Axial Length and Associated Factors in Children: The Shandong Children Eye Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Liang Lu ◽  
Jian Feng Wu ◽  
Xiang Ye ◽  
Yuan Yuan Hu ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Unstandardized Regression Coefficient ◽  
Axial Myopia

Purpose: To investigate ocular axial length (AL) in Chinese children. Methods: The Shandong Children Eye Study included 6,364 children aged 4-18 years. Results: Longer AL (mean 23.45 ± 1.20 mm, range 18.80-28.59 mm) was associated (multivariate analysis; correlation coefficient r2: 0.61) with older age (p < 0.001, standardized correlation coefficient β = 0.35, unstandardized regression coefficient B = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12, 0.15), male gender (p < 0.001, β = -0.24, B = -0.10, 95% CI -0.29, -0.19), urban region (p < 0.001, β = 0.10, B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.20, 0.31), body height (p < 0.001, β = 0.22, B = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.02), maternal education (p < 0.001, β = 0.07, B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.05, 0.10), paternal myopia (p < 0.001, β = 0.09, B = 0.26, 95% CI 0.20, 0.33), maternal myopia (p < 0.001, β = 0.08, B = 0.23, 95% CI 0.17, 0.30), more time spent indoors reading/writing (p < 0.001, β = 0.05, B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.02, 0.04), less time spent outdoors (p = 0.005, β = -0.03, B = -0.01, 95% CI -0.02, -0.003), longer corneal curvature radius (p < 0.001, β = 0.36, B = 1.63, 95% CI 1.53, 1.74) and higher intraocular pressure (p = 0.008, β = 0.03, B = 0.01, 95% CI 0.004, 0.02). High axial myopia (AL ≥26.0 mm) present in 202 children (3.4 ± 0.2%, 95% CI 2.92, 3.84) was associated with less time spent outdoors (p = 0.002, odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.97) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: In children in the less developed Eastern Chinese province of Shandong, the prevalence of high axial myopia was >10% among 16-year-olds. A modifiable factor associated with higher prevalence of high axial myopia was less time spent outdoors.

Relationship between axial length of the emmetropic eye and the age, body height, and body weight of schoolchildren

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alen ?elovi? ◽  
Vesna Juresa ◽  
Davor Ivankovic ◽  
Davor Malcic ◽  
Gordana ?elovi? Bobonj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Body Height

Evaluation of the B/F Ratio Distribution of Cataract Patients Without Corneal Abnormalities and Its Effect on Ocular Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. E46-54
Author(s):  
Michael Deng ◽  
Lina Lan ◽  
Tianhui Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Corneal Radius

Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of the posterior-anterior corneal radius ratio (B/F ratio; posterior corneal radius/anterior corneal radius) in patients without corneal abnormalities, and to investigate which parameters affect this ratio. Methods: Five thousand eyes from 5,000 patients who underwent cataract surgery were recruited to this study. We explored the linear relationship between B/F ratio and 13 variables using Principal Component-Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis. Results: The B/F ratio was negatively correlated with the difference between simulated keratometry (SimK) and true net power (TNP), central corneal thickness, spherical aberration (SA), and posterior corneal astigmatism and positively correlated with posterior corneal radius, corneal posterior surface, axial length (AL) and anterior corneal radius. Several variables (central corneal thickness, difference between SimK and TNP and asphericity coefficient (Q-value) of the posterior corneal surface) had the highest loading on the final score. B/F ratio reflects the refractive state and anatomical structure of the cornea: thus, higher B/F ratios were associated with larger posterior corneal surface curvature radius, longer axial length, thinner central corneal thickness, lower high order aberrations of the cornea and SA, and the numerical difference between simK and TNP gradually reduced. In clinical practice, for patients with lower B/F ratio, special care should be taken in the choice of system used for intraocular lens (IOL) measurements.

scholarly journals Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Phosphorus Element in Fertilizers Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Zhang ◽  
Pengpeng Ling ◽  
Wen Sha ◽  
Yongcheng Jiang ◽  
Zhifeng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
P Element ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
The Matrix

