Normal and abnormal red blood cell recognition using image processing

<p>In medical field, the recognition of red blood cells (RBC) are used as an indicator to detect the type of diseases such as anaemia, malaria and leukaemia etc. The problems using manual detection of normal and abnormal RBCs under the microscope is tend to give inaccurate result and errors. This paper proposed a method to recognize the normal and abnormal shaped RBCs image by using Form Factor as feature descriptor. Detecting normal cells of RBCs indicate a healthy patient and abnormal cells indicate presence of disease. And is very important in medical field to detect abnormal condition in early stage because it saves and protects human lives. The patients waiting time for blood test is more because the time taking to generate the result of the patient is high due to high demand and less equipment this method is used in order to improve the accuracy of the existing one and 94% accuracy was achieved in the detection.</p>

Download Full-text

Novel Multiparametric Quantitative Immunocytomorphological Characterisation of Human Bone Marrow Precursor Differentiation and of Haematopoietic Neoplasms Using ImageStream® Cytometry

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.4871.4871 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 4871-4871

Author(s):

Catherine Claude Martin ◽

Chantal Jayat-Vignoles ◽

Jean-Luc Faucher ◽

Thaddeus George ◽

Vidya Venkatachalam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Blood Cells ◽

High Speed ◽

Tumour Cells ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Normal Bone Marrow ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Normal Bone ◽

Abnormal Cells

Abstract The ImageStream technology performs high speed acquisition of brightfield, laser scatter and up to four fluorescent images per cell for several thousands of cells in suspension, thereby enabling simultaneous immunophenotyping and morphology-based measurements. This is the only technology combining cytology and flow cytometry in one single platform. Our aim was to study normal and tumour cells of the haematopoietic lineage with this new technology in order to improve diagnosis of haematological disorders. We have defined cytomorphological criteria of normal bone marrow (n=4) and circulating blood cells (n=40). Cells were multi-colour labelled with both DRAQ5 nuclear stain and CD45 ECD-mAb, and additionally labeled with a combination of mAbs against either CD3/CD19, CD11b/CD16, CD14/CRTH2, or CD71/CD235. Results for normal cells were compared to those obtained by classical cytometry and cytology. We then applied these criteria to samples with patients with circulating leukemic cells, including 1 myelodysplatic syndrome (MDS), 1 myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS), 3 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 2 follicular lymphomas (FL) and 20 chronic lymphocytic lymphomas (CLL). We have created completely new quantitative cytomorphological criteria for classifying blood cells using parameters that measure cellular size and shape, nuclear to cytoplasmic area ratio, nuclear lobe count, SSC texture, the ratio between the size and the major axis of CD45, the ratio between the intensity and the compactness of SSC signal, and the intensity of DRAQ5 labelling, to name a few. Using these criteria, we have characterised normal bone marrow differentiation and normal circulating blood cells. We have obtained a perfect correlation with classical cytology and flow cytometry. Analysis of pathological samples showed that abnormal cells were recognized in all cases. We found an abnormal blast cell compartment and an abnormal monocytic differentiation branch in the case of MDS. We have also defined specific cytomorphological properties that distinguish ALL, FL and CLL tumour cells from normal cells. We also provide data that enumerates the proportion of large cells, of atypical CLL cells and of cells in the G2/M phase. Altogether, these results show that a technology combining cytology and flow cytometry in a single platform leads to the discovery of completely new and quantitative cytomorphological parameters defining each stage of normal cell and each category of abnormal cells of the haematopoietic lineage, opening completely new perspectives for the diagnosis of haematopoietic neoplasms.

Download Full-text

Platelets as messengers of early-stage cancer

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews ◽

10.1007/s10555-021-09956-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Siamack Sabrkhany ◽

Marijke J. E. Kuijpers ◽

Mirjam G. A. oude Egbrink ◽

Arjan W. Griffioen

Keyword(s):

Tumor Angiogenesis ◽

Blood Test ◽

Early Stage ◽

Human Studies ◽

Early Stage Cancer ◽

Reciprocal Interaction ◽

Early Stages ◽

New Strategy ◽

Mrna Content

AbstractPlatelets have an important role in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. The reciprocal interaction between cancer and platelets results in changes of several platelet characteristics. It is becoming clear that analysis of these platelet features could offer a new strategy in the search for biomarkers of cancer. Here, we review the human studies in which platelet characteristics (e.g., count, volume, protein, and mRNA content) are investigated in early-stage cancer. The main focus of this paper is to evaluate which platelet features are suitable for the development of a blood test that could detect cancer in its early stages.

