scholarly journals Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Iranian Adults: Cross-Sectional Study Using Data from the 2016 STEPS Survey

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rozhin Amin ◽  
Ali-Asghar Kolahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Steps Survey

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This paper outlines the prevalence, disparities, and social determinants of preobesity and obesity in Iranian adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data on 28,321 adults who participated in the 2016 National Survey of the Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases (STEPS) survey were analyzed. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from physically measured height and weight. To assess the association between sociodemographic factors and the prevalence of preobesity and obesity, a χ<sup>2</sup> test and a logistic regression model were used. Socioeconomic inequality was quantified by a concentration index. Disparities in provincial mean BMI and concentration indices were shown on the map of Iran using geographic information system analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 60.3% of the participants were affected by preobesity or obesity. The preobesity prevalence was 39% in men and 35.2% in women. The obesity prevalence was 15.6% in men and 30.4% in women. The mean BMI for the country was 26.5. Higher ranges were observed across the northwestern and central territories. Female individuals in the age group 48–57 years who were married and lived in urban settings had an increased risk of being preobese or obese. The concentration index revealed a prorich inequality, with a greater magnitude among women. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing preobesity and obesity should remain a public health priority in Iran. However, a greater emphasis should be placed on the northwestern and central territories and on higher socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Coffee/Green Tea/Soft Drink Consumption on the Risk of Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Joong Seob Lee ◽  
Tae Jun Kim ◽  
Sung Kwang Hong ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and the frequency of coffee, tea, and soft drink consumption, based on data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) (2004–2016). We used the KoGES health examinee data, obtained from urban residents aged ≥ 40 years. Information on the participants’ medical history, nutrition (total calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake), frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, household income, and frequency of coffee/green tea/soft drink intake was collected. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the participant’s age and sex. Among 173,209 participants, there were 11,750 and 156,002 individuals with hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia controls, respectively. In an adjusted model, frequent coffee and green tea consumption did not increase the risk of hyperuricemia, compared to the “no intake” reference group. However, an adjusted odds ratio of hyperuricemia was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35, p < 0.001) for participants who reported consuming soft drinks ≥ 3 times per day, compared to the respective “no drink” reference group. Even after adjusting for nutritional and sociodemographic factors, frequent soft drink intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, neither coffee nor green tea intake was associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity in preschoolers: Prevalence and relation to food consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aretha Matos de Araujo ◽  
Socorro Adriana de Sousa Meneses Brandão ◽  
Marcos Antônio da Mota Araújo ◽  
Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota ◽  
Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Summary Objective: To determine overweight and obesity prevalence in preschool children from public education, and to determine their relation to food consumption. Method: Cross-sectional study with children aged between 2 and 5 years, of both sexes, enrolled at municipal day care centers. Socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric data were collected, in order to calculate the body mass index (BMI) for age. Data on food consumption were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were used at a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 548 children, 52% were male, with mean age of 4.2 years old. Most families had incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages (59.7%), in addition to 10 years (mothers) of education. Anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between sexes. According to the BMI-for-age, it was found that most of children were well-nourished (85.2%), 8.2% had the risk of becoming overweight, and 4.2% were overweight. The most consumed foods were: rice (100%), beans (99.4%), bread (98.5%), fruit (98.5%), red meat (97.1%), butter and margarine (95.4%), biscuits, cakes and sweet pies (94.1%), dairy products (94.1%), chocolate milk (91.7%), and soft drinks (90.2%). Consumed foods that were strongly correlated (r > 0.7) to the risk of/excess weight were, as follows: bread; biscuits, cakes, sweet pies; dairy products; chocolate milk; sausages. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of overweight and absence of obesity among the population assessed. The risk of overweight was greater among girls. Data from the study showed deviations in food consumption.

