Abstract P009: Dietary Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Men - A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Åkesson ◽  
Charlotte Bergkvist ◽  
Marika Bergkvist ◽  
Anders Glynn ◽  
Bettina Julin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcb Exposure

Introduction: Fish consumption may promote cardiovascular health. The role of major food contaminants present in fish, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is, however, largely unexplored. Experimental studies indicate that PCBs cause endothelial cell dysfunction, hyperlipidemia and hypertension and cross-sectional associations have been observed between PCB-biomarkers and several intermediate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. PCBs accumulate and magnify in the food chain and fatty fish is a dominating source of exposure in populations with a relatively high fish intake. We assessed the hypothesis that dietary PCB exposure is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and that the exposure may mask a protective association with marine omega-3 fish fatty acids intake. Methods: Validated food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of dietary PCB exposure was obtained at baseline (1997) in 36,759 men from the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men, free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The estimated dietary PCB exposure was based on the food concentrations of PCB congener 153 at the time of baseline. PCB-153 is the most abundant congener in food and an excellent indicator for total PCB in food and in blood. The long-term dietary PCB exposure assessments showed acceptable validity against six PCB congeners in serum (correlation coefficients 0.30 to 0.58). Cases of MI were ascertained via register-linkage through 2010. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. : Results During 12 years of follow-up (433,243 person-years), we ascertained 3,005 incident cases of MI. The major dietary sources of PCB exposure was fish, dairy products and meat. Compared with the lowest quintile of dietary PCB exposure (median 113 ng/day), men in the highest quintile (median 436 ng/day) had multivariable-adjusted RR of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1.41) for MI, without adjusting for the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids. In a separate model, we observed no association between the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids and MI (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.24). In mutually-adjusted models, dietary PCB exposure was associated with RR 1.72 (95% CI 1.28-2.30), and the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids with RR, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.50-0.90), comparing highest quintiles with lowest. Conclusions: Exposure to an integrated measure of total PCBs from food was associated with increased risk of MI in men. The results may provide important information regarding the risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption. To increase the net benefits of fish consumption, PCB contamination should be reduced to a minimum: Future studies are needed to clarify the concentrations of PCBs that may offset the beneficial effects of fish consumption.

Abstract P104: Dietary Polychlorinated biphenyls and Long-chain Omega-3 Fish fatty acids Exposures and Risk of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kippler ◽  
Carolina Donat Vargas ◽  
Marika Berglund ◽  
Anders Glynn ◽  
Alicja Wolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Pcb Exposure

The potential beneficial effects of fish consumption on heart failure (HF) may be modified by major food contaminants in fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in particular, have been associated with well-established risk factors of HF such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Likewise, experimental and cross-sectional studies in humans suggest that PCB exposure may be involved in the development of HF. We aimed to assess the association of both dietary PCB and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids exposures with risk of HF in two large population-based prospective cohorts. We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, comprising 32,867 women and 36,545 men, free of cancer, heart failure, myocardial infarction and diabetes at baseline in 1997. A questionnaire on diet (96-food items) and lifestyle factors was completed at baseline. We calculated validated estimates of dietary PCB exposure and intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. First incident cases of HF were ascertained through computerized linkage to the National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register, defined as hospitalizations for (listed as the primary diagnosis) or death from HF. We use multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), by quintiles of dietary PCB and EPA/DHA and controlling for known HF risk factors. During an average of 12 years of follow-up, 1,263 and 1,606 first incident cases of HF were ascertained in women and men, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted models, we observed no association between dietary PCB exposure or EPA/DHA intake and risk of HF. However, after additional mutual adjustments for PCBs and EPA/DHA, HRs for dietary PCB exposure were 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08-2.38) among women and 1.40 (95% CI, 0.97-2.02) among men, comparing extreme quintiles. The corresponding HRs for EPA/DHA intake were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.42-0.92) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.55-1.13), respectively. Dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased risk of HF in women, while EPA/DHA intake was associated with a lower risk of HF. Results for men was less evident but showed a similar trend. The results provide important information regarding the risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption, especially in cardiovascular disease prevention.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsoon Park ◽  
Jeehyun Lim ◽  
Jaeung Lee ◽  
Soon-gil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fatal Myocardial Infarction

