Abstract 321: Central Blood Pressure Regulation in Relation to Hypertension and Adiposity in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E Hultgren ◽  
Nicholas G Evanoff ◽  
Alexander M Kaizer ◽  
Kyle D Rudser ◽  
Donald R Dengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Introduction: The relationship between different central BP measurements with hypertension status in youth is not well documented. We hypothesized that measures of central BP would be positively associated with hypertension status in youth independent of adiposity. Methods: We recruited 149 males and 160 females for this cross-sectional analysis (mean±SD: age = 12.8±2.7; BMI percentile (%) = 78.5±27.8). Body fat % was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and brachial BP was measured using an automated cuff to calculate systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Determined by systolic percentile, there were 238 normotensive (<90 th ), 29 pre-hypertensive (<90 th - <95 th ), and 42 hypertensive (<95 th ) individuals enrolled. Central BP was determined using the SphygmoCor MM3 system to calculate carotid-aorta SBP (caSBP) carotid-aorta DBP (caDBP) radial-aorta SBP (raSBP) and radial-aorta DBP (raDBP). Central BP measures were compared across hypertension status groups using ANCOVA, with post-hoc Tukey HSD, adjusted for age, sex, and race. Pearson correlations (unadjusted) and multiple linear regression models, examining the relationship between central BP measures with brachial BP adjusted for age, sex, race, and height, were conducted with further adjustment for body fat % (shown as β±SE). Results: raSBP, caSBP, raDBP, and caDBP were significantly different between the normotensive and hypertensive groups (all p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were found between normotensive and pre-hypertensive or between pre-hypertensive and hypertensive groups. raSBP and caSBP were correlated to SBP (r=0.59, r=0.62, respectively, p<0.001). raDBP and caDBP were correlated to DBP (r=0.58, r=0.6, respectively, p<0.001). In regression analysis, SBP was positively associated with both raSBP and caSBP (β=0.3±0.06, p<0.001) and (β=0.28±0.08, p<0.001), respectively. DBP was positively associated with raDBP and caDBP (β=0.31±0.06, p<0.001) and (β=0.31 ±0.06, p<0.001), respectively. All associations remained significant after adjustment for body fat %. Conclusion: These data suggest that central BP, regardless of measurement site, is highly associated with brachial BP and hypertension status in youth independent of adiposity.

Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Chinese Preconceptional Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lin Ji ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lap Ah Tse ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Organophosphates (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in China. The Chinese population, including preconceptional women, is highly exposed, yet little is known regarding the associations between OP exposure and menstruation in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in women preparing for pregnancy to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of OP exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics. From 2013 to 2015, 627 women visiting free preconception-care clinics at 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, were included. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was obtained through questionnaires. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urine concentrations of 6 dialkylphosphate metabolites (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate). The relationship between concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites and menstrual cycle characteristics was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models. Log-transformed levels of diethyl phosphate metabolites (the sum of diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels) were related to a higher risk of irregularity of menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.34). Subjects with a higher concentration of diethyl phosphate metabolites (log-transformed) had a shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted β = −0.33, 95% confidence interval: −0.64, −0.02). The findings suggest that OP exposure may be associated with alterations in menstrual function in preconceptional women.

Abstract P240: Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Chilean Young Adults: Results From the Santiago Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena S Pacheco ◽  
Estela Blanco ◽  
Raquel Burrows ◽  
Paulina Correa-Burrows ◽  
Jose L Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Causes of obesity, a leading risk factor for chronic disease morbidity/mortality, are multi-faceted and encompass behavioral and psychological factors. Understanding eating behavior can help target behavioral obesity interventions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE) behaviors and body composition in a sample of Chilean young adults. Methods: Using data from 429 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (mean age 22.5±0.4 years), evaluated from 2016-2017, linear and logistic regression models assessed the independent associations between three eating behavior dimensions, using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (1-4 range per dimension), and BMI, % body fat (measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and central obesity, accounting for demographic covariates, stratified by sex. Results: The sample was 51% female and had a mean BMI of 26.9±6.1. Mean % body fat was 30.5±7.6 in males and 41.8±6.9 in females. CR and EE eating behaviors were associated with body composition measures as shown in the Table 1. CR was related to a 2.4 (95% CI 1.2, 4.8) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4, 4.5), respectively, greater odds of being an obese male (>25% body fat) and obese female (>37% body fat). The EE dimension was also significantly associated with percent body fat in both sexes. The greatest effect size in the linear regression models was observed for central obesity. For every point increase in CR, waist circumference increased by 5.1 cm (95% CI 2.1-8.1) and 4.1 cm (95% CI 1.5-6.7) in males and females, respectively. EE was positively associated with central obesity in females. Conclusions: In this sample of Chilean young adults, CR and EE eating behavior dimensions were associated with obesity, central obesity and% body fat. The UE dimension was not associated with body composition. Understanding the dynamics of and interplay of eating behaviors and body composition can provide evidence for future effective interventions.