Download Full-text

THE ISOELECTRIC POINT OF RED BLOOD CELLS AND ITS RELATION TO AGGLUTINATION

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.3.3.309 ◽

1921 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 309-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Calvin B. Coulter

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Isoelectric Point ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Immune Serum ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽

Alkaline Side ◽

Chlorine Ions

1. The movement of normal and sensitized red blood cells in the electric field is a function of the hydrogen ion concentration. The isoelectric point, at which no movement occurs, corresponds with pH 4.6. 2. On the alkaline side of the isoelectric point the charge carried is negative and increases with the alkalinity. On the acid side the charge is positive and increases with the acidity. 3. On the alkaline side at least the charge carried by sensitized cells is smaller and increases less rapidly with the alkalinity than the charge of normal cells. 4. Both normal and sensitized cells combine chemically with inorganic ions, and the isoelectric point is a turning point for this chemical behavior. On the acid side the cells combine with the hydrogen and chlorine ions, and in much larger amount than on the alkaline side; on the alkaline side the cells combine with a cation (Ba), and in larger amount than on the acid side. This behavior corresponds with that found by Loeb for gelatin. 5. The optimum for agglutination of normal cells is at pH 4.75, so that at this point the cells exist most nearly pure, or least combined with anion and cation. 6. The optimum for agglutination of sensitized cells is at pH 5.3. This point is probably connected with the optimum for flocculation of the immune serum body.

Download Full-text

‘Nucleated red blood cells’ as hypoxia marker in clinical analysis of blood in patients with coronavirus infection

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-13-23-24 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-24

Author(s):

O. Yu. Dorn ◽

F. M. Orifova ◽

E. G. Stepanova

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Blood Test ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Hypoxic Stress ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽

Hypoxia Marker ◽

Coronavirus Infection

Assessment of the condition of a patient with coronavirus infection is an urgent problem in clinical practice. The parameter ’nucleated erythrocytes’ in a clinical blood test can be used in clinical practice as a marker of hypoxia in case of lung damage, since it objectively reflects the consequences of acute hypoxic stress in the patient’s body.

Download Full-text

Red blood cell classification using image processing and CNN

10.1101/2020.05.16.087239 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mamata Anil Parab ◽

Ninad Dileep Mehendale

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Human Error ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Health Issues ◽

Medical Field ◽

Blood Slide ◽

Cell Image ◽

Segmented Cell ◽

Wrong Interpretation

AbstractIn the medical field, the analysis of the blood sample of the patient is a critical task. Abnormalities in blood cells are accountable for various health issues. Red blood cells (RBCs) are one of the major components of blood. Classifying the RBC can allow us to diagnose different diseases. The traditional time consuming technique of visualizing RBC manually under the microscope is a tedious task and may lead to wrong interpretation because of the human error. The various health conditions can change the shape, texture, and size of normal RBCs. The proposed method has involved the use of image processing to classify the RBCs with the help of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN). The algorithm can extract the feature of each segmented cell image and classify it in various types as Microcytes, Elliptocytes, Stomatocytes, Macrocytes, Teardrop RBCs, Codocytes, Spherocytes, Sickel cell RBCs and Howell jolly RBCs. Classification is done with respect to the size, shape, and appearance of RBCs. The experiment was conducted on the blood slide collected from the hospital and RBC images were extracted from those blood slide images. The obtained results compared with reports obtained by the pathology lab and realized 98.5% accuracy. The developed system provides accurate and fast results due to which it may save the life of patients.

Download Full-text

Validation of a high performing blood test for multiple major cancer screenings.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10561-10561

Author(s):

Linhao Xu ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Weifeng Ma ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Sihui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Screening ◽

Blood Test ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Early Stage ◽

Stage I ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Data Set ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Stage Stage

10561 Background: Early detection at the localized stage is pivotal for the successful treatment of various cancer types. Although several cancers already have routine screening approaches, the comprehensive utilities are impeded for various reasons, e.g., low accuracy, high cost, limited availability of required facilities, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, an accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive test for multiple major cancer screening is in high demand. We previously reported a cfDNA methylation test, which can detect five major cancer types with high specificity and sensitivity, especially at the early stage (stage I). These five major cancers, including lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), and esophageal cancer (EC), account for 56% of new cancer cases and 60% of cancer-related deaths yearly in China. Here, we report the result in an independent cohort as a further validation of this multi-cancer screening test. Methods: The high-throughput targeted methylation profiling platform, Aurora, was used to analyze the plasma samples from an independent retrospective cohort containing 505 healthy controls and ̃200 cases for each cancer type. A locked model based on our previous pilot study (reported in AACR 2020 and 2021) was applied to this data set to assess the overall performance. Results: The Area Under Curves (AUC) of the classifier for LC, BC, CRC, GC and EC are 97.3%, 96.2%, 92.0%, 94.0% and 93.5%, respectively. At a fixed specificity of 99%, the sensitivities for LC, BC, CRC, GC and EC are 84%, 75%, 82%, 85% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions: A methylation blood test for five major cancer screening has been validated in a large retrospective cohort. Its high sensitivity for each cancer type, especially at the early stage (stage I), and easy to use suggests it can be implemented in real clinical world. A large prospective clinical trial is undergoing to further validate this test in asymptomatic populations.

