scholarly journals Diversity of aquatic insects and biomonitoring of water quality in the upper Ganga River, a Ramsar site: a preliminary assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 20011-20018
Author(s):  
Kritish De ◽  
Arkojyoti Sarkar ◽  
Kritika Singh ◽  
Virendra Prasad Uniyal ◽  
Jeyaraj Antony Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Predatory Insect ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Low Levels

Monitoring of freshwater habitats through aquatic insects is widely used. A study was carried out in March, 2019 at 14 sites in the Upper Ganga River between Brijghat and Narora, a riverine Ramsar site in India, to document the diversity of three major aquatic predatory insect groups—Odonata, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera—and determine their biomonitoring potential. The study recorded three species of Coleoptera, four Hemiptera, 14 dragonflies, and eight damselflies. The Shannon diversity index (H′) ranged from 2.465 to 2.782, Pielou’s Evenness index (J′) from 0.841 to 0.894, and Berger–Parker index of dominance (d) from 0.122 to 0.243. Families Libellulidae (Odonata), Coenagrionidae (Odonata) and Gerridae (Hemiptera) had high relative abundance and dominant status. The stream invertebrate grade number-average level (SIGNAL2) score (for family) ranged from 2.316 to 3.174, lying within quadrant 2 of the SIGNAL2 (family) quadrant diagram. This suggested that the water in the area is likely to have high levels of turbidity, salinity, or nutrients, caused  naturally or by anthropogenic activities, and the water has low levels of most toxic chemicals.

scholarly journals First record of acari Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 as a parasite of Odonata species in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciel Elio Rodrigues ◽  
Cesar Carriço ◽  
Zeneida Teixeira Pinto ◽  
Paloma Martins Mendonça ◽  
Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
First Record ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Water mites are common and widespread parasites of some aquatic insects in freshwater habitats. This is the first record of acari Arrenurus Dugès, 1834, as a parasite of Odonata in Brazil. Water mites were sampled from Miathyria marcella (Selys, 1857) and Ischnura fluviatilis (Selys, 1876).

scholarly journals Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Dauda Tanko ◽  
Rita Chinweuba
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN KELIMPAHAN POPULASI SERANGGA AIR SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGIS CEMARAN AIR PADA DAS DI LANGOWAN

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redsway T.D. Maramis ◽  
Henny V.G. Makal
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Insect Resistant

ABSTRACT   Aquatic insects are one of the organisms that are used in determining water contamination. Aquatic insects are sensitive to the presence of waste dumped in the river and some are resistant to such waste. One of insect resistant waste is Chironomidae. The research objective was to determine aquatic insect species, population abundance by calculating indices diversity and biotic index. Aquatic insects in the lake watershed Tondano were collected by kicks and Hand Picking. Result showed that seven orders, theerteen families and sixteen species had been identified. The number of highest aquatic insect was found in Noogan which were 13 species, whereas in karondoran were 9 species. Aquatic insects were identified including, Heptagenia sp, sp Baetis sp, Caenis sp., Hydropsyhe, sp and Chrironomidae. The highest aquatic insect populations were collected in Karondoran followed by Winebetan and Noogan. The highest diversity index of aquatic insects was found in Winebetan whereas the lowest was in Karondoran. The lowest value of the biotic index was identified in the region Noogan suggested that water in Noogan area was clean water compared to Winebetan and Karondoran. Key word: Types and aquatic insect populations

scholarly journals CityNet - Deep Learning Tools for Urban Ecoacoustic Assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fairbrass ◽  
M. Firman ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
G. J. Brostow ◽  
H. Titheridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Learning System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Acoustic Activity ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Urbanisation Gradient

SUMMARYCities support unique and valuable ecological communities, but understanding urban wildlife is limited due to the difficulties of assessing biodiversity. Ecoacoustic surveying is a useful way of assessing habitats, where biotic sound measured from audio recordings is used as a proxy for biodiversity. However, existing algorithms for measuring biotic sound have been shown to be biased by non-biotic sounds in recordings, typical of urban environments.We develop CityNet, a deep learning system using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to measure audible biotic (CityBioNet) and anthropogenic (CityAnthroNet) acoustic activity in cities. The CNNs were trained on a large dataset of annotated audio recordings collected across Greater London, UK. Using a held-out test dataset, we compare the precision and recall of CityBioNet and CityAnthroNet separately to the best available alternative algorithms: four acoustic indices (AIs): Acoustic Complexity Index, Acoustic Diversity Index, Bioacoustic Index, and Normalised Difference Soundscape Index, and a state-of-the-art bird call detection CNN (bulbul). We also compare the effect of non-biotic sounds on the predictions of CityBioNet and bulbul. Finally we apply CityNet to describe acoustic patterns of the urban soundscape in two sites along an urbanisation gradient.CityBioNet was the best performing algorithm for measuring biotic activity in terms of precision and recall, followed by bulbul, while the AIs performed worst. CityAnthroNet outperformed the Normalised Difference Soundscape Index, but by a smaller margin than CityBioNet achieved against the competing algorithms. The CityBioNet predictions were impacted by mechanical sounds, whereas air traffic and wind sounds influenced the bulbul predictions. Across an urbanisation gradient, we show that CityNet produced realistic daily patterns of biotic and anthropogenic acoustic activity from real-world urban audio data.Using CityNet, it is possible to automatically measure biotic and anthropogenic acoustic activity in cities from audio recordings. If embedded within an autonomous sensing system, CityNet could produce environmental data for cites at large-scales and facilitate investigation of the impacts of anthropogenic activities on wildlife. The algorithms, code and pre-trained models are made freely available in combination with two expert-annotated urban audio datasets to facilitate automated environmental surveillance in cities.

