Abstract 38: Glucose Levels and Brain Gray Matter Volume in Middle-aged Adults: Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Elbejjani ◽  
R Nick Bryan ◽  
Pamela J Schreiner ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Type II diabetes has been widely linked to a higher risk of dementia. Some studies have also shown relationships between diabetes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of exacerbated brain aging and neurocognitive pathology, such as gray matter (GM) volume atrophy. However, data on the earlier impacts of glucose levels on GM volume in younger subjects are scarce. Objective: We assessed the cross-sectional relationship of fasting glucose levels and GM volume measured at middle-age. Methods: Data come from the brain MRI sample of the CARDIA study, a bi-racial community-dwelling cohort of middle-aged adults (n=709, mean age=50 (SD=3.5)). We used multivariable linear regression models and adjusted for potential confounders, including several cardiovascular and metabolic factors (hypertension, body mass index, smoking, history of vascular disease, and hypercholesterolemia). Results: Higher fasting glucose levels were associated with smaller total GM volume (-1 mL (95%CI= -0.16, -0.04) smaller GM volume per each 1 mg/dL increase in glucose levels). In analyses exploring the normal (<100 mg/dL), pre-diabetic (≥100, <126 mg/dL), and diabetic glucose ranges (≥126 mg/dL), we found that subjects with diabetic glucose levels had -14 mL smaller GM (95%CI= -21.50, -5.61; p=0.001) than subjects with normal glucose levels; subjects with pre-diabetic levels were not significantly different from those with normal levels (p for trend for the glucose-range categories =0.08). Conclusion: Results suggest that important relationships between glucose levels and smaller GM can already be detected at middle-age. These associations were particularly pronounced in the diabetic glucose ranges. Findings strengthen the links between vascular factors and brain health and emphasize the importance of studying the earlier stages of these links to improve our understanding of the course of brain diseases and to identify optimal time-windows for prevention and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Circulating cortisol and cognitive and structural brain measures

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (21) ◽  
pp. e1961-e1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui ◽  
Sarah C. Conner ◽  
Jayandra J. Himali ◽  
Pauline Maillard ◽  
Charles S. DeCarli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

ObjectiveTo assess the association of early morning serum cortisol with cognitive performance and brain structural integrity in community-dwelling young and middle-aged adults without dementia.MethodsWe evaluated dementia-free Framingham Heart Study (generation 3) participants (mean age 48.5 years, 46.8% men) who underwent cognitive testing for memory, abstract reasoning, visual perception, attention, and executive function (n = 2,231) and brain MRI (n = 2018) to assess total white matter, lobar gray matter, and white matter hyperintensity volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures. We used linear and logistic regression to assess the relations of cortisol (categorized in tertiles, with the middle tertile as referent) to measures of cognition, MRI volumes, presence of covert brain infarcts and cerebral microbleeds, and voxel-based microstructural white matter integrity and gray matter density, adjusting for age, sex, APOE, and vascular risk factors.ResultsHigher cortisol (highest tertile vs middle tertile) was associated with worse memory and visual perception, as well as lower total cerebral brain and occipital and frontal lobar gray matter volumes. Higher cortisol was associated with multiple areas of microstructural changes (decreased regional FA), especially in the splenium of corpus callosum and the posterior corona radiata. The association of cortisol with total cerebral brain volume varied by sex (p for interaction = 0.048); higher cortisol was inversely associated with cerebral brain volume in women (p = 0.001) but not in men (p = 0.717). There was no effect modification by the APOE4 genotype of the relations of cortisol and cognition or imaging traits.ConclusionHigher serum cortisol was associated with lower brain volumes and impaired memory in asymptomatic younger to middle-aged adults, with the association being evident particularly in women.

scholarly journals Several frailty parameters highly prevalent in middle age (50–65) are independent predictors of adverse events

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane Segaux ◽  
Amaury Broussier ◽  
Nadia Oubaya ◽  
Claire Leissing-Desprez ◽  
Marie Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Paris Area

AbstractAlthough frailty can arise in middle age, very few studies have investigated frailty before 65 years. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of frailty parameters in middle-aged individuals and probe the association with future adverse events. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of community-dwelling individuals aged 50 to 65 (n = 411, median age: 59.0) having undergone a multidomain geriatric assessment (2010–2015) in an outpatient clinic in the greater Paris area of France (SUCCEED cohort). The primary outcome was a composite measure of adverse events (non-accidental falls, fractures, unplanned hospitalizations, death), recorded in 2016/2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify independent predictors. Six frailty parameters were highly prevalent (> 20%): low activity (40.1%), exhaustion (31.3%), living alone (28.5%), balance impairment (26.8%), weakness (26.7%), and executive dysfunction (23.2%). Female sex (odds ratio: 2.67 [95% confidence interval: 1.17–6.11]), living alone (2.39 [1.32–4.33]), balance impairment (2.09 [1.16–3.78]), executive dysfunction (2.61, [1.18–5.77]), and exhaustion (2.98 [1.65–5.39]) were independent predictors of adverse events. Many frailty parameters are already altered in middle-aged individuals and are predictive of adverse health events. Our findings highlight a possible need for frailty screening and preventive programs targeting middle-aged individuals.

scholarly journals Missionaries, Middle Age, and the Generative Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robert Dunaetz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

By the time career missionaries reach middle age, the risk of personal stagnation is high. Some missionaries, however, are very productive during this period of life. In Erickson’s classic description of adult development, middle-aged adults who successfully navigate this period need to lead a generative life, learning how to positively influence future generations. This paper reviews recent literature on the predictors of generativity, including awareness of early blessings and calling, awareness of others’ problems and pain, strong values and beliefs, pursuing goals to benefit others, and the presence of redemptive sequences in one’s life narrative (the story that we tell ourselves and others which helps define our identity). Missionaries are encouraged to update their life narrative, going beyond the story of their conversion to Christianity, to include stories of how God has worked in their lives in recent years.

