scholarly journals Relationship between Family and Myopia: Based on the Jiangsu School Student Myopia Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Yao Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Family Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Near Work

Purpose. This study aims to increase our understanding of the relationship between family and myopia in Chinese children. Methods. Students had a physical examination and were required to provide the necessary demographic information. Children and their guardians from different family types were required to fill in a questionnaire concerning myopia factors. Results. In this study, the prevalence of myopia in enrolled students aged 6–17 is 55.5%. The proportion of the nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family is 40.6%, 43.7%, 11.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. Myopia rates from different family types by the order (nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family) are 60.0%, 52.0%, 54.7%, and 50.9% taking on a decreasing trend, which shows an opposite trend comparing with elevated blood pressure, dental caries, and obesity. The interaction effect of the family type and region, physical examination, lifestyle (including diet habits, near work, outdoor activities, and sleep), and types of lamps and whether scolded by parents can have a significant impact on myopia. For primary school students (grade: 1–5), the prevalence of myopia in the nuclear family was a bit higher than that of myopia in the left-behind family, but for children in junior and senior high schools, both prevalences stayed similar. Conclusions. In this study, education pressure and time outdoors are still at play, and this kind of effect shows different phenomena in different families. Therefore, previous interventions would still work, and then the most critical challenge would be to ensure that left-behind children completed more schooling.

scholarly journals The investigation of interactional synchrony between 3-year-old children and their mothers according to family types

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Zeynep Deniz Seven ◽  
Serdal Seven
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Interactional Synchrony ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Case Research ◽  
Family Types

In this study, the synchronisation characteristics of mothers and their 3-year-old children living in extended and nuclear family types were examined in a semi-structured play process. In this study, grounded multi-case research, which is a type of case study, was used. The participants of the study consisted of 12 mothers and their 3-year-old children, 6 of them are from an extended family type and 6 of them are from a nuclear family type. Observational and interview techniques were used to describe the interactions of the studied group in detail. As a result, interactional synchrony behaviors were very limited in all mother–child couples in the extended and also nuclear families. However, it was observed that the eye contact of mothers was inadequate. Keywords: Interactional synchrony, parents, social interaction, family, attachment.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Rural Secondary School Students on First Aid Following Educational Intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
A. F. M. Salah Uddin ◽  
Syeda Israt Zahan ◽  
Fatema Binte Zinnah ◽  
Md. Motiur Rahman ◽  
Hafiza Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Family Type ◽  
School Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Activities

Introduction: School life is an important part of children’s lives, which has a direct impact on their physical and mental health. Knowledge of health promotion and prevention activities encourages initiating first aid activities in society. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of rural secondary school students following educational intervention on first aid. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was carried out among 320 secondary school students. Educational intervention on first aid was applied to compare the level of knowledge before and after the intervention. Data were collected by a self-administered structured questionnaire through randomly selected students. Results: Findings showed that most of the respondents (84.2%) were between 12-15 years old and their mean age was 14.3 years. It was also found that the majority 159 (58.5%) of the respondents were male and the rest of them 113 (41.5%) were female. Regarding family type distribution, the majority 192 (70.6%) of the respondents lived in a nuclear family and 80 (29.4%) belong to joint family. In addition, 43 (15.8%) students' fathers were farmers, 74 (27.2%) were businessmen and 43 (15.8%) were day laborers. Regarding textbook knowledge on first aid 270 (99.3%) respondents knew the meaning of first aid, 232 (85.3%) students gave their opinion about cleaning the skin with Dettol or savlon in case of injury and 228 (83.8%) students answered that bleeding should be reduced by applying pressure with a clean cloth. The study found that 22 (8.1%) respondents had a good knowledge of first aid interventions before the intervention while after the intervention, a good level of knowledge was found amongst 189 (69.5%) students. The study revealed that the use of ice during injury management was not significantly (c2 =0.529, p˃ 0.05) associated with the level of first aid knowledge statistically before the intervention while after first aid intervention, there was a significant association (c2 =7.235, p˂ 0.05). Conclusion: Educational intervention on first aid improves the level of knowledge among secondary school students. Necessary measures should be taken to encourage health promotion and prevention activities during practical life.

Intergenerational Association of Alexithymic Characteristics for College Students and Their Mothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Fukunishi ◽  
Wayne Paris
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Toronto Alexithymia Scale ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Types

The intergenerational association of alexithymic characteristics of mothers and their children were examined in a sample of 232 pairs of college students and their mothers. Scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Parental Bonding Inventory, and the Family Environmental Scale of college students were significantly correlated with their mothers' memories of when they were also 20 years old. College students' scores were significantly correlated with their mothers' scores on each questionnaire. The student-mother pairs were further divided into two family types, nuclear and extended families. Correlations were higher for scores of the nuclear family than for those of the extended family. Such results suggest there may be intergenerational transmission of alexithymia and related factors from mothers to children.

