An EMG Study for the Application of New Harvesting Oil Palm Fruit Device to Reduce MSDs

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Roejhan Md Kawi ◽  
Z.B. Razali ◽  
Muhammad Naufal Mansor ◽  
C.D.M. Asyraf
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
New Device ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Awkward Posture ◽  
Conventional Device

Farm workers in the Oil Palm industry in Malaysia are extremely exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) which is directly affected to the production outputs. This paper is to discuss the way to reduce the MSDs biomechanical load by using a new design of ergonomic palm oil fruit harvesting device. According to the observation, manual harvesting process by using conventional device or device was highly risk to undergo MSDs due to repetitive awkward posture. Thus, new device is proposed for reducing the effect of MSDs. Electromyography (EMG) evaluation was conducted to determine the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed method to reduce the risk of MSDs. Results of EMG show that the using of the proposed device provides less pain compare to the conventional device.

Time and Motion Studies of Manual Harvesting Methods for Oil Palm Fruit Bunches: A Malaysian Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizaroyani Saibani ◽  
Ariff Azly Muhamed ◽  
Mohd Faizal Maliami ◽  
Rasyidah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Time And Motion Studies ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Motion Studies ◽  
Harvesting Process

In optimizing the yield of oil palm fruit bunches collection, the mechanization of the collection process is very important. However, before the analysis of the cost benefits of any mechanization development can be utilized, this study has to be carried out. Time and Motion Studies (TMS) is used to identify and measure the efficiency of the oil palm fruit bunches’ manual harvesting technique. The Direct Time Study Technique has been selected to determine and record the time taken by the harvester to harvest the oil palm fruit bunches, where the tool used in this technique is a stopwatch, alongside the Time Study Observation Sheet. Meanwhile, to examine the motions used by the harvester in the harvesting process, the Therblig’s Motion Principle is applied to identify effective and non- effective motions. A field work study has been conducted by monitoring two harvesters and all the real time data is recorded in the time study observation sheet and analyzed to get a value of Normal Time (NT) and also Standard Time (ST) for each work element involved in the manual harvesting process of palm oil. There are seven work elements that have been identified to have been used by the harvester to complete the process, the first element  is searching for the mature palm oil tree (NT= 40.73 seconds), the second element  is adjusting the Aluminium Pole and Knife (APK) cutter (NT= 23.36 seconds), the third element is cutting the oil palm’s frond (NT= 51.30 seconds), the fourth element is cutting  the mature oil palm’s bunches (NT= 60.26 seconds), the fifth element is collecting the oil palm’s frond that  has been cut (NT= 21.69 seconds), the sixth element is putting the oil palm’s bunches that have been cut  into the wheel barrow (NT= 34.25 seconds) and the seventh element  is collecting the loose oil palm fruits or called fruitlets (NT= 77.49 seconds). The study also categorized a few non-effective work elements carried out during the manual harvesting process. The elements are: searching for the oil palm trees that have mature oil palm bunches, adjusting the APK cutter and also collecting the loose oil palm fruitlets off the ground.

scholarly journals Risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among oil palm fruit harvesters during early harvesting stage

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Guan Ng ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin ◽  
Irwan Syah Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zailina Hashim ◽  
Baba MD Deros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Harvesting Stage

Improved water footprint of oil palm products using eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Herz ◽  
Ana Meijide ◽  
Christian Stiegler ◽  
Bunyod Holmatov ◽  
Alexander Knohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