scholarly journals Plasma Levels of Phosphorylated Tau 181 Are Associated With Cerebral Metabolic Dysfunction in Cognitively Impaired Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoza Z Lussier ◽  
Andréa L. Benedet ◽  
Joseph Therriault ◽  
Tharick A. Pascoal ◽  
Cécile Tissot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers are primarily evaluated through MRI, PET, and CSF methods in order to diagnose and monitor disease. Recently, advances in the assessment of blood-based biomarkers have shown promise for simple, inexpensive, accessible, and minimally invasive tools with diagnostic and prognostic value for AD. Most recently, plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) has shown excellent performance. The relationship between plasma p-tau181 and cerebral metabolic dysfunction assessed by [18F]FDG PET in AD is still unknown.MethodsThis study was performed on a total of 892 individuals (297 cognitively unimpaired; 595 cognitively impaired) from the ADNI cohort. Plasma p-tau181 was assessed using single molecular array (Simoa) technology and metabolic dysfunction was indexed by [18F]FDG PET. Cross-sectional associations between plasma and CSF p-tau181 and [18F]FDG were assessed using voxelwise linear regression models, with individuals stratified by diagnostic group and by Aβ status. Associations between baseline plasma p-tau181 and longitudinal rate of brain metabolic decline were also assessed in a subset (n=389) of individuals using correlations and voxelwise regression models.ResultsPlasma p-tau181 was elevated in Aβ+ and cognitively impaired individuals as well as in APOE ε4 carriers, and was significantly associated with age, worse cognitive performance, and CSF p-tau181. Cross-sectional analyses showed strong associations between plasma p-tau181 and [18F]FDG PET in Aβ+ and cognitively impaired individuals. Voxelwise longitudinal analyses showed that baseline plasma p-tau181 concentrations were significantly associated with annual rates of metabolic decline only in cognitively impaired individuals, bilaterally in the medial and lateral temporal lobes.ConclusionsThe associations between plasma p-tau181 and reduced brain metabolism, primarily in cognitively impaired and in Aβ+ individuals, supports the use of plasma p-tau181 as a simple, low-cost, minimally invasive, and accessible tool to both assess current and predict future metabolic dysfunction associated with AD, comparatively to PET, MRI, and CSF methods.

scholarly journals Consistency of fat mass–fat-free mass relationship across ethnicity and sex groups

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T. Broyles ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
George A. Bray ◽  
Frank L. Greenway ◽  
William D. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship

The model developed by Forbes (1987) of how body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) change during periods of weight loss or gain (Δ body weight (BW)) assumed that they change in relationship to a constantC = 10·4, where ΔFFM/ΔBW = 10·4/(10·4+FM). Forbes derivedCbased on aggregated, cross-sectional data from a small sample of women. The objective of the present study was to reanalyse the relationship described by Forbes and to explore whether this relationship is consistent across ethnicity and sex groups using cross-sectional data from a large sample of white and African-American men and women. Baseline data from white and African-American men and women aged 18–60 years, who participated in a clinical study at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center since 2001 and who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, were available for analysis. To overcome differences in BMI distributions among the ethnicity-by-sex groups, a stratified random sample of participants was selected within each group such that numbers in each BMI category ( < 25, 25–29·9, 30–34·9, 35–39·9, 40+ kg/m2) were proportional to those within the group with the smallest sample size, yielding a sample of 1953 individuals. Linear regression models assessed the FM–FFM relationship across the four ethnicity-by-sex groups. The FM–FFM relationship varied little by ethnicity (P = 0·57) or by sex (P = 0·26). The constant describing the FM–FFM relationship was estimated to be 9·7 (95 % CI 9·0, 10·3). In conclusion, results from our large, biethnic sample of men and women found a FM–FFM relationship very close to that originally described by Forbes, absent of significant variability by ethnicity or sex.

scholarly journals Blood Metabolomic Profiling Confirms and Identifies Biomarkers of Food Intake