scholarly journals Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Renata Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Marcela Melquíades ◽  
Maria Alvim Leite ◽  
Maíra Barros Louro ◽  
Carmen Perches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). RESULTS: Most participants (52.2%) had MS and high cardiovascular risk. The fasting glycemia was abnormal in 30.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and WC (r = 0.90; p = 0.0001), %BF (r = 0.79; p = 0.0001), CI (r = 0.65; p = 0.0001), glycemia (r = 0.42; p = 0.04) and TG (r = 0.47; p = 0.002). The CI presented positive correction with insulin (r = 0.60; p = 0.001), glycemia (r = 0.55; p = 0.007), TG (r = 0.54; p = 0.008) and %BF (r = 0.43; p = 0.004). Patients with longer duration of smoking had a higher risk of developing MS (OR = 9.6, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The smokers evaluated had increased risk for developing MS, especially those with longer duration of smoking, requiring urgent smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness about Obesity Complications in Pregnancy among Reproductive Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
S. MiSudharshan ◽  
. Annejohncy
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: obesity in general predisposes expected to various noncommunicable diseases but its awareness in regards to the complications posed by it in reproductive women is underseen. Methods: cross sectional study using an structured questionnaire. Goal: To access the knowledge and awareness about complications of obesity in pregnancy among reproductive women Statistical Analysis Used: Data was entered in excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: Majority of the participants [129 (86%)] knew that obesity affects reproductive health causing problem problems like just gestational diabetes mellitus GDM [ 136 (90.6%)], difficulties during labour, higher Chance of Caesarean [91(60.6)] section, Increased risk for hypertension [120 (80%)] infertility [ 53 (35.3%)], during pregnancy. Almost all of them know That obesity can increase problems in pregnancy for both mother and for the baby. Majority of them we are not sure if obesity causes increased chance of Foetal malformations [75 (50.2%)] Increased bleeding after delivery [103 (68.8%)] Most of them don’t know that obesity can cause increased bleeding after delivery, stillbirth [125 (83.3%)], miscarriage [111(74%)], difficulties in Ultrasound examination of the abdomen [81 (54%) ]Most of them thought that obesity does not cause difficulties in measuring BP [79 (52.6)], delivery of big baby [98 (65.3%) ], premature delivery [56 (37.3%)]. Conclusion: Generating Awareness about obesity and its complications in pregnancy is required to prevent those complications in future and bring behavioural and lifestyle modification for sustainability in the long run.

scholarly journals Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Not Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Lebanese Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Cecile Borgi ◽  
Mandy Taktouk ◽  
Mona Nasrallah ◽  
Hussain Isma’eel ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Index

High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were suggested to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to estimate dietary GI and GL in a sample of healthy Lebanese adults and examine their association with MetS and its individual abnormalities. The study uses data from a community-based survey of 501 Lebanese urban adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Subjects with previous diagnosis of chronic disease, metabolic abnormalities, or with incomplete data or implausible energy intakes were excluded, yielding a sample of 283. Participants were grouped into quartiles of GI and GL. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Average dietary GI and GL were estimated at 59.9 ± 8 and 209.7 ± 100.3. Participants belonging to the highest GI quartile were at increased risk of having MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.251, 95% CI:1.120–4.525) but this association lost significance with further adjustments. Those belonging to the second quartile of GI had significantly lower odds of having hyperglycemia (OR: 0.380, 95% CI:0.174–0.833). No associations were detected between GL and MetS. The study contributes to the body of evidence discussing the relationship between GI, GL, and MetS, in a nutrition transition context.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prevalence of obesity among bus drivers of Metropolitan Transport Corporation Limited, Chennai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikaladevi S. Singaravel ◽  
Elayaraja K. Kandaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Background: The job of bus driving involves several health risks. Both individual behaviours and work environmental variables contribute to higher obesity prevalence and risk of excess weight gain in this occupational group. This study has been planned to study the prevalence of obesity among bus drivers and to make recommendations to prevent obesity among bus drivers. Methods: The study was planned among bus drivers of the bus depots of Metropolitan Transport Corporation Limited, Chennai between January 2014 and June 2014. The sample size was calculated based on the assumption where the prevalence was 50%. Considering Confidence level of 95%, absolute precision of 5% with 10% excess sampling to account for non- response, the sample size derived was 422. Multistage sampling method was used. The required information was obtained by means of validated questionnaire and also by anthropometric measurements. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42.32yrs. 41% of respondents were overweight. 14.5% of the respondents were found to be obese. Of the obese 22.7% were in the age group of above 50 yrs. There was found to be a statistical significance between age and obesity with a chi square value of 13.60 and a p value of less than 0.001. Conclusions: There was a significant association between age and obesity among bus drivers. There was also vast scope to avoid health risk factors by routine exercise, having regular diet and rest. With the help of experts of yoga, meditation, physical educationist, gymnasium experts etc. the drivers may be given counselling as to how to maintain the body mass index. 

scholarly journals OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134
Author(s):  
Mariam Mohammad Al-Rasheedy ◽  
◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽  
Raad Mohammad Almalki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background:Over last few decades, obesity has become a serious point of concern. The prevalence rate is continuously rising both in the developed and developing countries. Obesity not only has phycological effect on the individuals but is also associated with an increased risk of developing range of metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disorders. Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity in children and the type of diseases associated with it. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between July to September, 2020. The target audience was the parents of children who were overweight.The questionnaire was designed to primarily gather information related to socio-demographic characteristics and correlation of obesity with the diseases. The questionnaire comprised of total number of 14 questions. The responses were recorded and evaluated through the application of scientific algorithms. Results and Discussions:It was established, that out of the total sample size of 346, around 38% of children were obese and were suffering rom associated comorbid diseases, ranging from anxiety, depression, eating disorder, social isolation, lower education attainment, asthma, constipation, flat feet, backpain, Type 1 and 2 diabetes and precocious puberty. Conclusion:The study presented a worrisome situation of escalating trends of obesity prevalence in children, along with the associated non- communicable diseases. There is need to introduce awareness campaigns along with the measures to promote people to adopt the healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity among stroke patients in five Brazilian cities: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Speckhahn Vicente ◽  
Norberto Luiz Cabral ◽  
Vivian Nagel ◽  
Vanessa V Guesser ◽  
Juliana Safanelli
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

