Abstract P240: Role Of Acetic Acid Produced By Gut Microbiota In The Mechanism Of Reducing Blood Pressure By Saccharina Japonica In Renovascular Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Harui ◽  
Saki Maruyama ◽  
Yukiko Segawa ◽  
Hiroko Hashimoto ◽  
Tomoko Osera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference

In a previous study, we observed that Saccharina japonica (SJ) intake reduced blood pressure (BP) in 2-clip, 1-kidney renovascular hypertension model (2K1C) rats. However, the mechanism is not clear. Dietary fibers such as alginate, fucoidan and laminaran are components of SJ and have been reported to change gut microbiota and increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in normotensive rats. SCFAs have been reported to have an antihypertensive effect when intraperitoneally or intracolonically administered, although it was reported that 2K1C rats reduce SCFAs and bacteria which produce SCFAs compared to sham operated control model (SHAM) rats. To investigate whether acetic acid (AA), one of SCFAs, is involved in the mechanism of BP reduction by an ingestion of SJ, we observed AA, in 2K1C rats fed SJ. Under anesthesia, 2K1C and SHAM were induced to Sprague Dawley rats. Both models were allowed to ingest a standard diet (C group) or a 5% (5 of 100) SJ mixed diet (SJ group) for 7 weeks, to a drinking water freely. During the breeding period, the amount of intake, body weight, and systolic BP (SBP) of each group were observed. After that, rats were euthanized, the contents of cecum were collected, and the pH was measured. The amounts of AA were measured using a commercial kit. The SBP of 2K1C-C was significantly higher than that of SHAM-C throughout the feeding (146 ± 3 vs 131 ± 1 mmHg, p<0.05), the SBP of 2K1C-SJ was significantly lower than that of 2K1C-C (136 ± 5 vs 146 ± 3 mmHg, p<0.05). The pH of the cecal contents was significantly lowered in the SJ group rats in both SHAM and 2K1C. The amounts and concentrations of AA in the cecal contents were significantly increased in both SHAM ( 46 ± 8 vs 92 ± 9 mmol, p<0.05)and 2K1C (50 ± 3 vs 87 ± 5 mmol, p<0.05) in the SJ diet group compared with the C group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the amounts of AA between SHAM and 2K1C animal models. These results indicated that ingestion of SJ increased AA, and decreased pH in the cecal contents in both SHAM and 2K1C of the SJ group, which may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of SJ ingestion.

scholarly journals Effects of n-3 fatty acids and acute exercise on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in healthy rat aorta

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanéo Thioub ◽  
Jacques Mansourati ◽  
Charlotte Corporeau ◽  
Erwan Heylen ◽  
Jacques Delarue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Effect

The purpose of this study was to determine whether n-3 PUFA result in an effect on endothelial function that is in addition to that of acute exercise. For 4 weeks, male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a diet based on n-3 PUFA or a standard diet. In each diet group, ten rats were submitted to an acute treadmill exercise while the remaining ten acted as sedentary controls. The running speed was progressively increased until the animals were exhausted. Endothelial function was then assessed by measuring isometric tension in rings of the thoracic aorta. In vessels precontracted with 0·1 μm-phenylephrine, responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were significantly improved following acute exercise in all diet groups. When PUFA supplementation was compared to the standard diet no significant difference was found in response to ACh, either at rest or after an acute exercise. Pretreatment of rings with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl esther (50 μm) inhibited the ACh-mediated vasorelaxation in all groups. Response to 10 μm-nifedipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, was similarly enhanced after acute exercise in both standard and PUFA diets. Furthermore, response to 0·01 μm-nifedipine was significantly higher after acute exercise only in the PUFA diet. In conclusion, in our ‘healthy’ rat model with ‘normal’ baseline endothelial function, acute exercise improves response to ACh while PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with acute exercise has no effect on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. However, PUFA may potentiate the acute exercise effect on smooth muscle cell relaxation via L-type Ca2+ channel modifications.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of a New Tablets Formulation fromTamarindus indicaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rafael Rodriguez Amado ◽  
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada ◽  
Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz ◽  
Renato Pérez Rosés ◽  
Humberto Morris Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I

Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells primarily by producing reactive oxygen species. The decoction of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL. is used for liver disorders. In this work we evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a tablet formulation of this plant. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). First group (I) is control group, fed with standard diet. Groups II to V (hepatotoxic groups) were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of CCl4(0.5 mL/kg). Group II was negative control, fed with standard diet; group III was subjected to administration of Silymarin 150 mg/kg and groups IV and V were treated with tablets in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and a lipid profile were evaluated too. The tablets inhibit lipid peroxidation. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with tablets. The liver function using dose of 200 mg/kg of tablets was better than the other experimental groups. These results justify, scientifically, the ethnobotanical use of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL.