scholarly journals Floristic Composition and Soil Characteristics in Muara Kaman Sedulang Nature Reserve, East Kalimantan

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Ulfah Sari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
East Kalimantan

Muara Kaman Sedulang Nature Reserve in East Kalimantan has been damaged due to anthropogenic activities and natural fires. The study aims to explore the floristic composition and soil characteristics in the rehabilitation and protection block to provide plant species information for the restoration activity. Vegetation data were collected in each block with a purposive random sampling method, in a total of 0,36 ha plot sample in rehabilitation block and 0,32 ha in protection block. Soil characteristics samples for physical and chemical measurement were collected in each plot with a composite technique at the soil surface (0 – 30 cm). There are 15 species recorded in rehabilitation block and 30 species in the protection block. The diameter distribution indicated that there are differences in the regeneration process after periods of destruction on each block. The diversity index in the rehabilitation block is low, while in the protection block is low to middle. Mallotus sumatranus is a dominant species in the rehabilitation block, whereas in the protection block is Lagerstroemia speciosa. Lepisanthes alata always presents in all research plots indicated suitability for all type of habitat in the area. Soil type is Endoaquepts Dystrudepts with silt clay loam texture and acid soil.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton in Jatigede Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Rima Nabilah Haifa ◽  
Zahidah Hasan ◽  
Heti Herawati ◽  
Isni Nurruhwati ◽  
Asep Sahidin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
West Java ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Compensation Depth ◽  
Temperature Depth

Jatigede Reservoir has water input from the Cimanuk River. This river has gone through several anthropogenic activities that can affect its waters. Changes in conditions can occur due to changes in ecosystems carried out by several ecological aspects, one of which is the distribution of biota structures. The purpose of this study is to map the distribution of phytoplankton through spatial distribution both horizontally and vertically at the Jatigede Reservoir, West Java. The study began in July 2019 until September 2019. This research uses survey method. Sampling was carried out at 4 stations on the surface, half of the compensation depth, and compensation depth. The water parameters analyzed are transparency, temperature, depth, current, pH, CO2, BOD, DO, NO3-, PO43-, NH3, fitoplankton abundance, diversity index and dominance index. The results showed that 49 genera from 11 classes and 5 phyla were identified. Diversity index during the study reached between 0.904-2.062 and the dominance index was in the range of 0.267-0.681. The highest phytoplankton composition at each station and depth was found in the Bacillariophyceae class as much as 59.65% with an average abundance of 5523 ind/L.11 phytoplankton classes found during the study were identified at all observation stations, except in the eustigmatophyceae and mediophyceae classes.

scholarly journals Status of plankton diversity and biological productivity of Sahastradhara stream at Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Malik ◽  
Umesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Plankton Diversity

The present contribution encompasses on plankton and biological productivity as ecological indicator for identifying the ecological quality of Sahastradhara stream (between 27 km stream stretches), located in the Doon Valley of Garhwal region in India. Monthly sampling from all the sampling sites was made for a period of 12 months (May 2009 – April 2010) at 9:00-11: 00 AM. A total of 40 taxa from different classes of plankton and zooplankton were reported. The phytoplankton (32 sp.) was found being the most abundant taxa than zooplankton (9 sp.) inSahastradhara stream. Fluctuation in the phytoplankton density was recorded highest (1536 unit/l) during winter and lowest (20 unit/l) during monsoon. Zooplanktons were reported to be maximum (147 unit/l) during summer and minimum (3 unit/l) during monsoon. The total diatoms were reported highest (1022unit/l) during starting the winter and lowest (4 unit/l) during monsoon. Green algae and blue green algae were reported to be maximum during winter and minimum during summer. The Shannon-wiener diversity index calculated for the density ofBacillariophyceae (0.2180-0.366), Chlorophyceae (0.208-0.367) and Cyanophyceae (0.391-0.366) and correlation was made between Plankton biomass and physico-chemical parameters to analyses the relative features of the both variables. The density of plankton and biological productivity were influenced by disturbances in the photic zone and indiscriminate anthropogenic activities for tourist development resulted aquatic habitat degradation in stream ecosystem.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Tanaman Padi pada Lahan Lebak di Tiga Desa Kecamatan Sungai Pandan Kabupaten HSU