<p>The global population growth and changes in human lifestyle and consumption patterns put immense pressure on the limited freshwater resources in the world. Aiming at sustainable use and equitable allocation of the water resources, it becomes crucial to know the water appropriation for the production of different commodities and consumer goods. These days, oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) is one of the highest-demanded crops around the globe since the oil of its fruits and kernel is widely used as biofuel and major ingredients in food and cosmetic industries. Given this massive demand, the areas under oil palm cultivation in the tropics have continuously been expanding in the last decades, particularly in Indonesia. With the oil palm boom, not only biodiversity loss, and carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation have been increasing, but also the consumptions of blue and green water resources are of concern. </p><p>In this ongoing research, the concept of water footprint (WF) is employed to quantify the green and blue water use of oil palm production in the Bajubang district, Batanghari regency, Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia. This is one of the first studies that uses field-measured data of evapotranspiration (ET) from oil palm plantations in different growth stages over seven years for the purpose of WF assessment, compared to the available literature where ET was estimated using modelling approaches. The multi-year measurements were conducted using the eddy covariance technique, which continuously measures water vapor (H<sub>2</sub>O) fluxes at the ecosystem level over the plantation. Based on these measurements, specifically, the WF assessment is performed on a product basis during the plantation life cycle, per area and time unit, for the oil palm fruit yield and oil palm derived products (palm oil, palm-oil biodiesel). Besides the crop water consumption at the plantation (i.e. ET) as the core element, other water consumptions in the products’ processing chain are included in the WF assessment. Preliminary results indicate a WF of 2440 m<sup>3</sup> t<sup>-1</sup> for palm oil and 65 m<sup>3</sup> GJ<sup>-1</sup> for palm-oil biodiesel. This is about 50% lower than the global average estimates. Local WF account of oil palm products has a critical contribution to product transparency while being useful for comparative purposes. Contrasting the WFs of products serving the same function (e.g., palm oil biodiesel, soybean biodiesel) is of essential importance, aiming at conscious product choices in a world of freshwater scarcity.</p><p>Keywords: water footprint, oil palm, palm oil, Indonesia, eddy covariance, evapotranspiration</p>

scholarly journals DAYA DUKUNG TANAMAN SAWIT DAN HASIL IKUTAN LIMBAH PENGOLAHAN SAWIT SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI SUMATERA BARAT

Pastura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ida Indrayani ◽  
James Hellyward ◽  
Yozil Alveni
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Oil Palm Industry

This study was to determine the carrying capacity of palm oil plantation and oil palm industry waste could be used as beef cattle feed in West Sumatra. This study used a desk study method, it was the activity that searched secondary data such as the results of other relevant studies, official documents and other important records in several government agencies and other relevant institutions. The analysis showed people carrying capacity of palm oil plantations folk in West Sumatra with the utilization of forage, leaves no stick and palm frond as cattle feed as a whole can accommodate about 390 913 head of cattle. While carrying capacity of byproduct of palm oil processing wastes amounted to 465 812 head of cattle. Overall, therefore, the palm oil plantation folk, the state and the private sector is able to provide beef cattle feed to 856 725 head of cattle. It concluded that beef cattle still have a chancethe to be developed by use oil palm plantation and byproducts as a substitute for forages.Key words: oil palm plantation, carrying capacity, oil palm industry waste, beef cattle feed

scholarly journals A Review of Southeast Asian Oil Palm and Its CO2 Fluxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royston Uning ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Murnira Othman ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Norfazrin Mohd Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Palm oil production is a key industry in tropical regions, driven by the demand for affordable vegetable oil. Palm oil production has been increasing by 9% every year, mostly due to expanding biofuel markets. However, the oil palm industry has been associated with key environmental issues, such as deforestation, peatland exploitation and biomass burning that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, leading to climate change. This review therefore aims to discuss the characteristics of oil palm plantations and their impacts, especially CO2 emissions in the Southeast Asian region. The tropical climate and soil in Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia, are very suitable for growing oil palm trees. However, due to the scarcity of available plantation areas deforestation occurs, especially in peat swamp areas. Total carbon losses from both biomass and peat due to the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantations are estimated to be around 427.2 ± 90.7 t C ha−1 and 17.1 ± 3.6 t C ha−1 year−1, respectively. Even though measured CO2 fluxes have shown that overall, oil palm plantation CO2 emissions are about one to two times higher than other major crops, the ability of oil palms to absorb CO2 (a net of 64 tons of CO2 per hectare each year) and produce around 18 tons of oxygen per hectare per year is one of the main advantages of this crop. Since the oil palm industry plays a crucial role in the socio-economic development of Southeast Asian countries, sustainable and environmentally friendly practices would provide economic benefits while minimizing environmental impacts. A comprehensive review of all existing oil plantation procedures is needed to ensure that this high yielding crop has highly competitive environmental benefits.

Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 739-743
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
A.O. Akii Ibhadode ◽  
B.O. Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Fruit Processing

The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Produksi Cellular Lightweight Concrete Serat Limbah Pelepah Kelapa Ssawit Terhadap Emisi CO2

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Zainuri Zainuri ◽  
Sujianto Sujianto ◽  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Feliatra Feliatra
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
By Products

The vast palm oil plantations in Riau province which are 2,430,500 hectares (BPS Indonesia, 2017) have great potential as a provider of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and other by-products and include waste. The midrib is always lowered along with the decrease in oil palm fruit bunches at harvest. Handling of waste from the midrib is only by stacking it in the field and letting it dry and self-destruct. Oil palm midribs are still a problem today because they can affect the global climate with greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon emissions can still be minimized by utilizing oil palm midribs. This study aims to measure the reduction of CO2 emissions as an added ingredient in the production of fiber CLC. Presentation of research results using descriptive methods. Research conducted in laboratories with an experimental approach is quantitative. The findings of this study are that the use of oil palm fronds as an added ingredient in producing CLC of solar and electric fuel fibers by 1 m3 can reduce CO2 emissions. The conclusion of this study is that CO2 emissions that can be reduced in the manufacture of 1 m3 of fiber CLC using diesel fuel is 111,582 tons/year and when using an electrically driven engine the CO2 emissions that can be reduced are 120.887 tons/year.

scholarly journals Segregation of oil palm fruit ripeness using color sensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Aiman Mustaffa ◽  
Faiz Arith ◽  
Nurin Izzati Fauzi Peong ◽  
Nurul Rafiqah Jaffar ◽  
Evelyn Larwy Linggie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Segregation Process ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Palm Fruits

Oil palm is an important industry that has contributed to income and support to the economic sector especially for Malaysia and Indonesia. However, most of the equipment in the oil palm industry is still operated manually. This work developed a system to separate bunches of oil palm fruit using color sensors according to maturity level. Fruit color plays a decisive point in determining fruit maturity. Here, a specific threshold point of red green blue (RGB) was obtained for the determination of the maturity level of oil palm fruit. Point values of < 120, 120 < x < 150 and > 150 represent the maturity levels of unripe, under ripe and ripe, respectively. This paper is the first to report the RGB points for use in the development of automated oil palm segregation system in the oil palm plantation industry. Thus, this paper will pave the way in producing an accurate and reliable oil palm separation system, which in turn has a positive effect in reducing human error. In the future, a set of sensors is proposed to detect a bunch of the oil palm fruits. This further can speed up the segregation process and more suitable for adaptation to the industry.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Penyakit Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Bayes Berbasis Android (Studi Kasus : Perkebunan PTPN 4 Air Batu)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dedi Irawan ◽  
Muhammad Khairi Ikhsan Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fruit Oil

Abstract - PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Air Batu (PTPN IV) is a government-owned oil palm plantation that is engaged in the production of palm fruit, oil palm plants will grow well and produce optimally if the plant is protected from disease. However, there is an imbalance where every year palm oil needs increase, while oil palm production decreases. This is due to lack of understanding of plantation assistants on the types of diseases found in oil palm plants which can cause continuous damage to oil palm plants. The Bayes method is one method that is suitable for selection, because the Bayes method is a good method in machine learning based on training data using conditional probabilities as the basis. With this expert system it is expected that plantation assistants can find out the type of disease and its solution quickly so that the problem of decreasing oil palm production can be overcome. The results of the research in the form of an expert system diagnose the disease of oil palm plants using the Android-based bayes method thus, this application can be used to analyze diseases using cellular phones. Keywords - Palm Oil Disease, Expert Systems, Bayes Method, Android.

scholarly journals Preparing Households for the Oil Palm Replanting Program: Is an Empowerment Program Needed?

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Ardi Novra ◽  
Fatati ◽  
Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Impact

This article describes a new idea of how the level of intervention in household empowerment policies is based on an empirical study of the magnitude of the negative impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting (SPR) program. One of the negative impacts is the temporary loss of income (TLI) for farmer households due to the cessation of production of oil palm fruit bunches. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the impact of the SPR program on household and regional economies as a basis for making decisions on the intensity level of community empowerment programs. The household survey research was conducted in three village centers for smallholder rubber plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia: Purwodadi Village, Dataran Kempas, and Sungai Keruh. The research result shows that the average potential TLI in each household is IDR 2,364,644/month (equivalent to 74.55% of the oil palm household income or 39.78% of the regional economy) if replanting palm oil is carried out. Purwodadi Village is the village most vulnerable to regional economic disturbances due to the high potential for TLI, reaching 99.43% of the oil palm household income and 67.06% of the regional economy. The level of TLI is influenced by factors of age and area of old oil palm plants, the proportion of households that will undergo the replanting process of oil palm, and the level of dependence of regions on oil palm farming. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is still a need for innovation and expansion of empowerment programs to encourage household readiness in facing the community oil palm rejuvenation program.

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