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet and 3-year Alzheimer brain biomarker changes in middle-aged adults

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (20) ◽  
pp. e1789-e1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Berti ◽  
Michelle Walters ◽  
Joanna Sterling ◽  
Crystal G. Quinn ◽  
Michelle Logue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Amyloid Load ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

ObjectiveTo examine in a 3-year brain imaging study the effects of higher vs lower adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MeDi) on Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker changes (brain β-amyloid load via 11C-Pittsburgh compound B [PiB] PET and neurodegeneration via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] PET and structural MRI) in midlife.MethodsSeventy 30- to 60-year-old cognitively normal participants with clinical, neuropsychological, and dietary examinations and imaging biomarkers at least 2 years apart were examined. These included 34 participants with higher (MeDi+) and 36 with lower (MeDi−) MeDi adherence. Statistical parametric mapping and volumes of interest were used to compare AD biomarkers between groups at cross section and longitudinally.ResultsMeDi groups were comparable for clinical and neuropsychological measures. At baseline, compared to the MeDi+ group, the MeDi− group showed reduced FDG-PET glucose metabolism (CMRglc) and higher PiB-PET deposition in AD-affected regions (p < 0.001). Longitudinally, the MeDi−-group showed CMRglc declines and PiB increases in these regions, which were greater than those in the MeDi+ group (pinteraction < 0.001). No effects were observed on MRI. Higher MeDi adherence was estimated to provide 1.5 to 3.5 years of protection against AD.ConclusionLower MeDi adherence was associated with progressive AD biomarker abnormalities in middle-aged adults. These data support further investigation of dietary interventions for protection against brain aging and AD.

scholarly journals Blood glucose levels and cortical thinning in cognitively normal, middle-aged adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M.V. Wennberg ◽  
Adam P. Spira ◽  
Corinne Pettigrew ◽  
Anja Soldan ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals Leucine-Enriched Protein Supplementation Increases Lean Body Mass in Healthy Korean Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Yeji Kang ◽  
Namhee Kim ◽  
Yong Jun Choi ◽  
Yunhwan Lee ◽  
Jihye Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Early prevention of sarcopenia could be an important strategy for muscle retention, but most studies have focused on subjects aged 65 or older. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of leucine-enriched protein supplementation on muscle condition in a sample including late middle-aged adults. A 12-week intervention was performed for 120 healthy community-dwelling adults by providing either leucine-enriched protein supplement [protein 20g(casein 50%+ whey 40%+ soy 10%, total leucine 3000 mg), vitamin D 800IU(20 ug), calcium 300 mg, fat 1.1 g, carbohydrate 2.5 g] or isocaloric carbohydrate supplement twice per day. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and lean body mass (LBM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 111 participants completed the study, with a dropout rate of 9.2%. LBM normalized by body weight (LBM/Wt) was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the intervention group (0 wk: 63.38 ± 0.85 vs. 12 wk 63.68 ± 0.83 in the intervention group; 0 wk: 63.85 ± 0.82 vs. 12 wk: 63.29 ± 0.81 in the control group). In subgroup analyses, significant differences remained only in subjects between 50 and 64 years of age. We concluded that leucine-enriched protein supplementation can have beneficial effects by preventing muscle loss, mainly for late middle-aged adults.

IC-P-108: Impact of ApoE-Ɛ4 and family history of dementia on gray matter atrophy in cognitively healthy middle-aged adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_2) ◽  
pp. P73-P73
Author(s):  
Mara ten Kate ◽  
Ernesto Sanz-Arigita ◽  
Betty M. Tijms ◽  
Alle Meije Wink ◽  
Montserrat Clerigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Gray Matter Atrophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF MIDDLE-AGED ADULT LEARNERS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
V.A. Ioannidi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Students ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Middle Aged Adult ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

The attitude to age in Russia and abroad is rapidly changing. Now middle-aged adults are fairly recognized as capable of continuing their educational and professional activities, active self-development, long-term economic activity and financial independence. Middle-aged adults remain involved in social life in the family and society, and are ready to develop professionally and personally throughout their lives. The process of supporting professional self-development in the educational environment should be holistic and systemically organized, in which psychological and pedagogical conditions are created for successful professional training and personal self-development. In the course of the theoretical study clarified the meaning of “professional self-development of students middle-age adults”; the highlighted stages of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-development for adults; evaluation of the level of readiness of students of middle-age adults and their actual involvement in the process of professional self-development; updated pedagogical and psychological conditions of psychological and pedagogical support of students middle-age adults; the effectiveness of the activities of the participants of the developed support program and the effectiveness of the program as a whole are analyzed. Professional self-development of middle-aged adult students is possible through the implementation of a program of psychological and pedagogical support. For an effective process of supporting professional self-development, it is necessary to create an appropriate educational environment and conditions for the formation of students involvement and readiness in this process.

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