ABSTRACT Objective There is gap in knowledge about obesity prevalence in stroke patients from low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among patients with incident stroke in Brazil. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we measured the body mass index (BMI) of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The sample was extracted in 2016, from the cities of Sobral (CE), Sertãozinho (SP), Campo Grande (MS), Joinville (SC) and Canoas (RS). Results In 1,255 patients with first-ever strokes, 64% (95% CI, 62–67) were overweight and 26% (95%CI, 24–29) were obese. The obesity prevalence ranged from 15% (95%CI, 9–23) in Sobral to 31% (95%CI, 18–45) in Sertãozinho. Physical inactivity ranged from 53% (95%CI, 43-63) in Sobral to 80% (95%CI, 73–85) in Canoas. Conclusions The number of overweight patients with incident stroke is higher than the number of patients with stroke and normal BMI. Although similar to other findings in high-income countries, we urgently need better policies for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Obesity among School Students and its Relation to Dietary and Physical Habits

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Aljuaid ◽  
Faisal M. Albaqami ◽  
Hassan D. Alasmari ◽  
Bassam A. Alzaidi ◽  
Abdullah D. Al-shehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that unhealthy food practices and lack of exercise are the main cause of the progressive increase in the obesity prevalence. AIM: We aim to assess the prevalence of obesity among school students and its relationship to dietary and physical habits. METHODS: A cross-sectional study from 18 intermediate and high schools located in Taif, Saudi Arabia, between April 2014 and June 2015. We excluded any student with a psychological disease or chronic diseases. We calculated the body mass index (BMI) of students by measuring their height and weight. Dietary, physical, sleep habits, and socioeconomic status were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 2943 students participated with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.7 years. The majority of these were boys and attending government schools with a mean BMI 22.7 ± 8.6 kg/m2. Overall, 13.6% were overweight and 12.8% were obese. One-third of students report a sedentary lifestyle. Compared to girls, boys were more likely to have lower BMI (p < 0.001), be overweight (p < 0.001), exercise for >300 min/week (p < 0.001), own electronic devices other than smartphone (p < 0.001), use the electronic devices <3 h/day (p = 0.007), eat their meals with their family (p < 0.001), eat fruits and vegetables daily (p < 0.05), exercise for >300 min/week (p < 0.001), and walk to and from school at least once weekly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A quarter of the students were either overweight or obese. Girls were more likely to be obese with less favorable socioeconomic, media consumption, dietary, and physical profiles.

scholarly journals Blood Lead Levels and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Children Aged 3 to 14 Years Living near Zinc and Lead Mines in Two Provinces in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thi Giang Hoang ◽  
Quang Phuc Tran ◽  
Van Tung Lo ◽  
Ngoc Hai Doan ◽  
Thu Ha Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Lead poisoning in children is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 403 children aged from 3 to 14 years living nearly zinc–lead mining areas in two provinces in Vietnam (Bac Kan and Thai Nguyen) from 06/2016 to 10/2016 to identify risk factors for lead contamination. Results. The proportion of children with blood   lead   levels   BLLs ≥ 10  μg/dL was 80.51% in Bac Kan and 50% in Thai Nguyen; the mean blood lead level for children was 14.41 ± 9.42  μg/dL. In linear regression analyses, the body mass index was negatively associated with elevated BLLs with r = − 0.404 , p < 0.05 (95% CI: -0.801, -0.006). In multivariable regression analysis, several risk factors were associated with lead contamination including male sex ( aOR = 2.44 , 95% CI: 1.13-5.24, p = 0.02 ), play areas in Bac Kan ( aOR = 2.3 (1.02-5.17), p = 0.04 ), proximity of children’s home of less than 2 kilometers from the mine ( aOR = 2.90 (1.54-5.44), p = 0.001 ), and inattentive symptoms in Thai Nguyen ( aOR = 7.85 , 95% CI 3.49-17.69, p = 0.001 ). Environmental factors, including lead concentrations in the soil and ambient air samples in both locations, are many times higher than Vietnamese standards.

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