scholarly journals Implementation of modular MPPT algorithm for energy harvesting embedded and IoT applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Krishnaveni Kommuri ◽  
Venkata Ratnam Kolluru
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Self Powered

The establishment of the latest IoT systems available today such as smart cities, smart buildings, and smart homes and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are let the main design restriction on the inadequate supply of battery power. Hence proposing a solar-based photovoltaic (PV) system which is designed DC-DC buck-boost converter with an improved modular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The output voltage depends on the inductor, capacitor values, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switching frequency, and duty cycle. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of min ripple current/voltage and improved efficiency at PV array output, to store DC power. The stored DC power will be used for smart IoT systems. From the simulation results, the current ripples are observed to be minimized from 0.062 A to 0.02 A maintaining the duty cycle at 61.09 for switching frequencies ranges from 300 kHz to 10 MHz at the input voltage 48 V and the output voltage in buck mode 24 V, boost mode 100 V by maintaining constant 99.7 efficiencies. The improvised approach is compared to various existed techniques. It is noticed that the results are more useful for the self-powered Embedded & Internet of Things systems.

scholarly journals A Stable DC Power Supply for Photovoltaic Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Dc Power Supply

The use of solar energy as source of power is becoming not a choice but a necessity due to the unprecedented growth in the demand and consumption of electrical power for various applications. The solar power from the Photovoltaic (PV) systems is currently used as a standalone PV system or integrated with the electric grid. However, the generated DC power from PV systems is not stable due to weather, atmospheric and environmental conditions, which requires the design of a DC power supply to produce a stable and regulated DC voltage output. In this paper, a new design of power supply is presented that provides a stable output voltage (Vout = +12 V, 0 V, -12V) over significant range of input voltage variations (Vin = +15 V to +50 V) emulating the variation of output voltage of PV systems. The stabilization of the output voltage reflects the effectiveness of the proposed design for photovoltaic systems applications. The system is simulated using NI-MULTISIM software. A satisfactory simulation result is obtained showing a strong promise to practically implement using discrete components.

scholarly journals Two-Switch High Gain Non-Isolated Cuk Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6362-6367
Author(s):  
Y. Almalaq ◽  
M. Matin
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Cuk Converter ◽  
Voltage Stress ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Conduction Mode

This paper introduces a two-switch high gain non-isolated Cuk converter which can be used as a high gain DC-DC converter in renewable energy, such as photovoltaic and fuel cell, applications because their output is low. As the conventional, the proposed Cuk converter provides negative output voltage but with a higher voltage in magnitude. The main advantage of the proposed converter is having lower voltage stress with the ability to maintain a higher voltage gain. By combining a switched-inductor and a switched-capacitor into the conventional Cuk converter, the proposed Cuk converter has the ability to reach 13 times the input voltage for a duty cycle D of 0.75. Also, by attaching more switched-inductors to the proposed Cuk converter, more voltage gain can be achieved. A complete theoretical analysis of the Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) of the proposed Cuk converter is presented and the key aspects of the circuit design have been derived. Also, a comparison in terms of voltage gain and voltage stress between the proposed Cuk converter and Cuk converters using other techniques is presented. The proposed Cuk converter has been designed for 100W rated power, -152V output voltage, 50kHz switching frequency, and 75% duty cycle. The presented converter is simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals An Optimized PV Control System Based on the Emperor Penguin Optimizer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Mariam A. Sameh ◽  
Mostafa I. Marei ◽  
M. A. Badr ◽  
Mahmoud A. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Emperor Penguin ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

During the day, photovoltaic (PV) systems are exposed to different sunlight conditions in addition to partial shading (PS). Accordingly, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have become essential for PV systems to secure harvesting the maximum possible power from the PV modules. In this paper, optimized control is performed through the application of relatively newly developed optimization algorithms to PV systems under Partial Shading (PS) conditions. The initial value of the duty cycle of the boost converter is optimized for maximizing the amount of power extracted from the PV arrays. The emperor penguin optimizer (EPO) is proposed not only to optimize the initial setting of duty cycle but to tune the gains of controllers used for the boost converter and the grid-connected inverter of the PV system. In addition, the performance of the proposed system based on the EPO algorithm is compared with another newly developed optimization technique based on the cuttlefish algorithm (CFA). Moreover, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a reference algorithm to compare results with both EPO and CFA. PSO is chosen since it is an old, well-tested, and effective algorithm. For the evaluation of performance of the proposed PV system using the proposed algorithms under different PS conditions, results are recorded and introduced.