Rapid detection of phosphorus (P) element is beneficial to the control of compound fertilizer production process and is of great significance in the fertilizer industry. The aim of this work was to compare the univariate and multivariate analysis of phosphorus element in compound fertilizers and obtain a reliable and accurate method for rapid detection of phosphorus element. A total of 47 fertilizer samples were collected from the production line; 36 samples were used as a calibration set, and 11 samples were used as a prediction set. The univariate calibration curve was constructed by the intensity of characteristic line and the concentration of P. The linear correlation coefficient was 0.854 as the existence of the matrix effect. In order to eliminate the matrix effect, the internal standardization as the appropriate methodology was used to increase the accuracy. Using silicon (Si) element as an internal element, a linear correlation coefficient of 0.932 was obtained. Furthermore, the chemometrics model of partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to analysis the concentration of P in fertilizer. The correlation coefficient was 0.977 and 0.976 for the calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The results indicated that the LIBS technique coupled with PLSR could be a reliable and accurate method in the quantitative determination of P element in complex matrices like compound fertilizers.

scholarly journals Associations between pigments, antioxidant activity and coloring of blackberry fruits (Rubus sp.) and jellies through storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1625-1630
Author(s):  
Angela Vacaro de Souza ◽  
Fernando Ferrari Putti ◽  
Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira ◽  
Rogério Lopes Vieites
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generalized Distance

The objective of this study was to investigate the relations between the amount of anthocyanins, carotenoids and the antioxidant activity measured by the FRAP and TEAC methods. Furthermore, pigments and the coloration of blackberry harvested fruits were measured at 3 different collection points then fruits stored in refrigerated environment and the jelly made from them, preserved in hermetically sealed glasses, without contact with light and temperature of 25ºC. In order to investigate the relations between the study variables (content of anthocyanins and carotenoids, antioxidant activity and coloration using digital colorimeter), Pearson’s correlation analysis was adopted, which indicates the existence of a positive or negative relation between two variables. The α = 5% (correlation coefficient) was used to verify the significance of the correlation. The Mahalanobis (D2) generalized distance for the clustering analysis by the mean linkage method between group of blackberry fruits and jellies was applied. Furthermore, the cophenetic correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis using major components were applied to verify the grouping of different responses of harvesting points of fresh blackberry fruit in natura and jellies. The results showed that there was correlation between the content of anthocyanins and carotenoids in fruits (0.99*) and between the same parameters in jellies. However, this behavior was not clearly observed between the pigments and the antioxidant activity. There was a positive correlation between the factors involved in the coloring of chroma fruits ‘L’, ‘a’, ‘b’ and ºHue in fruits and jellies. Blackberry jellies presented as good sources of anthocyanins and carotenoids.

