scholarly journals Study of nesting behaviour of Asian Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi (Aves: Passeriformes: Monorchidae) from southern West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13782-13785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilemesh Das ◽  
Shuvadip Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Nesting Behaviour ◽  
The Subject

The Asian Paradise Flycatcher has always been a flamboyant passerine to be photographed quite often throughout the Gangetic Bengal in India, but hardly any behavioural documentation is enlisted till date.  The nesting behaviour of the subject bird encompassing its parental behaviours was studied on a wetland stretch of Ishapore, southern Gangetic Bengal.  The present study mainly deals with the nesting behaviour, incubation activities, hatching, and parental care to fledging of a wild pair.  The behavioural changes at par with the changing weather conditions and the neighbouring species too were studied. 

Effectiveness of Flood Protection Project Valuation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Liziński ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Project Valuation ◽  
The Subject

Projects for flood protection are increasingly the subject of investment projects in the field of water management. This is related to the increasing frequency of worldwide threats caused by extreme weather conditions, including extremely high rainfall causing floods. Technical and nontechnical flood protection measures are also increasing in importance. In the decision-making process, it is necessary to take into account both the costs and benefits of avoiding losses, including an analysis of social benefits, whose valuation of non-market goods is an essential element. A comprehensive account of projects in the field of flood protection based on the estimated costs and benefits of the investment allows the economic efficiency from a general social point of view to be determined. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of investment projects have mainly taken into account only categories and market values. The aim of the article is to identify the possibilities to expand the values of non-market assessments and categories formulated on the basis of the theoretical economics of the environment. 

scholarly journals Evolution of iris colour in relation to cavity nesting and parental care in passerine birds

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20160783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle L. Davidson ◽  
Alex Thornton ◽  
Nicola S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Cavity Nesters ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Nesting Behaviour ◽  
Gaze Sensitivity ◽  
Iris Colour

Strong selection pressures are known to act on animal coloration. Although many animals vary in eye colour, virtually no research has investigated the functional significance of these colour traits. Passeriformes have a range of iris colours, making them an ideal system to investigate how and why iris colour has evolved. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we tested the hypothesis that conspicuous iris colour in passerine birds evolved in response to (a) coordination of offspring care and (b) cavity nesting, two traits thought to be involved in intra-specific gaze sensitivity. We found that iris colour and cooperative offspring care by two or more individuals evolved independently, suggesting that bright eyes are not important for coordinating parental care through eye gaze. Furthermore, we found that evolution between iris colour and nesting behaviour did occur in a dependent manner, but contrary to predictions, transitions to coloured eyes were not more frequent in cavity nesters than non-cavity nesters. Instead, our results indicate that selection away from having bright eyes was much stronger in non-cavity nesters than cavity nesters, perhaps because conspicuous eye coloration in species not concealed within a cavity would be more visible to predators.

scholarly journals The Use of Drone Photo Material to Classify the Purity of Photovoltaic Panels Based on Statistical Classifiers

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Tomasz Czarnecki ◽  
Kacper Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Statistical Classifiers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this work is the analysis of methods of detecting soiling of photovoltaic panels. Environmental and weather conditions affect the efficiency of renewable energy sources. Accumulation of soil, dust, and dirt on the surface of the solar panels reduces the power generated by the panels. This paper presents several variants of the algorithm that uses various statistical classifiers to classify photovoltaic panels in terms of soiling. The base material was high-resolution photos and videos of solar panels and sets dedicated to solar farms. The classifiers were tested and analyzed in their effectiveness in detecting soiling. Based on the study results, a group of optimal classifiers was defined, and the classifier selected that gives the best results for a given problem. The results obtained in this study proved experimentally that the proposed solution provides a high rate of correct detections. The proposed innovative method is cheap and straightforward to implement, and allows use in most photovoltaic installations.

The Evolving Story of the Land Acquisition Act, 2013

2017 ◽  
pp. 275-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Chakrabarti ◽  
Kaushiki Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

The epic journey of the Land Acquisition Act, 2013 is the subject matter of this chapter. The chapter traces the travails of the 1894 Act through the various challenges including the Narmada Bachao agitation and various SEZ acquisitions in the early 2000s till the four separate and more recent agitations that set the stage for work on new legislation—Nandigram and Singur in West Bengal, Maha Mumbai SEZ in Maharashtra and POSCO acquisition in Odisha. The UPA’s 2004 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) policy was revised in a 2007 Bill, largely as per NAC recommendations, that however lapsed in 2009. During UPA-II, fresh trouble erupted in Bhatta Parsaul in UP and the government elevated Jairam Ramesh to fast pace the passage of the new law. After much contentious negotiation the Act came into being in 2013. The movement reflects a combination of Punctuated Equilibrium Framework and Advocacy Coalition Framework.

