scholarly journals Segregation of oil palm fruit ripeness using color sensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Aiman Mustaffa ◽  
Faiz Arith ◽  
Nurin Izzati Fauzi Peong ◽  
Nurul Rafiqah Jaffar ◽  
Evelyn Larwy Linggie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Segregation Process ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Palm Fruits

Oil palm is an important industry that has contributed to income and support to the economic sector especially for Malaysia and Indonesia. However, most of the equipment in the oil palm industry is still operated manually. This work developed a system to separate bunches of oil palm fruit using color sensors according to maturity level. Fruit color plays a decisive point in determining fruit maturity. Here, a specific threshold point of red green blue (RGB) was obtained for the determination of the maturity level of oil palm fruit. Point values of < 120, 120 < x < 150 and > 150 represent the maturity levels of unripe, under ripe and ripe, respectively. This paper is the first to report the RGB points for use in the development of automated oil palm segregation system in the oil palm plantation industry. Thus, this paper will pave the way in producing an accurate and reliable oil palm separation system, which in turn has a positive effect in reducing human error. In the future, a set of sensors is proposed to detect a bunch of the oil palm fruits. This further can speed up the segregation process and more suitable for adaptation to the industry.

scholarly journals Triple Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aliteh ◽  
Norhisam Misron ◽  
Ishak Aris ◽  
Roslina Mohd Sidek ◽  
Kunihisa Tashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Flat Type ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
And Shifts

This paper aims to study a triple flat-type air coil inductive sensor that can identify two maturity stages of oil palm fruits, ripe and unripe, based on the resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance changes. There are two types of triple structure that have been tested, namely Triple I and II. Triple I is a triple series coil with a fixed number of turns (n = 200) with different length, and Triple II is a coil with fixed length (l = 5 mm) and a different number of turns. The peak comparison between Triple I and II is using the coefficient of variation cv, which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean to express the precision and repeatability of data. As the fruit ripens, the resonance frequency peaks from an inductance–frequency curve and shifts closer to the peak curve of the air, and the fruitlet capacitance decreases. The coefficient of the variation of the inductive oil palm fruit sensor shows that Triple I is smaller and more consistent in comparison with Triple II, for both resonance frequency and fruitlet capacitance. The development of this sensor proves the capability of an inductive element such as a coil, to be used as a sensor so as to determine the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch sample.

An EMG Study for the Application of New Harvesting Oil Palm Fruit Device to Reduce MSDs

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Roejhan Md Kawi ◽  
Z.B. Razali ◽  
Muhammad Naufal Mansor ◽  
C.D.M. Asyraf
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
New Device ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Awkward Posture ◽  
Conventional Device

Farm workers in the Oil Palm industry in Malaysia are extremely exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) which is directly affected to the production outputs. This paper is to discuss the way to reduce the MSDs biomechanical load by using a new design of ergonomic palm oil fruit harvesting device. According to the observation, manual harvesting process by using conventional device or device was highly risk to undergo MSDs due to repetitive awkward posture. Thus, new device is proposed for reducing the effect of MSDs. Electromyography (EMG) evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed method to reduce the risk of MSDs. Results of EMG show that the using of the proposed device provides less pain compare to the conventional device.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA BURUH PANEN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT(Studi Kasus Pada Divisi I PT. Megasawindo Perkasa IKecamatan Pelepat Kabupaten Bungo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikriman Fikriman ◽  
Arif Herdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Division I ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Experience Factor ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Selection Of

Research conducted at the Division I Megasawindo PT Perkasa I Sub Pelepat Bungo on December 1, 2015 until January 1, 2016. Selection of the location of this research was done intentionally (purposive sampling) with the consideration that Division I had a workforce of most on the harvesting of coconuts oil with 79 workers to harvest. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affected the productivity of harvest labor of Oil palm fruit in the Division I PT.Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo. The data collection method used in the study was documentation technique that was to obtain data directly from the data of research that palm fruit harvest workers at the Division I PT.Megasawindo Perkasa District of Pelepat many as 79 workers harvest the palm fruits. But the workers must studied the labor of its work effectively during the year 2014 as many as 39 people. The results showed that the average labor productivity of oil palm fruit harvest workers amounted to 37.31 tons / person / month. Harvest Labor productivity of the palm fruits together significantly affected by factors of wages, work experience, number of dependents and age, it could be seen from the calculated F value (983.312)> F table (2.649), but the partial factor wages were on a very real effect on the productivity of harvest labor of the palm fruits, as seen from the value of 49 997 t> t table 2,032. While working experience factor, number of dependents and the age factordid not significantly affected harvest labor productivity of oil palm fruit division I PT. Megasawindo Mighty I Sub Pelepat Bungo.Keywords: Productivity, Labor harvest, factors and Palm Oil

scholarly journals Influence of Fresh Palm Fruit Sterilization in the Production of Carotenoid-Rich Virgin Palm Oil

