scholarly journals Changes in Gait Characteristics of Stroke Patients with Foot Drop after the Combination Treatment of Foot Drop Stimulator and Moving Treadmill Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chen Peishun ◽  
Zhou Haiwang ◽  
Li Taotao ◽  
Guan Hongli ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Gait Characteristics

Objective. To study the changes in gait characteristics of stroke patients with foot drop after the combination treatment of foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill training and thus provide a basis for the improvement in a foot drop gait after stroke. Methods. Sixty patients with hemiplegia and foot drop caused by stroke were randomly divided into two groups of 30: the test group and the control group. Both groups received basic rehabilitation training. On this basis, the test group received the combination treatment of foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill training. The control group received foot drop stimulator training. Both groups received consecutive treatment for 3 weeks, five times a week, and every single time lasted for 30 minutes. Before and after the treatment, a gait watch three-dimensional gait analysis system was used to measure and record the maximum angles of flexion of the affected side’s hip, knee, and ankle; the pace; the step length asymmetry; the iEMG of the tibialis anterior muscle; the functional ambulation category; and Ashworth’s modified spasticity classification of the gastrocnemius. Results. After treatment, in the two groups, the maximum angles of flexion of the affected side’s hip, knee, and ankle improved, the pace increased, the step length asymmetry decreased, the iEMG of the tibialis anterior muscle increased, the functional ambulation category improved, and Ashworth’s modified spasticity classification of the gastrocnemius decreased, but the above changes in the test group were better than those in the control group. The difference is statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. The combination treatment of the foot drop stimulator and moving treadmill can significantly improve stroke patients’ foot gait and promote the normalization of hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle flexion. It can increase the pace, significantly reduce the step length asymmetry, reduce the muscle tone of the gastrocnemius, and improve walking function.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Kinesio Taping of Lower-Leg Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern on Gait Parameter and Dynamic Balance in Chronic Stroke with Foot Drop

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Dongyun Lee ◽  
Youngsook Bae
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg Kinesio taping on gait parameters and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients with foot drop. A total 22 chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 11) and control groups (n = 11). All subjects underwent conventional therapy and gait training for 50 min. The experimental group additionally received KT of tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and hamstring muscles according to the PNF pattern. The control group received KT of only TA. The primary outcome measures that the gait parameter are gait velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length. Dynamic balance was measured by the timed up-and-go test (TUG) time and activity-specific balance confidence scale (ABC) as the secondary outcomes. All of the measurements were performed baseline and 24 h after intervention. Our results showed that the experimental group showed significant improvements in gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length and TUG, and ABC score compared with the control group. We conclude that the short term effect of application of lower-leg KT according to the PNF pattern increased the gait ability and dynamic balance of chronic stroke patients with foot drop.

scholarly journals Selecting Clinically Relevant Gait Characteristics for Classification of Early Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Machine Learning Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
Silvia Del Din ◽  
Yu Guan ◽  
Alison J. Yarnall ◽  
Jian Qing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Gait Characteristics

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease; gait impairments are typical and are associated with increased fall risk and poor quality of life. Gait is potentially a useful biomarker to help discriminate PD at an early stage, however the optimal characteristics and combination are unclear. In this study, we used machine learning (ML) techniques to determine the optimal combination of gait characteristics to discriminate people with PD and healthy controls (HC). 303 participants (119 PD, 184 HC) walked continuously around a circuit for 2-minutes at a self-paced walk. Gait was quantified using an instrumented mat (GAITRite) from which 16 gait characteristics were derived and assessed. Gait characteristics were selected using different ML approaches to determine the optimal method (random forest with information gain and recursive features elimination (RFE) technique with support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression). Five clinical gait characteristics were identified with RFE-SVM (mean step velocity, mean step length, step length variability, mean step width, and step width variability) that accurately classified PD. Model accuracy for classification of early PD ranged between 73–97% with 63–100% sensitivity and 79–94% specificity. In conclusion, we identified a subset of gait characteristics for accurate early classification of PD. These findings pave the way for a better understanding of the utility of ML techniques to support informed clinical decision-making.