Comparison of the Predictive Value of MRD and PVA Score in Pediatric ALL.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1520-1520
Author(s):  
Anja Troeger ◽  
Gabriele Escherich ◽  
Udo zur Stadt ◽  
M. L Den Boer ◽  
Rob Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Early identification of patients (pts) at risk for relapse allows for development of risk-adapted treatment strategies, thus steadily improving the outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Besides classic prognostic factors such as age, initial leukocyte count (WBC), genetic alterations and the immune phenotype, the so called PVA Score, summarizing the in vitro resistance of blasts against prednisone, vincristine and asparaginase, has been applied for treatment stratification in the CoALL protocol, a German multicenter study for children with ALL. Over the past years it has become increasingly clear that the in vivo response to chemotherapy assessed by detection of residual malignant cells (MRD) by PCR technique can be predictive of prognosis. Here we compare for the first time the relevance of in vitro (PVA Score) and in vivo (MRD) treatment response in a large cohort of 275 children with ALL, age 1–17 years, uniformly treated according to the CoALL protocols 05–92 to 07–03. Children with B cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) and T-ALL were analyzed separately. Bone marrow samples of 160 children with BCP-ALL and of 115 T-ALL pts diagnosed between 1992–2005 were prospectively assessed for PVA Score at diagnosis and MRD levels at day (d) 15, 29 and 43 after informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians at the time of enrolment. Of note, 7 of the BCP-ALL and 14 of the T-ALL pts with late morphological response were excluded from analysis. Overall median MRD levels in BCP-ALL pts (MRDd15: 6×10e-4; MRDd29: 2×10e-5) were one log lower than in T-ALL (MRDd15: 9×10e-3; MRDd29: 3×10e-4). We detected no association between PVA Score and MRD level in BCP-ALL (correlation coefficient: r=0.15; p=0.15) and only a weak correlation in T-ALL pts (correlation coefficient: r=0.43; p=0.0003). When assessing the impact of the PVA Score on relapse free survival (RFS), in BCP-ALL only score 3+4 (good response) vs. 8+9 (poor response) was prognostically relevant (RFS 0.86±0.05 vs. 0.59±0.12; p=0.03), whereas in T-ALL no significant difference between these subgroups was found (RFS 0.71±0.1 vs. 0.68±0.1; p=0.62). In multivariate analysis PVA Score 3+4 vs. 8+9 remained the most relevant parameter for RFS in BCP-ALL (p=0.05) when compared to age and initial WBC. However, MRD levels were of even higher predictive power, especially at later time points: MRD negativity at d29 in BCP-ALL identified pts with significantly superior RFS (RFS MRD neg.: 0.9±0.05 vs. pos.: 0.7±0.05; p=0.003) and low MRD levels indicated a favorable outcome in T-ALL (RFS MRD &lt;10e-3: 0.89±0.05 vs. MRD &gt;10e-3: 0.68±0.07; p=0.001). Moreover, both BCP-ALL and T-ALL pts characterized by MRD levels &gt;10e-3 on d43 exhibited a poor outcome (RFS BCP-ALL: 0.42±0.17; RFS T-ALL: 0.47±0.14). MRD remained an independent marker in multivariate analysis including initial WBC and age, both in BCP- (MRDd29: p=0.006; MRDd43: p=0.001) and T-ALL (MRDd29: p=0.003; MRDd43: p=0.015). By multivariate analysis, in T-ALL low MRD levels on d29 predicted superior RFS independently from the PVA Score (MRD: p=0.002 vs. PVA: p=0.09), whereas in BPC-ALL these parameters were not completely independent from each other at that early time point (MRD: p= 0.059 vs. PVA: p= 0.063) but became independent at d43 (MRD: p= 0.018 vs. PVA: p= 0.253). While the predictive value of the PVA Score was limited to BCP-ALL, MRD was an independent prognostic marker for both BCP- and T-ALL and reliably identified pts at low and high risk for relapse.

scholarly journals Leisure-time physical activity as a protective factor for functional capacity loss in community dwelling elders

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Claudia Martins Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana Sañudo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Modifiable Factor

ABSTRACT Populational aging led to the emergence of chronic diseases, all potentially incapacitating, thus affecting functional capacity (FC) of elders. Despite health evidences in favour of having regular physical activity, the majority of elders are not sufficiently active. Baseline data of an urban elder cohort in Brazil showed that only 28% were active and 68% had some functional loss, a figure that went up to 73% among the inactives. FC was associated with a network of sociodemographic, health and behavioral factors. In a multivariate analysis, the inactives showed twice the odds of being severely dependent when compared to the actives. Noteworthy that inactivity is as a modifiable factor that might prevent FC loss. Longitudinal studies are needed to verify.

scholarly journals Association between Axial Length of the Eye and Length of Each Part of the Body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Shinojima ◽  
Toshihide Kurihara ◽  
Kiwako Mori ◽  
Yujiro Iwai ◽  
Akiko Hanyuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Spectralis Oct

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze axial length, body height, hand length, and foot length to find new factors that predict myopia and to identify gender differences as one of the factors of high myopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted as a single observation. Body height, hand length, and foot length were measured according to standard anthropometric methods. Axial length, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness were measured using the IOL Master 700 and the Heidelberg Spectralis-OCT. To account for body height differences among participants, foot length / body height and hand length / body height were analyzed using a mixed-effects model.Results: A total of 80 eyes (men, n=20, 40 eyes; women, n=20, 40 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age was 33.5 years (range 21-59 years, SD: 9.6). For choroidal thickness, there was a significant association with axial length in men (p<0.001) and a trend toward an association in women (p=0.072). There was also a significant association between foot length / body height and axial length in men (p=0.015), but not in women (p=0.58). These results suggest that factors that determine body height and foot length may be related to axial length, although they vary by gender.