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Nik Suhaimi Mat Hassan ◽  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Venugopal Balakrishnan ◽  
Mark Harris Zuknik ◽  
Muliadi Mustaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Cold Pressed

Palm oil is known to be rich in carotenoids and other phytonutrients. However, the carotenoids and phytonutrients degrade due to high heat sterilization of oil palm fruits. The present study was conducted to produce carotenoid-rich virgin palm oil (VPO) using cold-press extraction. Herein, the influence of sterilization of oil palm fresh fruits in the production of cold-pressed VPO was determined with varying sterilization temperatures, times, and amounts of palm fruits in sterilization. The experimental sterilization conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the maximum VPO yield and minimum FFAs in cold-pressed VPO. The optimal sterilization experimental conditions of oil palm fruits were determined to be a sterilization temperature of 62 °C, a time of 90 min, and an amount of oil palm fruits of 8 kg. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum cold-pressed VPO yield and the minimal content of free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained were 27.94 wt.% and 1.32 wt.%, respectively. Several analytic methods were employed to determine cold-pressed VPO quality and fatty acids compositions and compared with the crude palm oil. It was found that cold-pressed VPO contains higher carotenoids (708 mg/g) and unsaturated fatty acids compared with the carotenoid (343 mg/g) and fatty acid compositions in CPO. The findings of the present study reveal that the sterilization temperature potentially influences the carotenoid and nutrient contents in VPO; therefore, the optimization of the sterilization conditions is crucial to producing carotenoid- and phytonutrient-rich VPO.

scholarly journals Analysis of Carotenoid Composition in Oil Palm Fruits (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from several Varieties: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1470-1479
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Β Carotene

Basically, oil palm has three types of fruit, namely the dura, pisifera, and tenera varieties. These three varieties have different characteristics, likewise with resulting Crude Palm Oil (CPO) levels. Generally, palm oil contains 500–700 ppm of carotenoid compounds, and the amount is equivalent to 15 times the carotenoids in carrots and 300 times in tomatoes. This is a study of information about the carotenoid composition of three varieties of oil palm fruit and applying the most superior analytical methods to obtain carotenoids from CPO. The purpose of this review is to examine the carotenoid composition of three varieties of oil palm fruit and carotenoid analysis methods presented for consideration as a reference. The method used in this review is the inclusion and exclusion criteria in literary search. The results showed that the carotenoid composition of the three varieties of oil palm in the presence of 11 types of carotene and the highest percentage composition was β-carotene with a content range of 54.39–56.02%. As for the development of new methods for carotenoid analysis from CPO, namely Raman and FT-NIR spectroscopy with the advantages of being environmentally friendly, not using solvents, and fast measurement compared to methods UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, UPLC, and HPLC.

scholarly journals Design and development of a manually operated oil palm crusher

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
CK Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Fruits

Palm growers in Bangladesh are currently facing problems to extract crude palm oil from FFB.  The traditional method of palm oil processing is time-consuming, laborious, hazardous, and inefficient resulting in the production of low-quality oil. Though mechanical processing is costly but produces good quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and the oil recovery rate is high. A low-cost mechanical (manually operated) oil palm crusher was designed and febricated in the workshop of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The crusher was designed by using Auto-Cad software. It was fabricated according to design parameters. It is fabricated by stainless steel (SS) shaft, stainless steel cylinder, mild steel (MS) hopper, (MS) hollow bars, MS pressure case cap & Bearing. It requires a very small rotating force. The cost of the crusher is only BDT 12000, which is within the buying capacity of the farmers of Bangladesh. Crusher was mounted on the table or bench. At first 500 gm fresh palm fruits were taken for experimentation. About 300 gm mesocarp and 200 gm oil palm kernel (nuts) were found from 500 gm oil palm fruits. Heating 300 gm mesocarp about 15 minutes and was weighted 280 gm mesocarp due to moisture loss. About 62 gm crude palm oil, 124 gm oil cake, 88 gm skum were collected from 280 gm mesocarp. The average m.c (wb) of fresh palm fruit was found 20.73%. The crushing capacity of the mesocarp of the crusher was o.84 kg/hr. The rotating speed of the screw was 26 rpm. Crude oil percentage was found 22.14%. The total time to extract 62 gm crude palm oil from 500 gm of fresh fruit was 1hr and 15 minutes. The weight of the crusher is 11 kg which is easy to operate by one man. The overall performance of the crusher was found quite satisfactory and could be useful for smallholder palm growers in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 60-70, 2021

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan ukuran polen pada penyerbukan buatan terhadap potensi jumlah buah pada tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.)