scholarly journals Effects of virtual reality-based treadmill training on the balance and gait ability in patients after stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Maruša Kržišnik ◽  
Barbara Horvat Rauter ◽  
Nataša Bizovčar
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Lateral Asymmetry ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Gait and balance impairments contribute significantly to long-term disability after stroke. Modern concepts of stroke rehabilitation recommend a task-specific repetitive approach, such as using treadmill training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using virtual reality-based treadmill training to improve balance and gait in subacute stroke patients. Twenty-two stroke patients were randomly stratified into two groups: the experimental (n = 11) and the control group (n = 11). Parameters associated with balance and gait were measured using the 6-minute walk test, the 10-meter walk test, the timed “up and go” test, the functional gait assessment, and the four square step test. Gait analysis using the zebris Rehawalk® treadmill system was also performed. Patients in the experimental group received virtual reality-based treadmill training five times a week for a period of four weeks, while those in the control group received treadmill training at the same frequency, duration, intensity, and structure, along with a progressively more difficult task demands. Significant improvements were observed in selected outcome measures in both groups after training. Patients in the experimental group experienced improvements in all of the spatiotemporal gait parameters, but there was a significant difference before and after training in duration of double support and lateral asymmetry. The findings of this pilot randomized controlled trial support the benefits of using a virtual reality-based treadmill training program to improve gait and balance in subacute stroke patients.

scholarly journals The research of the relationships between patent foramen ovale and ischemic stroke in elderly patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Chao Sun ◽  
Wenjing Jiang ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Shunt Volume

Abstract Background Research indicates that abnormal embolism caused by patent foramen ovale (PFO) may play an important role in cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, most researches has focused on young patients, and whether abnormal embolism caused by PFO also plays an important role in elderly CS is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with PFO, and to explore the correlation between elderly PFO and ischemic stroke.Methods 62 elderly patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from April 2014 to April 2019 were selected as the Test Group. 62 non-stroke patients in our hospital's physical examination center and outpatient clinic were selected as the Control Group. Collect clinical data of patients for retrospective analysis.Results The incidence of PFO in the Test Group was significantly higher than that in the Control Group, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The proportion of large and medium shunt patients in the Test Group was significantly higher than that in the Control Group (p < 0.05). The proportion of patients with migraine in the PFO (+) group in the Test Group was significantly higher than the stroke patients in the PFO (-) group (p < 0.05).Conclusions The shunt volume of the PFO is related to ischemic stroke and may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Impacts of a lower limb exoskeleton robot on the muscle strength of tibialis anterior muscle in stroke patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 03036
Author(s):  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Qingyu Zhao ◽  
Shichao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Lower Limb Exoskeleton ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Robot Group

This work aims to explore the impact of a proposed lower limb exoskeleton robot on the muscle strength of the tibialis anterior muscle in stroke patients. Firstly, 24 patients with stroke hemiplegia were divided into the robot group and the control group according to a random number table. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation treatments. Moreover, the robot group took the walking training with UG0210, a lower limb exoskeleton walking rehabilitation device developed by the Hangzhou RoboCT Technology Development Co., Ltd., once per day, 30 minutes per time, a total of 20 times of treatment. The control group took the conventional rehabilitation walking training, once per day, 30 mins per time, a total of 20 times of treatment. At the beginning of the trial, the manual muscle strength test (MMT) was used to assess the pre-trial muscle strength within the trial cycle. The efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results The muscle strength of the tibialis anterior muscle was higher than that without treatments in both groups (P<0.05). The curative effect of the robot group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions With the help of the designed lower limb exoskeleton robot, both tibialis anterior muscle strength and lower limb motor function of stroke patients were improved compared to the control group. The comparison shows the attractive potential and value of the robot assisted rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Salvia Hispanica L (Chia Seeds) as Brain Superfood – How Seeds Increase Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Peter Onneken
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Study Participants