scholarly journals Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Control DC–DC Converter for Light Electric Vehicle Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Bor-Ren Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Battery Charger ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Transportation Vehicle

In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the high-voltage side and two variable winding sets on the output side to achieve wide output voltage operation for a universal LEV battery charger. The input terminal of the presented converter is a from DC microgrid with voltage levels of 380, 760, or 1500 V for house, industry plant, or DC transportation vehicle demands, respectively. To reduce voltage stresses on active devices, a cascade circuit structure with less voltage rating on power semiconductors is used on the primary side. Two resonant capacitors were selected on the resonant tank, not only to achieve the two input voltage balance problem but also to realize the resonant operation to control load voltage. By using the variable switching frequency approach to regulate load voltage, active switches are turned on with soft switching operation to improve converter efficiency. In order to achieve wide output voltage capability for universal battery charger demands such as scooters, electric motorbikes, Li-ion e-trikes, golf carts, luxury golf cars, and quad applications, two variable winding sets were selected to have a wide voltage output (50~160 V). Finally, experiments with a 1 kW rated prototype were demonstrated to validate the performance and benefits of presented converter.

scholarly journals High-Flexibility MPPT Techniques with Communication Scan Network for PV Micro-Grid System

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Yu-Kai Chen ◽  
Hong-Wen Hsu ◽  
Chau-Chung Song ◽  
Yu-Syun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
In Series ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
High Flexibility

This paper proposes the design and implementation of inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converters with modules connected in series with the power scan method and communication scan network (CSN) to achieve MPPT and regulate the output voltage for the PV micro-grid system. The Dc/Dc converters includes six isolated LLC modules in series to supply ±380 V output voltage and track the maximum power point of the PV system. The series LLC converters are adopted to achieve high efficiency and high flexibility for the PV micro-grid system. The proposed global maximum power scan technique is implemented to achieve global maximum power tracking by adjusting the switching frequency of the LLC converter. To improve the system flexibility and achieve system redundancy, module failure can be detected in real time with a communication scan network, and then the output voltage of other modules will be changed by adjusting the switching frequency to maintain the same voltage as before the failure. Additionally, the proposed communication scan network includes the RS-485 interface of the MPPT series module and the CAN BUS communication interface with other subsystems’ communication for the PV micro-grid application system. Finally, a 6 kW MPPT prototype with a communication scan network is implemented and the proposed control method is verified for the PV system.

scholarly journals Step-Up Series Resonant DC–DC Converter with Bidirectional-Switch-Based Boost Rectifier for Wide Input Voltage Range Photovoltaic Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abualkasim Bakeer ◽  
Andrii Chub ◽  
Dmitri Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Resonant

This paper proposes a high gain DC–DC converter based on the series resonant converter (SRC) for photovoltaic (PV) applications. This study considers low power applications, where the resonant inductance is usually relatively small to reduce the cost of the converter realization, which results in low-quality factor values. On the other hand, these SRCs can be controlled at a fixed switching frequency. The proposed topology utilizes a bidirectional switch (AC switch) to regulate the input voltage in a wide range. This study shows that the existing topology with a bidirectional switch has a limited input voltage regulation range. To avoid this issue, the resonant tank is rearranged in the proposed converter to the resonance capacitor before the bidirectional switch. By this rearrangement, the dependence of the DC voltage gain on the duty cycle is changed, so the proposed converter requires a smaller duty cycle than that of the existing counterpart at the same gain. Theoretical analysis shows that the input voltage regulation range is extended to the region of high DC voltage gain values at the maximum input current. Contrary to the existing counterpart, the proposed converter can be realized with a wide range of the resonant inductance values without compromising the input voltage regulation range. Nevertheless, the proposed converter maintains advantages of the SRC, such as zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on of the primary-side semiconductor switches. In addition, the output-side diodes are turned off at zero current. The proposed converter is analyzed and compared with the existing counterpart theoretically and experimentally. A 300 W experimental prototype is used to validate the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter. The peak efficiency of the converter is 96.5%.