scholarly journals The Ticks of Rodents and their Nests, and the Discovery that Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. is the Vector of Tropical Typhus in Kenya

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Isgaer Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

1. Earlier attempts to trace the vector of tropical typhus in Kenya failed. The only references to the subject in the available literature consist of mere suggestions that a mite would most likely prove to be the transmitter.2. An investigation made in an area whence most Nairobi cases of tropical typhus were reported, suggested that a tick (R. pulchellus) would be the most likely vector.3. Transmission experiments made in the belief that one of the unclassed fevers of man was conveyed by R. pulchellus have so far yielded negative results. There is, however, sufficient circumstantial evidence available pointing to this tick as vector of a form of mild typhus to man—this demands further investigation.4. At Mombasa and Nairobi, houses reported to be heavily infested with ticks, or houses investigated after the occurrence of the tropical typhus in them, have yielded only R. sanguineus.5. R. sanguineus (3 ♀), taken from a dog in a house where the last typhus case had occurred 8 months previously, gave a typical typhus syndrome when emulsified and inoculated into a male guinea-pig. R. sanguineus (1 ♀, 12 ⊙), taken in a house where a child had recently contracted typhus, also gave a positive result with guinea-pigs and the virus was further transmitted by passage through other guinea-pigs.6. The infestation of houses by R. sanguineus and the incidence of tropical typhus among human beings appear to be influenced by unfavourable weather conditions, causing the ticks to seek relatively dry and warm places for purposes of oviposition or metamorphosis, thus invading houses. In the absence of dogs, its usual hosts, the tick attacks man.

Fathers have higher motivation for parenting than mothers in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (11-13) ◽  
pp. 1199-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Saito ◽  
Akihiro Izumi ◽  
Katsuki Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Older Siblings

Abstract Parental care is necessary for infant mammals to survive because they are born immaturely. In rodents, the retrieval of pups has been used to evaluate the motivation for maternal behaviour. Common marmosets are cooperative breeders and their parental or alloparental behaviour has been evaluated on the basis of the frequency of carrying infants in a family group. However, under such a situation, the amount of time spent on carrying did not directly reflect the level of motivation for parental or alloparental behaviour because of interference by other family members. To directly evaluate the motivation for such behaviour in common marmosets, animals should be tested where each subject is separated from other family members. Although some groups have applied an infant-retrieval test in which an infant is presented to the subject to evaluate the motivation of each marmoset, there are no studies in which retrieval behaviour is compared among family members. We adopted the infant-retrieval test to compare the motivation for parental or alloparental behaviour among family members: 8 fathers, 8 mothers, 14 older brothers and 9 older sisters. We measured the time from the infant presentation to the retrieval of the infant by each subject as the index of the motivation. We conducted the test when the infant age was 1–8 days old. All the fathers invariably retrieved their infants promptly, but some mothers did not. This variation of responsiveness of mothers was partially explained by the amount of their experience of having their own infants. There was a tendency that inexperienced mothers took a longer time to retrieve infants than experienced ones. Older siblings took a significantly longer time to retrieve infants than fathers during the first few days, but their latency became the same as that of parents in the 8-day test period. Our present findings indicate that the motivation for retrieving infants differs between mothers and fathers. Fathers' motivation is invariably high whereas mothers' is more variable, and that parental and alloparental behaviour may change depending on experience.

scholarly journals METAPHORICAL EXPRESSION IN MANADO MALAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Rumengan ◽  
Deane J. Wowor ◽  
Tirza Kumayas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Data Collections

The purpose of this study is to identify the metaphorical expression in Manado Malay and also to describe the meaning of those metaphors. Metaphor is a kind of figurative language which uses connotative meaning through the comparison without using the word “like” or “as”. Most of metaphorical expression comes from a human behavior. The subject consisted of speakers of Manado Malay particularly the researcher himself and those who lives in Wuwuk village. The writer used descriptive research. Qualitative research is the suitable method to analyze the metaphorical expression. The writer used qualitative approach to find the actual data about metaphorical expression, the data collections are in the form of words, pictures, rather than numbers. The result shows that there are 53 metaphorical expressions in Manado Malay commonly used in everyday speech. It can be indicate by through, human's behavior, human's characteristics, and feelings, such as “Putar bale” which means someone who is lie and “Bobou seho” which means someone who has drunk. Some other metaphor is used to describe a circumstance such as, “ujang kopi” which mean zenithal rain or refer to the hot rainy weather conditions. It is expected that many other researches could be conducted especially the problem which concerned with metaphorical expression. Studying language and it’s relation with metaphorical expression leave many question to answer. That is why, by conducting this research, other researchers can get some information about metaphorical expression in Manado Malay. Keywords: Metaphorical Expression; Manado Malay; Figurative Language

scholarly journals ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНІ ОДИНИЦІ ТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ “ПОГОДА” В СУЧАСНІЙ НІМЕЦЬКІЙ МОВІ: СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Світлана Дружбяк ◽  
Христина Гаф’як
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Search System ◽  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Resource Search ◽  
Cation System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Bad Weather