The influence of nutrition on cognitive abilities is undisputed in academic literature. Omega-3 fatty acids in particular delivered convincing results in several studies. In recent years chia seeds (Salvia Hispanica L) are becoming increasingly popular in Europe as well. In a trial the authors divided the study participants into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. The participants of the intervention group consumed a daily dose of 5 grams chia seeds over a time period of 21 days.In total, the test group that participated in the intervention performed significantly better in the retest than the comparison group. They improved their verbal intelligence and enhanced their ability in problem solving. Insofar, the classification of Salvia Hispanica L as a superfood, respectively brain superfood, is scientifically justified.

scholarly journals Effects of Biaxial Ankle Strengthening on Muscle Efficiency during Gait in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Cho ◽  
Wan-Hee Lee ◽  
Joon-Ho Shin ◽  
Hogene Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ankle Muscle ◽  
Ankle Strength

Abstract Background: Ankle dysfunction in stroke patients is a common but serious cause of balance and gait impairment. However there seldom exists comprehensive paretic ankle training. Thus we investigated the effects of biaxial ankle muscle training (AMT) using visual feedback as a means to improve ankle strength and functional activities in stroke patients. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled pilot trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Twenty-five patients with stroke under inpatient rehabilitation with difficulty walking (e.g. foot drop), or ankle muscle weakness participated. The experimental group underwent AMT consisting of passive stretching, contraction to match movement, and active-resistive strengthening using visual feedback for 40 minutes per day, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The control group underwent ankle-related physical therapy including ankle range of motion(ROM) exercises for matched time period. The outcomes were ankle isometric contraction force, Fugl-Meyer lower extremity (FM-L), Berg balance scale (BBS), walking speed, and ankle co-contraction index (CI) during gai. Results: The results showed significant between-group differences for ankle isometric contraction in each direction (P<0.05), FM-L (P<0.01) and stance-phase CI (P<0.05). Post training, the AMT group displayed significant differences in the ankle isometric contraction in each direction (P<0.01), ankle proprioception (P<0.05), and walking speed (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the significant short-term effects of AMT on ankle strength, walking speed, and ankle muscle efficiency in chronic stroke survivors.

Abstract TP162: The Therapeutic Effects of Peroneal Nerve Functional Electric Stimulation for Lower Extremity in Patients With Sub-Acute Post-Stroke Hemiplegia: A Randomized Controlled Study

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Matsumoto ◽  
Megumi Shimodozono
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Orthotic Device

Background and Aims: The functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the electrical stimulation of a muscle deprived of nervous control for providing muscular contraction and thereby producing a functionally useful movement. FES is particularly effective for treating foot drop caused by stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of WalkAide FES system on functional recovery and activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients with foot drop. Methods: Participants (n=203; 49 females and 154 males; time after stroke 61.6±31.5 days) were randomized to either FES group or the control group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program. In addition, FES group participated in FES training for 40 mins per day, five times a week, for 8 weeks, and those in the control group participated in the usual physical therapy including gait re-education, gait training with an orthotic device, and muscle stretching. Functional recovery was assessed using 6-min walk test (6MWT), active range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion (A-ROM), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). ADL was assessed using 10-m walk test (10MWT), Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), and patient satisfaction. Results: After intervention, there were significant improvements in 6MWT, TUG, 10MWT, SIS compared to baseline in both groups (p< 0.0001). The significant improvement in A-ROM was demonstrated only in FES group. At follow-up, AROM showed significant improvements in the FES group compared to the control group (p= 0.0011). However, when comparing average change scores from baseline to end of treatment, significant differences were noted only for the A-ROM scores. Stroke patients preferred the use of an electrical stimulation orthotic substitute device to an orthotic device, according to the questionnaire of patient satisfaction (p< 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings of the current study demonstrated the efficacy of FES on the functional recovery and ADL, and also showed the feasibility of applying FES for dropped foot during the convalescent phase of recovery after stroke. These results suggest that long-term FES use may lead to additional improvements in walking endurance and functional ambulation; further research is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Statins on Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Infection based on Intelligent Data Acquisition of Computed Tomography Image information (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiye Yang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
Xu Weng ◽  
Wenjing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Tomography Image ◽  
Computed Tomography Image