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-399
Author(s):  
Farida Adriani ◽  
Nur Hafizah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
Paddy Crop

       Utilization of insect diversity is useful in overcoming pest in the field, by using parasitoids and predators to control pests, can prevent the use of toxic chemicals in the field, while providing a safe haven for other species to live and play its role in maintaining the health of the ecosystem. Insect diversity in South Kalimantan, especially paddy fields in swampy areas largely unknown, and therefore need to be examined. The aim of this study is to identify and assess the diversity of natural enemies in paddy crop in swampy areas, especially in the three villages in the district of  Sungai Pandan, Hulu Sungai Utara. This study was conducted from February - June 2015. The method used in this research is survey method with direct observation with an area of rice fields has been determined, and sampling arthropod natural enemies by using a swinging nets, water traps and light traps. Results from this study are: (1) The number of arthropod natural enemies found in shallow swamps is 20 species from seven orders, mid swamps and in each of the 16 species of seven orders; (2) The highest predator arthropod population in the shallow swamp area is Micraspis sp., The middle swamp is Paederus fuscipes, and the deep swamp is Micraspis sp. ; and (3) the diversity index of natural enemies of arthropods on the third mainland is low

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of Microplastic Pollution Index: A Case Study in Marmara Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Special Issue) ◽  
Author(s):  
lbrahim Tan
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Preliminary Study

Marine litter is a crucial problem for marine environment, and this problem is generally based on anthropogenic activities. Even though human-induced activities that cause marine litter are well known, they have not been assessed for the microplastic pollution yet. Here, we present the Microplastic Pollution Index (MPI); a fast, convenient, inexpensive and semi-quantitative tool for assessing land- and marinebased pressures on the sampling area. In this preliminary study, MPI were determined for eight different locations in Marmara Sea. The Marmara Sea is under the effect of several pressures, which can be seen from MPI results. Furthermore, currents and coastline morphology affect the retention time of water at the coastal zone. The highest MPI values were obtained from the Izmit and Bandırma gulfs, whereas the lowest value was found at entrance of the Dardanelle Strait. MPI values and manta net abundance values for each station showed a good linear relation (R2 = 0.58; F = 7.113; DF =1, q = 0.045). No correlation was found between the water column and sediment abundance values. MPI is providing information on microplastic pollution, which is useful to create an effective monitoring strategy. Furthermore, environmental managers can use this information to combat, restore and protect coastal waters against the microplastic pollution.

scholarly journals Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1366-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
DESRITA DESRITA ◽  
AHMAD MUHTADI ◽  
ISTEN SWENO TAMBA ◽  
JENI ARIYANTI ◽  
RINA DRITA SIBAGARIANG
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
North Sumatra

Desrita, Muhtadi A, Tamba IS, Ariyanti J, Sibagariang RD. 2018. Community structure of nekton in the upstream of WampuWatershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1366-1374. River is a habitat for many aquatic organisms. Water quality is themain river characteristic that strongly influences distribution pattern, biodiversity, and abundance of aquatic organisms. Nekton isaquatic organism that swims and moves actively on their desire, for example, fish, shrimp, amphibian and also big aquatic insects. Thepurpose of this research was to know the habitat condition and biodiversity of nekton in the upstream of Wampu watershed. The habitatcondition was measured by examining the temperature, visibility, flow velocity, depth of waters, dissolved oxygen, pH, kind ofsubstrate, the width of the river, body width of river and rate of flow of the river. The type of nekton was determined by catching thenekton using a backpack of electrofishing unit with an electric flow of 12 Volt and 9 Ampere. The upstream habitat condition of Wampuwatershed was characterized by big stone, pebble, sandy type of substrate with moderate to strong current flow, and the clear aquatic.Physical and chemical parameters in upstream of Wampu watershed were still sustainable and appropriate as habitat for fish and shrimp.The result of this research showed a variety of nekton collected, comprised of 27 species of fish, five species of shrimp of inland water.Two species of fish from Tor genera, i.e., T. soro and T. tambroides were also found in this study. The highest diversity (H´) in thisresearch site was the Bahorok River (2.12), followed by Landak River (1.93) at the second, and the lowest was Berkail River with onlyabout 1.50 diversity index.

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