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enceng Sobari ◽  
Ahmad Akmal Hasibuan ◽  
M. Subandi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Range Test

Sari. Pembentukan buah tanaman kelapa sawit yang menurun berimbas pada produksi tandan buah segar. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh penyerbukan secara alami yang kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan ukuran serbuk sari terhadap potensi jumlah buah dalam satu tandan, persentase keberhasilan pembentukan buah, dan bentuk buah kelapa sawit dengan cara penyerbukan buatan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap, yang terdiri dari 2 perlakuan ukuran serbuk sari dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari ukuran serbuk sari 10 mesh dan 12 mesh. Pengujian lanjut dilakukan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ukuran serbuk sari tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah buah terbentuk dalam satu tandan, tetapi persentase keberhasilan pembentukan buah >80%, dan bentuk buah yang dihasilkan rata-rata buah normal. Ukuran serbuk sari dari saringan 10 dan 12 mesh secara deskriptif lebih kecil serta seragam dibandingkan saringan 2 – 8 mesh.Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Potensi Hasil, Polen, Buah.Abstract. Decline of oil palm fruit sets impacts on the production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). This is caused by less effective natural pollination. Objective of this research was to determine the effect of pollen size differences by artificial pollination to the potency of number of fruits per bunch, percentage of success fruit sets, and shapes of oil palm fruits. The method used experimental method. Experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 2 pollen size treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of pollen size of 10 mesh and 12 mesh, then tested by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the application of pollen size did not significantly affect the number of fruits per bunch, but the percentage of success fruit sets was> 80%, and the shape of fruit was normal.  Pollen size from sieves 10 and 12 mesh descriptively homogen and smaller than pollen size from sieves 2 – 8 mesh. Keywords: Palm Oil, Potential Results, Pollen, Fruit.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Electrical Power Dissipation of Oil Palm Fruits during Storage Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saktioto ◽  
Romi Fadli Syahputra ◽  
Yan Soerbakti ◽  
Andri Saputra ◽  
Syasudhuha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit

Among oil-producing plants, the oil palm produces a high-yield vegetable oil. After the oil palm fruit is harvested as a fresh fruit bunch six to eight months after the flower bloom, the fresh fruit bunch is stored for several days to be collected and transported for manufacture. This storage time can influence the quality and maturity level of the fruit, affecting the yield of crude palm oil. Currently, several methods exist to detect the grade and maturity level of oil palm fruit, such as optical spectroscopy-based and electromagnetic-induced. However, these methods need improvement as they are limited in terms of practical use as well as accuracy. This study proposes a simple four-point probe for the characterization of oil palm fruit during five days when stored under ambient conditions. A direct current power source from a low-voltage battery (~9 V) was applied to produce electric potential in the oil palm fruit. The voltage response shows a distinguished result, directly indicating different storage period. Furthermore, the dissipated power of the first four days dramatically increased from 0.01 to 1.25 µW, and a drop to 0.09 µW was recorded on the fifth day. The estimated capacitance also demonstrates a dropping time, pointing to a change in the internal molecule and cell wall. This result, then, can be employed to detect the level of freshness of the oil palm fruit after harvesting.

scholarly journals HIDUNG ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SENSOR GAS MOS UNTUK KARAKTERISASI KEMATANGAN BUAH KELAPA SAWIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Minarni Shiddiq ◽  
Lentina Br Sitohang ◽  
Ikhsan Rahman Husein ◽  
Sinta Afria Ningsih ◽  
Sri Hermonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Electronic Nose System

The ripeness of oil palm fruits is one of the key factors for crude palm oil qualities. Recently, electronic nose systems have been developed intensively for fruit quality assessment which relates odors to ripeness levels. This study developed an electronic nose system to characterize the ripeness levels of oil palm fruits using output voltage of each sensor and fruit hardness. The system consisted of a sensor chamber and a sample chamber. The sensor chamber consisted of eight MOS gas sensor modules of MQ series. Samples were oil palm fruits taken from oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which were previously categorized traditionally into unripe, ripe, over ripe, peeled and put into the sample chamber. Some of the fruits were also used for hardness measurement. To quantify the output voltages for each sensor, integrated trapezoid areas were calculated and related to the fruit hardness values. The results showed a significant voltage difference of each sensor for the three ripeness levels. Only four out of eight sensors showed significantly higher voltages. Three sensors which can significantly differentiate the ripeness levels are MQ3, MQ5, and MQ135 which MQ135 is the best. This shows that the electronic nose is potential for oil palm fruits. Keywords: electronic nose, fruit hardness, MOS gas sensor, oil palm fruit, ripeness

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document