scholarly journals Risk factors for sleep problems in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-91
Author(s):  
Hesti Lestari ◽  
Audrey Mety Iriani Wahani ◽  
Rocky Wilar ◽  
Permatami Herwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background Sleep disorders in infants can cause developmental problems, suboptimal growth, behavioral disorders, fatigue, irritability, impulsiveness, and poor mother-infant bonding. Objective To evaluate possible risk factors for sleep disorders in infants. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy infants aged 3-6 months. Subjects were selected using proportional random sampling from four different primary healthcare facilities in Manado, North Sulawesi. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep disorder was defined as the presence of one or more conditions including sleep duration less than 9 hours at night (from 19.00 until 07.00), waking up at night (from 22.00 until 06.00) more than 3 times, and more than 1 hour waking at night. Results Of 112 subjects, 58 (51.8%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 4.21 (SD 0.829) months and 76 (67.86%) experienced sleep disorders. Sleep disorders had significant associations with low socioeconomic status (OR 17; 95%CI 3.8 to 75.8), middle school or lower maternal education (OR 44.5; 95%CI 9.8 to 202), non-supine sleeping position (OR 8.8; 95%CI 1.9 to 39.7), parental use of electronic devices (OR 156.2; 95%CI 35.1 to 692.9), and non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 85.2; 95%CI 21.1 to 344.2). Correlative analyses also revealed that electronic media usage had the strongest association with sleep disorders, followed by breastfeeding pattern, maternal education, socioeconomic status, and sleeping position ( 0.839, 0.771, 0.624, 0.433, and 0.309, respectively).  However, there were no significant correlations upon  multivariate analysis. Conclusion Parental use of electronic media before sleeping is the strongest risk factor for sleep disorders among infants, followed by non-exclusive breastfeeding pattern, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and non-supine sleeping position. However, none of these correlations were significant upon multivariate analysis, this show that all these factors influence sleep together

scholarly journals Family functioning and dental trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e211883
Author(s):  
Adelaine Maria de Sousa ◽  
Thais Carine Lisboa Silva ◽  
Bruna de Carvalho Vaigel ◽  
Roberto Carlos Mourão Pinho ◽  
Renata Cimões
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate perceived family cohesion and adaptability and its association with trauma, malocclusion and anthropometry in school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 921 adolescents from 13 to 19 years old of both sexes, enrolled in state public schools of a northeastern Brazilian municipality. A questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, the FACES III scale was applied and a clinical oral examination (dental trauma and malocclusion) and anthropometric (BMI by age) were performed. For statistical analysis, was evaluated by the Chi-square test. The variables that presented significance in the bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to the multivariate analysis (multinomial logistic regression), variables that presented significance in bivariate analysis of up to 25% were taken to multivariate analysis and all conclusions were drawn considering the significance level of 5%. Results: As a result, it was identified that displaced families were associated with low maternal education, agglutinated families associated with the absence of caries. Rigid families were associated with marked overjet and caries. The prevalence of dental trauma (37.5%) was considered high. Conclusion: It was concluded that family cohesion and adaptability were associated with oral health and socioeconomic factors.

scholarly journals ketepatan waktu vaksinasi campak sebagai faktor preventif kejadian campak di Kota Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Anggraeni Budi Lestari ◽  
Mei Neni Sitaresmi ◽  
Tunjung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The City ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Timely measles vaccination as a preventive factor on measles occurrence in YogyakartaPurposeThis study aimed to see the relation of timely measles vaccination on measles occurrence.MethodsThis research was a matched case control study. A total of 33 cases and 33 controls were used as samples. Case subjects were toddlers aged 9-48 months with measles clinical symptoms (fever, rash and one of cough, cold/runny or conjunctivitis) who were diagnosed by clinic doctors and confirmed by laboratory (positive IgM) and children without measles (healthy) in the same period who came from the neighboring areas in the city of Yogyakarta as controls.ResultsBivariable analysis showed a significant correlation between timely measles vaccination with occurrence of measles disease where p = 0.0042 and OR = 7 (95% CI: 1.60-63.45). On multivariate analysis, after controlling by including gender and maternal education gained correlation between measles vaccination views of the value of p = 0.008, OR-8.2 (95% CI: 1.7-40.3), gender OR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.3-2.7 ) and maternal education OR = 1.96 (95% CI = 0.4-9.5).ConclusionThere was a correlation between timely measles vaccination with the occurrence of the disease of measles in the city of Yogyakarta.

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