scholarly journals Hepatic Steatosis Index and Chronic Kidney Disease among Middle-Aged Individuals: A Large-Scale Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Ken Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis Index

Background. Though nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is unclear whether the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), a screening tool for NAFLD, is related to CKD. The present study investigated the relationship between HSI and CKD among middle-aged individuals in Japan. Methods. Subjects were adults (aged 40–64 years) who received an annual health checkup in Japan between April 2013 and March 2014. Height and weight were measured, and venous blood samples were obtained to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine levels. HSI was calculated by the following formula: HSI = 8 × ALT / AST   ratio + body   mass   index (+2, if diabetes; +2, if female). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60   mL / min / 1.73   m 2 and/or urinary protein of ≥ (+). Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for CKD. Results. Data of 94,893 adults were analyzed. Compared with men with an HSI < 30 , men with 30 ≤ HSI ≤ 36 (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.40–1.61) and HSI > 36 (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.99–2.31) had significantly higher ORs for CKD. Moreover, there was a significant dose-response relationship between HSI and CKD ( P for trend < 0.001 ). Even after adjusting for confounders, the significant results persisted. These findings in men were similar to those in women. Conclusions. This study showed that the HSI was associated with CKD among middle-aged adults in Japan. Additionally, a dose-response relationship of HSI to CKD was observed. The present study suggested that it might be useful to monitor the HSI among middle-aged individuals to detect CKD at an early stage.

scholarly journals Serum Total Bilirubin and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Dongwei Liu ◽  
Zhangsuo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Physiological Range

Background: Previous studies have suggested that serum total bilirubin (STB) levels are associated with heightened chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality in both the general population and nephropathy patients. However, these results remain inconsistent. The aim of our study was to investigate whether STB was a predictor for progression of CKD and mortality by meta-analysis.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library's database up to June 30, 2019. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted for the highest vs. lowest category STB levels within the physiological range, and a random-effects model was applied to calculate the dose–response relationships. A pooled hazard ratio (HR) was used to investigate the association between STB levels and mortality in dialysis patients.Results: A total of 16 studies, wherein participants were followed from 21 months to 7 years, were eligible for inclusion in the study. For the categorized STB, 11 studies with 41,188 participants were identified and analyzed. Patients with the highest STB levels were associated with a lower risk of CKD (RR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.55–0.73) compared to those with the lowest STB levels. Furthermore, based on seven studies, a pooled RR of 0.89, 95% CI (0.80–0.99) was observed for the continuous STB levels (per 0.2 mg/dL increase). Four studies that included 51,764 participants illustrated that there was no association between STB levels and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.42–1.41). A prominent negative linear relationship (X2 = 14.70; P = 0.0001) was found between STB levels and risk of CKD. Subgroup analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the subgroup adjustment factor except for sample size.Conclusions: Elevated STB levels within a physiological range are associated with lower risk of CKD regardless of the study characteristics and coincide with a liner dose–response relationship. However, whether high STB levels are a protective factor against mortality remains inconclusive. Large-scale randomized controlled trails are needed to target STB levels for predicting renal outcomes.

scholarly journals A population-based study on the association between the intake of soft drinks and periodontal disease in Taiwanese adults aged 35–44 years (KCIS no. 33)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1471-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ching-Yuan Fann ◽  
Hongmin Lai ◽  
Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽  
Sam Li-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the association between the intake of soft drinks and periodontal disease (PD) among Taiwanese middle-aged adults.DesignThe cross-sectional design was employed to assess a dose–response relationship between the intake of soft drinks and PD after controlling for relevant confounding factors, with adjusted odds ratios obtained from a multivariate logistic regression model.SettingKeelung Community-based Integrated Screening (KCIS) programme, Keelung, Taiwan.SubjectsParticipants (n 10 213) aged 35–44 years who had undergone oral checks for PD between 2005 and 2009.ResultsA dose–response relationship between the intake of soft drinks and elevated risk for PD defined by community periodontal index ≥3 (the current status of PD) was noted (P=0·02 by trend test). Compared with infrequent intake of soft drinks (≤2 times/week), the adjusted OR increased from 1·05 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·20) for the frequency of 3–4 times/week to 1·17 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·34) for the frequency of ≥5 times/week. A similar trend (P<0·01) was also observed for PD defined by loss of attachment ≥1 (representing the long-term cumulative gum damage due to PD).ConclusionsA dose–response relationship between the intake frequency of soft drinks and PD was observed in Taiwanese middle-aged adults. Such evidence could be used in health promotion to support reductions in soft drink intake.