Reflections on Entitlement to a Child in Australian Women's Journals 1947–1987

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Harper
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Unmarried Mothers ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Illegitimate Children ◽  
Women's Journals

In the Macquarie Dictionary, a family is defined as “parents and their children, whether dwelling together or not”. To be a couple with no children puts one outside of this category when family is defined in that way. Indeed, it is only recently that the term “single parent family” has been coined and accepted as an alternative type of family structure. Prior to the seventies the reference was to the “single mother and her child” and earlier still, “unmarried mothers” and “illegitimate children” — “fillius nullis”, child of nobody, until the Children's Equality of Status Act in 1977.Society still appears to hold the nuclear family as the ideal2 that is a male and a female, preferably married with one or more children. A couple remain a couple and are not considered a family until such time as they have a child. For those who wish to have a child but are unable to have one, this constitutes a painful situation, but one towards which society feels compassion and in the view of the author, supports the notion that couples are entitled to a child.

scholarly journals Globalization Influence on Alternative Trajectories to Family Formation in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola Ayandele ◽  
Olugbenga A Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Family Structures

Family is the most basic institution of society with several socialization functions. Previously, the traditional “normative” family in Africa was a large household made-up of the extended family. Later, globalization processes led to the institutionalization of the nuclear family arrangement as the “typical” married-couple family setting. Currently, the agents of globalization have popularized and made single-parent families (having child/children without being married), and a two-parent cohabiting family (living with one’s partner without being married) lost some social stigma in many African societies. Single-parenthood and cohabitation are becoming “trendy” family structure in many African societies. Guided by the structural functionalism approach, the influence of globalization on the African family structure was discussed. Data from Demographic Health Surveys, World Family Map and various studies from some sub-Saharan African countries were used to examine the prevalence of the married-couple, cohabiting-couple, and single-parent family structures. Since the family is the most prominent family structure in Africa, the society, governmental and non-governmental agencies, education and religious institutions, as well as clinical and social services, should be attuned to the currently diverse “new normal” family systems to ensure that families thrive.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POLA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA KELUARGA BESAR (EXTENDED FAMILY) TKI TERHADAP TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekapti Wahjuni Djuwitaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe problems that occur when the housewife working as Female Labor (TKW) abroad, causing the relationship of communication patterns with the family is not running effectively, and no attention to children left behind, so the child does not get the full affection of his mother. To bridge the child in protection and compassion, the obligations and responsibilities of caring for, educating and raising children are left to the nuclear family and extended family. The applicable patterns of communication are the stimulus-response model, the abx model, the interactional model. The purpose of the study describes the communication patterns of TKW families. Determination of infroman with the technique of snow ball (snowball technique). Research location in Polorejo Village, District of Babadan, Regency of Ponorogo. The results of this study that the errors of communication patterns to children can lead to personal deviant children such as materialistic, child delinquency, promiscuity of children, and other deviant behavior. While the pattern of communication between father / husband to the wife abroad that is not intertwined in an intense and effective, it can cause berbabagi problems in family relationships such as divorce.Keywords: communication pattern, family, TKW

Features of control of behavior of young people from complete and single-parent families

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Vetrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Volitional Control ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Complete Family ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
The Family

The paper is describe the study of features of control of behavior of young man and girl from complete and single-parent families. The data of 114 people aged 18 to 21 years (average age 19.7 years) were analyzed. Of these, 23 men from the complete family and 21 from the single-parent family (44 boys in total)? 38 girls from the complete family and 32girls from the incomplete family (70 girls in total) in terms of cognitive, emotional and volitional control, as components of unifying regulatory construct “control of behavior” (Sergienko, 2018). It was shown that the family type is important for the development of control of behavior for boys in comparison with girls. Boys from complete families have more developed abilities in the field of recognition and regulation of emotions in comparison with boys from single-parent families. In addition, for boys their age is important when the family has become incomplete from the position of the development of cognitive independence.

scholarly journals The Taxation of Families: How Gendered (De)Familialization Tax Policies Modify Horizontal Income Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
MANUEL SCHECHTL
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Tax Policies ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Different Types

Abstract A welfare state’s tax system does not solely redistribute from rich to poor (vertical) but also between family types (horizontal). Different types of families are treated differently due to gendered (de)familialization policies in the tax code, such as joint filing for spouses or single-parent relief. In this study I aim to examine the tax system’s modification of horizontal income inequality between the six most prevalent family types of non-retiree households. To answer my research aim I draw on harmonized data from 30 countries provided by the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). I estimate pre- and post-fiscal income inequality measured as between-family-type Theil indices. Using multivariate linear regression, I examine the association of the percentage change in inequality and the prevalence of family type-related tax characteristics. The results show that welfare states with familialization tax policies reduce less horizontal income inequality compared to welfare states without familialization tax policies. As familialization tax policies provide additional benefits for breadwinners with dependents, they discourage labour market participation of secondary earners and might exacerbate gender inequalities.

scholarly journals FAMILY TYPES AND HAPPINESS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
Bisma Akhlaaq
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Happy Family ◽  
Adjustment Test

<p>The nuclear, blended, grandparents as parents, adoptive, foster and single parent families were studied to compare the contributory role of different ‘relational influences’ and spouses role in family happiness, 300 spouses 150 male and 150 female were studied with Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Marital Adjustment Test? ANOVA and t-test results reflected no significant contributory differences in family happiness in all types in both conditions; however, nuclear family type surpassing individualism and collectivism influences emerged as a more happy family as is preferred in Western cultures. More studies are recommended for generalization. </p>

Children in Single-Father Families in Demographic Perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. EGGEBEEN ◽  
ANASTASIA R. SNYDER ◽  
WENDY D. MANNING
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Single Father ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Economic Well Being

The purpose of this article is to examine the other (much more neglected) single-parent family type: those single-parent families headed by fathers. We use specially constructed child files from the 1960-1990 Public Use Microdata Samples data from the Census of Population to address two general questions: (a) To what extent has both the likelihood and the demographic characteristics of these families changed over time? (b) What are the consequences for children of living in different kinds of father-only families? We find that single-father families are comparatively rare, but increasing rapidly, especially since 1980. Increasingly, these families are formed by fathers who are young, never married, with low incomes, and fewer children. Analysis of the 1990 data reveal wide diversity in living arrangements among children in single-father families. Furthermore, the social capital of children's fathers, the availability of adults, and children's economic well-being vary markedly across these types of families.

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