Download Full-text

Evolutionary implications of Leishmania amastigotes in circulating blood cells of lizards

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000053725 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 317-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. R. Telford

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vertebrate Host ◽

North Central ◽

Infection Focus ◽

Leishmania Amastigotes ◽

The Mean

SUMMARYAmastigotes of 2 Leishmania species are reported from the Pakistani lizards Teratoscincus scincus (Gekkonidae) and Agama agilis (Agamidae) collected in western Baluchistan and north-central Sind, respectively. Parasites were seen only in blood cells, primarily within thrombocytes, and were detected on smears of peripheral blood. Slides made at 3-day intervals for 38 days from an infected hatchling T. scincus demonstrated an increase with time in the mean number of amastigotes/infected thrombocyte. No evidence of an infection focus in fixed cells of the viscera was found. It is suggested, in view of reports of amastigotes in circulating blood cells of hosts belonging to 5 genera, collected in 5 countries from India to France, that saurian Leishmania may behave simply as parasites of circulating blood cells, thus illustrating an early stage in the adaptation of leishmanias to the vertebrate host.

Download Full-text

Hyperplasia: The spread of abnormal cells through a plane lattice

Advances in Applied Probability ◽

10.2307/1426160 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 210-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Trevor Williams ◽

Rolf Bjerknes

Keyword(s):

Basement Membrane ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Basal Layer ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Daughter Cells ◽

Plane Lattice ◽

Abnormal Cells ◽

A Cell

When a basal cell divides, both daughter cells remain in the basal layer of the epithelium, with one of the neighbouring cells being pushed out to make room. This fact opens the possibility that a cell with a heritable advantage over the normal cells may gradually produce a clone covering more and more of the basal layer. The advantage in question may consist in a faster rate of division than normal, or a more tenacious hold on the basement membrane; we shall limit consideration to the former situation.

Download Full-text

The approximate formulas predicting personal somatic telomere length using patient blood test data

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2019-0262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (11) ◽

pp. 1090-1093

Author(s):

Toyoki Maeda ◽

Takahiko Horiuchi ◽

Naoki Makino

Keyword(s):

Telomere Length ◽

Test Data ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Blood Test ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Biological Aging ◽

Differential Prediction ◽

Test Items ◽

Peripheral Leukocytes

Biological aging underlies lifestyle-related diseases. It can be assessed by measuring personal somatic cell telomere length. However, measuring the telomere length is laborious, and its clinical surrogate parameters have not been developed. This study analyzed the correlation between telomere length in peripheral leukocytes and laboratory data to select test items relating closely to biological aging. We established formulas from these clinical data to predict the personal telomere length. The subjects were patients having visited Kyushu University Beppu Hospital from 2012 to 2015. Two hundred and thirty-two patients were enrolled. The blood data were collected and telomere lengths were measured by Southern blotting method. The patients showed significant correlations between the telomere length and several blood test data with a sex-related difference. Candidate formulas are as follows: Predicted telomere length (kb) in men = 8.59 − 0.037 × Age (years) + 0.024 × Hemoglobin (g/dL); Predicted telomere length (kb) in women = 4.83 − 0.019 × Age (years) + 0.23 × Albumin (g/dL) + 0.0001 × White blood cells (/mm3) + 0.0020 × Red blood cells (× 104/mm3) + 0.0032 × Total cholesterol (mg/dL). Thus, the derived formulas allow for the accurate differential prediction of telomeric length in male and female patients.

Download Full-text

Protein 4.2 is critical to CD47-membrane skeleton attachment in human red cells

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2003-04-1331 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 1131-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Kris Noel Dahl ◽

Ranganath Parthasarathy ◽

Connie M. Westhoff ◽

D. Mark Layton ◽

Dennis E. Discher

Keyword(s):

Membrane Protein ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Integral Membrane Protein ◽

Membrane Skeleton ◽

Band 3 ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Protein 4.2 ◽

Human Red Cells

Abstract The reduction in expression of the integral membrane protein CD47 in human red blood cells (RBCs) deficient in protein 4.2 suggests that protein 4.2 may mediate a linkage of CD47 to the membrane skeleton. We compared the fractions of membrane skeleton-attached CD47, Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG), Rh, and band 3 in normal and protein 4.2-deficient cells using fluorescence-imaged microdeformation. We found that CD47 attachment decreases from 55% in normal cells to 25% to 35% in 4.2-deficient cells. RhAG, which has been shown to have no significant variation in expression among the cells studied, shows a significant decrease in membrane skeleton attachment in 4.2-deficient cells from 60% to 40%. Both Rh and band 3, which have also been shown to have no change in expression, show a smaller decrease from 75% attached in normal RBCs to 55% attached in 4.2-deficient cells. In normal cells, Rh phenotype influences CD47 expression but not the level of membrane skeleton attachment of CD47. In contrast, the results indicate that protein 4.2 strongly influences CD47 levels as well as the extent of membrane skeleton attachment in the RBC, whereas protein 4.2 affects membrane skeletal attachment of RhAG, Rh, and band 3 to a lesser extent. (Blood. 2004;103:1131-1136)

Download Full-text