extracts were used to evaluate antibacterial effects in prepared cake, and as a result, all pathogenies were the most sensitive by methanolic extract in 100 mg/L of concentration except Escherichia coli that were more sensitive by ethanolic extract. In conclusion, the Areca Nut fruit extracts may be used as a natural preservative in food industries. Future studies should focus on the effect of Areca Nut fruit extracts in bakery and drinking industries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Areca catechu against Some Opportunistic Oral Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Asma’a A. Faden
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Areca Catechu

The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Areca catechu seeds (known as areca nut: a component of a betel quid, where their chewing habitis a popular cultural tradition in some South East Asian countries used as an oral cleanser) have shown some antimicrobial potentials against some oral bacteria which are capable of causing opportunistic infections in the mouth. The objective of this study is to detect the antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Areca catechu against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Manystudies showed different antibacterial activity, depending on the Areca catechu extracts method, concentration, and the bacterium under test. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were added to growth medium of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activities of the attained fractions were assessed using agar-well diffusion test. In this study we have observed that the Methanolic extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus, while aqueous extract was ineffective. In conclusion the methanolic extract of the Areca catechu seeds “areca nut” can be a potential source for developing antibacterial agent against E. coli and S. aureus which are commonly found on human oral cavity and responsible for some oral infections.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF UDHARA VAYUHARA CHURNA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Maruthi T. Ekbote ◽  
◽  
Rajashekar K. V ◽  
Shankarappa L ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Ayurvedic medicines are being used increasingly to fight or prevent common diseases. Udhara vayuhara churna is a polyherbal formulation containing Piper longum (Piperceae) Zingiber officinalis (Zingiberaceae), Elettaria cardamom (Zingiberaceae), Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae), Carum carvi (Umbelliferae), Acorus calamus (Araceae) and Embilica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Udhara vayuhara churna were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the Udhara vayuhara churna indicated that methanolic extract inhibited the growth of one or more test pathogens than aqueous extract. Udhara vayuhara churna formulation extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This may be due to the multifunctional effect of all the seven plant ingredients of Udhara Vayuhara churn.

scholarly journals Jabuticaba skin extracts: phenolic compounds and antibacterial activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Cíntia de Oliveira ◽  
Tamara Rezende Marques ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Andrade Machado ◽  
Thaís Cristina Lima de Carvalho ◽  
Aline Aparecida Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract The phenolic compounds from various extracts of jabuticaba skin powder (JSP) were characterized in this study, and the antibacterial activity assessed. The phenolic compounds were extracted from the JSP using four methods: a) acetone extraction - 1 g JSP: 10 mL 70% acetone, resting for 2 hours; b) aqueous extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL water, under agitation; c) ethanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 15 mL acidified ethanol, under agitation; and d) methanolic extract - 1 g JSP: 50 mL 50% methanol, under reflux. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion assay, using Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 6539, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds, especially of cyanidin chloride, catechin and epicatechin. The extracts did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella choleraesuis, but inhibited 30% of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an extract concentration of 250 µg mL-1. Against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes the highest inhibitory effect observed was 41.8% for the ethanolic extract, followed by 36% inhibition by the methanolic extract, thus revealing the potential of these extracts as possible alternatives for use in the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

scholarly journals Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsa Devi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A CYANOBACTERIUM SCYTONEMA SCHMIDTII GOM

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Janardhan Namdeo Nehul
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Air Blower

Scytonema schmidtii,a cyanobacterium was isolated from the collected soil samples from different locations of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state (India). Identification was carried out using morphological variation and taxonomical approaches according to Desikachary (1959) and Prescott (1962) .The axenic culture of Scytonema schmidtii was obtained by using the method recommended by Bolch and Blackburn (1996). The isolated Scytonema schmidtii was grown autotropically in BG-11 medium as described by Rippka et al.,(1979) and incubated at 30±2°c.After 25 days, biomass was harvested by filtration through double layered muslin cloth and dried using air blower. The biomass of this Scytonema schmidtii species was used for the assessment of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus and Proteus mirabilis. The antibacterial activity was studied by disc diffusion method (Anonymous,1996).Methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii showed the activity against all the tested bacterial strains.Maximum zone of inhibition (23±1.9 mm) was recorded with methanol extract of Scytonema schmidtii.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of Periploca hydaspidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Mohammad Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Diffusion Assay

<p>The present study investigates antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of different solvent extracted samples from <em>Periploca hydaspidis </em>through disc diffusion assay. The data revealed that all the extracts reduced the growth of the tested microbes using three different concentrations. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>E. coli</em> were sensitive to crude extracts and all fractions measuring varying degree of growth inhibition.  Similarly, the growth of <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> was not inhibited by crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracted samples. Maximum growth inhibition was measured against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> exposed to aqueous fraction followed by n-hexane fraction. Our results also suggested that among various fungi, <em>Candida albicans</em> was sensitive to crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane and aqueous fractions compared with other fractions. The rest of the fungi under test were resistant to crude and all fractions showing no zone of inhibition. All the extracted samples of the stems and roots showed antioxidant activity, however, crude methanolic extract of stem tissues exhibited better antioxidant activity than the other extracts.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of antifungal activity of Terminalia subspathulata bark and fruit extracts against azole-resistant Candida isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Yahaya ◽  
Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi ◽  
Yahaya Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Background: Emerging resistant Candida species become a severe problem for public health. The study aims to examine the efficacy of Terminalia subspathulata bark and fruit extracts as an alternative source of antifungals for resistant strains of Candida species. Methodology: Candida albicans was isolated between 4–5th interdigital foot space and C. parapsilosis were isolated from the left-hand third finger of male patients. Morphological and molecular methods identified the isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was determined using azole derivatives, amphotericin B (AmpB) and echinocandins based on E-test and broth microdilution (BMD) methods. The AFST activity of the 10 μL methanolic extracts with concentrations between 1.25–10 mg/mL was assessed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: The AFST results showed total resistance to all azoles (FLU, MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml and VOR, ITR and POS each with MIC ≥ 32 μg/ml). The BMD method agreed with E-test MICs. The T. subspathulata bark extract tested indicated activity on the C. albicans lawn with the zone of inhibition between 9–13 mm. The fruit extract indicated zone between 8–10 mm. Candida parapsilosis indicated susceptibility to bark extract with the zone of inhibition between 10–15 mm, while the fruit extract showed zone between 8–13 mm. Conclusion: Despite azole resistance, the extracts showed good activity against the isolates. Findings showed alternatives to AmpB and echinocandins because of toxicity and parenteral administration, respectively. Based on our findings, our study first reports the medicinal value of T. subspathulata.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ARTABOTRYS ODORATISSIMUS R.Br.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Poonam Sethi ◽  
Nandhagopal Karmegam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity

ABSTRACT Artabotrys odoratissimus R.Br.  (Annonaceae) a medium sizes shrub with hooks, sweet smelling flowers and aggregate fruits, was tested for activity against gram negative bacteria. The fruit of the experimental plant was extracted with water, methanol and toluene: methanol (2:1 v/v). Artabotrys fruits showed good antibacterial activity and produced zone of inhibition of 32mm. The methanolic extract of the fruit showed maximum zone of inhibition at 300 ?g/ml against Pseudomonas fluorescens. The present study clearly indicates that A. odoratissimus had a profound antimicrobial   activity and it may be useful in the treatment of various infectious caused by bacteria. Keywords: Artabotrys, Gram Negative Bacteria, Pseudomonas, Zone Of Inhibition

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