The risk of CHD has been linked to n-3 and trans-fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower n-3 fatty acids and higher trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with an increased risk of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and that fatty acid profiles can discriminate MI cases from controls. Fifty cases with acute non-fatal MI and fifty age- and sex-matched controls without MI were recruited. The Omega-3 Index (the sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes) was significantly lower in cases than controls (9·57 (sem 0·28) v. 11·81 (sem 0·35) %; P < 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were significantly higher (1·01 (sem 0·04) v. 0·56 (sem 0·03) %; P < 0·001). The Omega-3 Index was associated with decreased risk of MI (OR 0·08 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·38); P = 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 72·67 (95 % CI 6·68, 790·74); P < 0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of fatty acid profiles was larger than that for traditional risk factors, suggesting that fatty acid profiles make a higher contribution to the discrimination of MI cases from controls compared with modified Framingham risk factors. In conclusion, a higher Omega-3 Index and lower trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with a decreased risk of MI. Furthermore, fatty acid profiles improve discrimination of acute non-fatal MI compared with established risk factors.

scholarly journals Fish consumption, contaminants and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: many more benefits than risks

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA. Scorza ◽  
RM. Cysneiros ◽  
RM. Arida ◽  
VC. Terra ◽  
HR. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

People with epilepsy have an increased risk of dying prematurely and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP is mainly a problem for patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. The ultimate goal of research in SUDEP is to develop new methods to prevent it and actions other than medical and surgical therapies that could be very useful. Nutritional aspects, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids deficiency, could have an interesting role in this scenario. Some animal and clinical studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids could be useful in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and hence SUDEP. It has been ascertained that the only foods that provide large amounts of omega-3 are seafood (fish and shellfish); however, some fish are contaminated with methylmercury, which may counteract the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Our update review summarises the knowledge of the role of fish consumption on epilepsy research.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and effects on cardiometabolic risk factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2004-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Clinical and epidemiological studies provide support that the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish and fish oils are cardioprotective, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention.

scholarly journals Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Marianne Molin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orit Schieir ◽  
Cedomir Tosevski ◽  
Richard H Glazier ◽  
Sheilah Hogg-Johnson ◽  
Elizabeth M Badley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Review Criteria ◽  
Age And Sex

ObjectiveTo synthesise, quantify and compare risks for incident myocardial infarction (MI) across five major types of arthritis in population-based studies.MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases with additional manual/hand searches for population-based cohort or case-control studies published in English of French between January 1980 and January 2015 with a measure of effect and variance for associations between incident MI and five major types of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout or osteoarthritis (OA), adjusted for at least age and sex. All search screening, data abstraction quality appraisals were performed independently by two reviewers. Where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results from studies with a minimum of 10 events.ResultsWe identified a total of 4, 285 articles; 27 met review criteria and 25 criteria for meta-analyses. In studies adjusting for age and sex, MI risk was significantly increased in RA (pooled relative risk (RR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.90), gout (pooled RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73), PsA (pooled RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69), OA (pooled RR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71) and tended towards increased risk in AS (pooled RR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65). Traditional risk factors were more prevalent in all types of arthritis. MI risk was attenuated for each type of arthritis in studies adjusting for traditional risk factors and remained significantly increased in RA, PsA and gout.ConclusionsMI risk was consistently increased in multiple types of arthritis in population-based studies, and was partially explained by a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors in all types of arthritis. Findings support more integrated cardiovascular (CV) prevention strategies for arthritis populations that target both reducing inflammation and enhancing management of traditional CV risk factors.

scholarly journals Psoríase e Doença Cardiovascular

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Tiago Torres ◽  
Rita Sales ◽  
Carlos Vasconcelos ◽  
Manuela Selores
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Psoriasis is a common, chronic and systemic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome, but also with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, like myocardial infarction or stroke. The chronic inflammatory nature of psoriasis has been suggested to be a contributing and potentially independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular comorbidities and precocious atherosclerosis. Aiming at alerting clinicians to the need of screening and monitoring cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors in psoriatic patients, this review will focus on the range of cardiometabolic comorbidities and increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with psoriasis.

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