Research on Photovoltaic Industry with the MPPT Algorithm in PV System

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Shi Die Shen ◽  
Wei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Variable Step ◽  
Power Point

In this paper, photovoltaic industry is introduced briefly. For the shortcomings of the fixed-step perturbation and observation (P&O) method in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology, a variable-step P&O method is proposed and the algorithm is further improved. In the PV system, the MPPT is realized by changing the duty cycle of switching tube in the Boost converter. The simulations were conducted in the Matlab/Simulink platform. At last, the experimental results on the 3kw prototype showed that the new MPPT algorithm is effective.

scholarly journals Optimization of PFC SEPIC Converter Parameters Design for Minimization of THD and Voltage Ripple

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. R. Noor ◽  
A. Ponniran ◽  
M. A. Z. A. Rashid ◽  
A. A. Bakar ◽  
J. N. Jumadril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Voltage Ripple ◽  
Voltage Variation ◽  
Balancing Energy ◽  
Energy Compensation

This paper discusses the current total harmonic distortion (THDi) and voltage ripple minimization of SEPIC converter based on parameters design optimization. This conventional PFC SEPIC converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode in order to achieve almost unity power factor. The passive components, i.e., inductor and capacitor are designed based on switching frequency and resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the ranges of duty cycle for buck and boost operations are between 0<D<0.5 and 0.5<D<1, respectively, for the output voltage variation of the converter. The principle of the parameters design optimization is based on the balancing energy compensation between the input capacitor and output inductor. The experimental results show that, the current THD is reduced to 2.66% from 70.9% after optimization process is conducted. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the output voltage ripple frequency is always double from the input line frequency, fL = 2foutand the output voltage ripple is always lower than the maximum input voltage ripple. Therefore, the designed parameters of the experimental converter is confirmed with approximately 65 W of the converter output power.

scholarly journals Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Improvement using DC-DC Boost Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Khairunnisa ◽  
Syaiful Rachman ◽  
Edi Yohanes ◽  
Awan Uji Krismanto ◽  
Jazuli Fadil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Constant Output

Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) can be operated in any direction of wind speed, but it has low rotation. To improve the performance of VAWT in which low rotation, this paper presents a simple control strategy of VAWT using a DC-DC boost converter to tap constant voltage in a standalone application. The main objective of this research is to maintain a constant output voltage of converter despite variation input voltage affected by variable wind speed. A simple proportional-integral (PI) controller has been used for a DC-DC boost converter and tested in MATLAB-Simulink environment, with the closed-loop system of the converter maintain constant output voltage although the wind speed is kept changing. The PI controller obtains the feedback from the output voltage of the boost converter to produce the correct pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle and trigger the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) following the reference voltage of the turbine. This system has suppressed the value of overshoot and increased the efficiency of wind turbines as 34 %.

Improvement Strategy of Load Regulation of Boosting Power Supply Based on PID Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Pei Zheng Li ◽  
Zhi Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Voltage Divider ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Pid Algorithm ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Load Regulation ◽  
Dc Power Supply

As one of the most important parameters of Direct Current (DC) power supply, Load regulation determines the performance of whole system. In this paper, the internal structure as well as performance parameters of LM2577 boosting converter were deeply investigated and based on this investigation we proposed two new methods of improving its Load Regulation. One method (method 1) is to replace the resistor connected to the feedback pin of LM2577 with a programmable potentiometer and sample the variation of output voltage using an AD converter. The potentiometer is adjusted under the control of feedback algorithm to keep the output voltage stable, thus the load regulation enhanced. In the other method (method 2), the feedback pin of LM2577 is connected to an adder to stabilize the output voltage of DC power supply and increase the load regulation. A voltage divider made up of resistors divides the output voltage and provide the divided voltage to one input of the adder. The other adder input comes from DA converter controlled by microcontroller. To reduce the adjust time and increase the efficiency, PID algorithm is applied in the software part of the system. We use 12-bit AD (ADS1115), 12-bit DA (TLV 5638) and 10-bit programmable potentiometer (AD5293) to test the methods above under the condition of 5V input voltage and 600mA load current. When output is set to 7V, the load regulation is improved from 1.043%, the rate from application circuit in LM2577’s Datasheet, to 0.700% and 0.042% by applying the first and second method, respectively. When output voltage equals 12V, the improvement is from 0.658% to 0.008% and 0.008%. Meanwhile, the method 2 suppresses output voltage ripple to be less than 10mV.

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