BACKGROUND Background: Stroke is one of the main causes of chronic disability and death, and infection is the most common complication of stroke and the main influencing factor of 30d mortality. Studies have shown that statins can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as the expression of inflammatory factors. However, the effect of statins on the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke complicated with infection has not been determined. OBJECTIVE Objective: To reduce the infection rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke, effect of statins on patients with acute ischemic stroke infection based on intelligent data acquisition of computed tomography image information was investigated. METHODS Methods: In this study, 122 infected patients with acute ischemic stroke in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2018 were included as subjects, and they were divided into test group (statin treatment, n=69) and control group (non-statin treatment, n=53). On admissionon, the differences in baseline data, stroke classification, neurological impairment, and the number of affected cerebral lobes between the two groups were compared; the probability of pulmonary, urinary system, and co-infection in patients with different stroke types was compared; the modified Rankin score and pap scale were used to evaluate the prognosis of patients; filter back projection (FBP) and iDose4 algorithms were used to reconstruct CT images of stroke patients, and the differences in noise and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of reconstructed images by different algorithms were compared; CT images were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the imaging characteristics of stroke patients and the affected cerebral lobes. RESULTS Results: The proportion of TACI in the control group was significantly higher than that in the test group (P<0.01); the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with total anterior circulation infarct (TACI) typing in the control group was significantly higher than that in the test group (P<0.01); the Rankin and Barthel index scores of the test group at 0 months (3.30±0.34 vs 4.19±0.42; 45.71±8.26 vs 29.65±5.58), 1 months (3.17±0.36 vs 4.39±0.47; 47.79±7.79 vs 31.97±6.02), and 2 months (3.16±0.32 vs 4.14±0.40; 59.33±9.87 vs 35.80±6.21) were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); the noise in the image reconstructed by iDose4 method was significantly lower than that by FBP method (P<0.01); there were statistically significant differences between the control group and the test group in the proportion of involvement in the right parietal lobe, left insula, left internal capsule, subcortex, and right brain stem (P<0.05), CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: iDose algorithm can more effectively reconstruct CT images of stroke patients, and statins can significantly improve the left internal capsule and subcutaneous involvement of stroke patients, so as to effectively improve the prognosis of patients with acute stroke. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: CRD42017079863

scholarly journals The Capacity to Restore Steady Gait After a Step Modification Is Reduced in People With Poststroke Foot Drop Using an Ankle-Foot Orthosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos van Swigchem ◽  
Melvyn Roerdink ◽  
Vivian Weerdesteyn ◽  
Alexander C. Geurts ◽  
Andreas Daffertshofer
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthosis

BackgroundA reduced capacity to modify gait to the environment may contribute to the risk of falls in people with poststroke foot drop using an ankle-foot orthosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify their capacity to restore steady gait after a step modification.DesignThis was a cross-sectional, observational study.MethodsNineteen people in the chronic phase (&gt;6 months) after stroke (mean age=55.0 years, SD=10.1) and 20 people of similar age (mean age=54.6 years, SD=12.0) who were able-bodied were included. Participants were instructed to avoid obstacles that were suddenly released in front of the paretic leg (stroke group) or left leg (control group) while walking on a treadmill. Outcomes were success rates of obstacle avoidance as well as post-crossing step length, step duration, hip flexion angle at foot-strike, and peak hip extension of the steps measured within 10 seconds following obstacle release.ResultsSuccess rates of obstacle avoidance were lower for people poststroke. Moreover, their first post-crossing step length and duration (ie, the nonparetic step) deviated more from steady gait than those of people in the control group (ie, the right step), with lower values for people poststroke. Similar deviations were observed for post-crossing hip flexion and extension excursions.LimitationsPeople poststroke were relatively mildly impaired and used an ankle-foot orthosis, which may limit the generalizability of the results to other populations poststroke.ConclusionsPeople with poststroke foot drop using an ankle-foot orthosis had reduced gait adaptability, as evidenced by lower success rates of obstacle avoidance as well as an impaired capacity to restore steady gait after crossing an obstacle. The latter finding unveils their difficulty in incorporating step modifications in ongoing gait.

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