scholarly journals The Effect and Mechanism of Cholesterol and Vitamin B12 on Multi-Domain Cognitive Function: A Prospective Study on Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Wang ◽  
Kuo Liu ◽  
Xiaona Zhang ◽  
Yushan Wang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Background: Nutrients are associated with cognitive function, but limited research studies have systematically evaluated on multi-domain cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of specific nutrient on multi-domain cognitive function, and provide nutrition guidance for improving cognitive function.Methods: Participants were selected based on a multicenter prospective study on middle-aged and older adults in China. Global cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Nutrients intake was assessed according to food frequency questionnaire and China Food Composition Database, and principal component analysis was performed to extract nutrient patterns. Associations between specific nutrients and cognitive function were assessed using log-binomial regression. Restricted cubic spline was used to illustrate the dose-response relationship of nutrients with multi-domain cognitive function. Mediation analysis was used to determine the mechanism of nutrients in cognitive function.Results: Four nutrient patterns were identified (vitamin-mineral, protein-carbohydrate, fatty acid-vitamin E, and cholesterol-vitamin B12), and only a nutrient pattern rich in cholesterol and vitamin B12 was found associated with cognitive function (RR = 0.891, 95%CI = 0.794–0.999). In multi-domain cognitive function, dietary cholesterol and vitamin B12 were related to better performance of visual memory function (P = 0.034, P = 0.02). In dose-response relationship, it suggested a U-shaped association between vitamin B12 and MMSE (P = 0.02) within a certain range.Conclusions: Dietary intake rich in cholesterol and vitamin B12 was associated with better cognitive function, and vitamin B12 had a U-shaped dose-response relation with MMSE. Thus, ensuring moderate cholesterol and vitamin B12intake may be an advisable strategy to improve cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.Clinical Trial Registration: EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610

scholarly journals Undiagnosed and untreated chronic kidney disease and its impact on renal outcomes in the Japanese middle-aged general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127
Author(s):  
Yukari Yamada ◽  
Tatsuyoshi Ikenoue ◽  
Yoshiyuki Saito ◽  
Shingo Fukuma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Kidney Disease Progression ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Medical Claims Database

BackgroundThe effectiveness of identifying and monitoring early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully recognised. This study quantified people with undiagnosed CKD among the middle-aged Japanese population and clarified potential risks of untreated CKD.MethodsWe included 71 233 individuals who underwent annual health check-ups (AHC) in 2014 for both baseline and follow-up proteinuria and serum creatine measurements. CKD was identified by AHC data as proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We differentiated undiagnosed from diagnosed CKD using the medical claims database. In undiagnosed CKD, we assessed risk differences for disease progression, defined as an eGFR decline slope >3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year or proteinuria incidence over 3 years, between those who visited a physician for CKD treatment within 6 months after AHC and those who did not.ResultsCKD prevalence was 5.7% (5.2% undiagnosed and 0.5% diagnosed). Only 2.1% of the patients with undiagnosed CKD visited a physician for CKD treatment within 6 months after AHC. Between-group risk differences in instrumental variable adjustment models showed that those left untreated progressed to kidney diseases 16.3% more often than those who visited physicians for CKD treatment.ConclusionCKD was undiagnosed in 5.2% of the middle-aged general population. Only a few people visited physicians for CKD treatment. Visiting physicians for CKD treatment during the first 6 months after screening may be associated with a lower risk of kidney disease progression.

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