The article analyzes the structural and semantic features of German phraseological units of the thematic group “Weather”. This thematic group was chosen for the study given the great importance of weather conditions for various spheres of human life, especially for agriculture, which is undoubtedly refl ected in the language by the presence of a large number of features, descriptions and phraseological units. The study is based on the electronic resource “Oldphras”. Three hundred and four phraseological units, which are the subject of this study, were identifi ed by using the resource search system. The main thematic subgroups are Wetter “weather”, Regen “rain”, Hagel “hail”, Blitz “lightning”, Donner “thunder”, Nebel “fog”, Wind “wind”, Sturm “storm”, Gewitter “bad weather”, Schnee “Snow”, Wolke “cloud”, Frost “frost”, Hitze “heat”, Sonne “sun”, Himmel “sky”, Jahreszeit “season”, Winter “winter”, Frühling “spring”, Sommer “summer”. The electronic resource allows us to accurately understand the meaning of the selected units, as the page has an explanation of each of them, as well as to see whether this phraseology is relevant in modern German and whether it has undergone some changes. The next step was to classify phraseological units according to their structure and semantics. According to the criterion of structure, phraseological units constitute the “phrasicon” of a language – that is, the whole inventory of idioms and phrases, both word-like and sentencelike set expressions. Using these criteria, the fi rst type includes the following compounds: in den Wind reden – “waste (one’s) breath”; Wind haben – “as hungry as a hunter”; in allen Himmeln schweben – “head in the clouds”; Sturm läuten – “to ring the alarm bell”. As for the second type, here are the following examples: Sie hat wohl der Blitz beim letzten Schiß erwischt? – “Are you insane?”; Аhа, daher weht der Wind! – “That’s what the smell is!”; jetzt pfeift der Wind aus einem anderen Loch (jetzt pfeift ein anderer Wind) – “change one`s tune”. The results indicate that sentence-like expressions account for 31.6 % of the entire sample, while word-like ones comprise 68.4 %. Also, we have made use of V. V. Vinogradov’s classifi cation system which is based on the degree of semantic cohesion between the components of a phraseological unit. As a result, the selected phraseological units were classifi ed by translation methods, and it was determined that the most commonly used methods are analogues (41.5 %) and descriptive (36.6 %) ones, while equivalent, combined, antonymous, loan translation, and translation in one word are much less fr).equent (21.9 % altogether). Key words: phraseological unit, translation, semantics, translation equivalence, translation transformations.

scholarly journals Shephering and Shepherd Clothing in Turkish Culture – Felt Cloak and Fur

Turkology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (102) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
H.N. Begiç ◽  
◽  
C. Öz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Continental Climate

People have shared the geography they located in with animals since ancient times. Within this symbiosis, people have benefited from animals that they are in continuous interaction in various areas. Central Asia steps is a region that has harsh continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. Migrant settlers in this region, with a limited agriculture potential, live off animal husbandry. Feeding of herd and the need for managing this duty in a safe way pave the way for sheepherding. Shepherd’s felt cloak and fur used by shepherds against the unfavorable weather conditions are the primary symbols of shepherd culture due to their important functions. Worn by shepherds in order to be protected against the unfavorable climate conditions, felt cloak defined as sleeveless clothing made up of felt are considered with the concept of felt. Similarly shepherd’s fur, which is made up of peltry of sheep and lamb, and has a similar function with felt cloak, is one of vital clothing materials of shepherds. As a natural result of animal breeding, which is one of the indispensable elements of the nomadic lifestyle, with the transition processes of people to the settled order and accordingly agricultural production as well as the breeding of animals they have tried to hunt, the shepherd profession, which is obliged to meet all kinds of needs of animals, has emerged. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the development and importance of shepherd, about dandruff and shepherd's fur, a clothing specific to shepherds. The information obtained from the written and virtual sources related to the subject and the interviews made with the source persons were tried to be transferred. It is important to emphasize the process of making a garment a cultural carrier.

Nesting Behaviour of the Giant Honeybees Apis dorsata Occurring in Jhargram, West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Misra ◽  
S. Pahari ◽  
S. Murmu ◽  
S. K. Raut
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Nesting Behaviour
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