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Julia Langenau ◽  
Kolade Oluwagbemigun ◽  
Christian Brachem ◽  
Wolfgang Lieb ◽  
Romina di Giuseppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Specific Potential ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Potential Use

Metabolomics can be a tool to identify dietary biomarkers. However, reported food-metabolite associations have been inconsistent, and there is a need to explore further associations. Our aims were to confirm previously reported food-metabolite associations and to identify novel food-metabolite associations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 849 participants (57% men) of the PopGen cohort. Dietary intake was obtained using FFQ and serum metabolites were profiled by an untargeted metabolomics approach. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify previously reported food-metabolite associations and analyzed these associations using linear regression. To identify potential novel food-metabolite associations, datasets were split into training and test datasets and linear regression models were fitted to the training datasets. Significant food-metabolite associations were evaluated in the test datasets. Models were adjusted for covariates. In the literature, we identified 82 food-metabolite associations. Of these, 44 associations were testable in our data and confirmed associations of coffee with 12 metabolites, of fish with five, of chocolate with two, of alcohol with four, and of butter, poultry and wine with one metabolite each. We did not identify novel food-metabolite associations; however, some associations were sex-specific. Potential use of some metabolites as biomarkers should consider sex differences in metabolism.

scholarly journals Sleep Duration is Inversely Associated with Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio in an Elderly Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Nancy Babio ◽  
Andrés Díaz-López ◽  
Miguel Martínez-González ◽  
Nerea Becerra-Tomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The aim of the study was to evaluate sleep duration and sleep variability in relation to serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and SUA to creatinine ratio. This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 1842 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) PREDIMED-Plus trial. Accelerometry-derived sleep duration and sleep variability were measured. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the aforementioned associations. A 1 hour/night increment in sleep duration was inversely associated with SUA concentrations (β = −0.07, p = 0.047). Further adjustment for leukocytes attenuated this association (p = 0.050). Each 1-hour increment in sleep duration was inversely associated with SUA to creatinine ratio (β = −0.15, p = 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that longer sleep duration is associated with lower SUA concentrations and lower SUA to creatinine ratio.

scholarly journals Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
Karen E. Peterson ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Sarcopenic Postmenopausal Women: The OsteoLaus Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Bérengère Aubry-Rozier ◽  
Georgios Papadakis ◽  
Martin Preisig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSarcopenia, similar to hypercortisolism, is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength. Cortisol circadian rhythm changes with aging (blunted late-day nadir values) were suggested to contribute to this decline. We aimed to explore the relationship between diurnal salivary cortisol values and sarcopenia diagnosis and its components in postmenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study within the OsteoLaus population-based cohort in Lausanne (Switzerland). Participants had a body composition assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a grip strength (GS) measure, and salivary cortisol measures (at awakening, 30 min thereafter, 11 AM (sc-11AM) and 8 PM (sc-8PM)). Associations between salivary cortisol and sarcopenia diagnosed by six different criteria (based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) assessed by DXA, and muscle strength by GS), and its components, were analyzed. 471 women aged > 50 years (63.0 ± 7.5) were included. Various definitions identified different participants as sarcopenic, who consistently presented higher salivary cortisol at 11 AM and/or 8 PM. There were no associations between salivary cortisol levels and ALM measures, either absolute or after correction to height squared (ALM index) or body mass index. GS was inversely correlated to sc-11AM (r = − 0.153, p < 0.001) and sc-8PM (r = − 0.118, p = 0.002). Each 10 nmol/l increase of sc-11AM, respectively sc-8PM, was associated with a GS decrease of 1.758 (SE 0.472) kg, respectively 2.929 (SE 1.115) kg. In postmenopausal women, sarcopenia is associated with higher salivary cortisol levels at 11 AM and 8 PM. An increase of daily free cortisol levels in the physiological range could participate to sarcopenia development by decreasing muscle function in postmenopausal women.

The Opioid Epidemic and Homicide in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782098684
Author(s):  
Richard Rosenfeld ◽  
Joel Wallman ◽  
Randolph Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Overdose Death ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between the opioid epidemic and homicide rates in the United States. Methods: A county-level cross-sectional analysis covering the period 1999 to 2015. The race-specific homicide rate and the race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate are regressed on demographic, social, and economic covariates. Results: The race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate is positively associated with race-specific homicide rates, net of controls. The results are generally robust across alternative samples and model specifications. Conclusions: We interpret the results as reflecting the violent dynamics of street drug markets, although more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions about the mechanisms linking opioid demand and homicide.

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