Naloxone attenuates development of hypertension in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E839-E842
Author(s):  
M. Chen ◽  
J. G. Lee ◽  
R. L. Malvin ◽  
B. S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

The present experiments were designed to determine if an opiate antagonist affects blood pressure in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 received an infusion of saline intraperitoneally via an osmotic pump and left renal artery constriction (RAC). In group 2, rats were treated the same as group 1, except that they received an intraperitoneal infusion of naloxone (100 micrograms/h). Group 3 received the same infusion of naloxone without RAC. Naloxone-infused Goldblatt rats showed a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) than saline-infused Goldblatt rats (132 +/- 7 vs. 160 +/- 9 mmHg at day 14), but a higher SBP than control (132 +/- 7 vs. 106 +/- 1 mmHg). Infusion of naloxone did not significantly change SBP in normotensive rats. Renal renin activity in the clipped kidney was higher than in the nonclipped kidney in groups 1 and 2. Plasma renin activity (PRA) in both groups of Goldblatt rats was higher than in group 3, but no significant difference was found between the two groups of Goldblatt rats (groups 1 and 2). Naloxone (1.5 microM) did not affect the basal secretion of renin by isolated cortical slices from untreated rats. The present data demonstrate that naloxone significantly attenuates the development of hypertension in two-kidney one-clip rats. The attenuation of blood pressure was not associated with the changes in PRA, renal renin activity, or plasma aldosterone concentrations. The data support the hypothesis that the endogenous opioid system may be involved in the development of renovascular hypertension.

scholarly journals Effect of Kefir, Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and the Association Between Yacon and Kefir on Intestinal Physiology in Rats With Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Neuza Costa ◽  
Keila Zanardi ◽  
Caroline Woelffel ◽  
Andre Costa ◽  
Mirelle Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of consumption of yacon flour, kefir and the association between them on colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male Wistar rats, SCFA production, fecal pH and intestinal permeability. Methods The study was conducted with 60 adult Wistar rats divided into 5 groups. For 5 weeks, groups T, Y, K and YK received 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce colon cancer. After 5 weeks of DMH administration, animals in groups C and T received the standard diet, group Y received a diet with yacon flour with 5% FOS, group K received 1mL /day of kefir and the YK group received a diet with yacon and kefir, for 15 weeks. After euthanasia, intestinal lesions, intraluminal pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and intestinal permeability were analyzed. Results An increase in macroscopic lesions was observed in groups K (58%) and YK (42%) and a reduction of 5% in group Y, compared to group T. In addition, an increase in neoplastic changes was observed in all groups compared to group T: Y (33%), K (67%) and YK (78%). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of acetate and proprionate, pH, lactulose and mannitol between groups, and butyrate was not found in the samples. Conclusions The consumption of yacon flour, kefir and their association did not influence intestinal physiology and promoted the worsening of the development of colon carcinogenesis in rats. Funding Sources FAPES - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

scholarly journals The Effect of Tempeh Gembus Variations to Serum Levels of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Serum Levels of Fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley Rats with Aterogenic Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partika Kharunia Dewi ◽  
Diana Nur Afifah ◽  
Ninik Rustanti ◽  
Mohammad Sulchan ◽  
Gemala Anjani
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are widespread and causes many deaths in the world. The concentration of acute phase protein: C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen will rise dramatically when inflammation happens, which that can be used as an early marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Tempeh gembus contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids and isoflavones are believed to reduce the inflammatory reaction. The aim of the study was to determinate the effect of tempeh gembus variations to levels of hcCRP and levels of fibrinogen of Sprague Dawley rats with atherogenic diet. Material and methods: This study was quasi-experimental with posttest only randomized control group design using 35 Sprague Dawley mice. The rats were randomized into 5 groups: negative control group given the standard diet, the positive control group given standard diet and atherogenic diet, and three treatment groups were given the standard diet, atherogenic diet and variation of tempeh gembus (tempeh gembus, heated tempeh gembus and tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme) for 28 days. Serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen examined using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Results and conclusions: The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment for hsCRP serum level indicated a significant difference (p=0.028) between the negative control group, positive control group and first group with the third group. Fibrinogen serum levels showed significant differences in all treatment groups (p =0.042), administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme is the most effective treatment is shown by a significant difference between the negative control group and the positive control group with third group. The administration of tempeh gembus with bromelain enzyme for 28 days can reduce the serum levels of hsCRP and fibrinogen on rats significantly.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA LINN) TERHADAP HOMA-Β PADA TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 The effect of Tamarind Leaf (tamarindus indica linn) Extract on HOMA-β in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Devi Novia ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Yulia Lanti Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Significant Difference

Nowadays the epidemiological burden of diabetes increases with long life-threatening symptoms and the effects      of antidiabetic drugs. Lack of insulin activity is one of the signs of a drop in diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms in antidiabetic include stimulating β-Langerhans cells which secrete insulin and inhibit enzyme activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of giving tamarind leaf extract on levels of homa-β in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. This study used 30 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks with a bodyweight of 150-200 grams and separated into 5 groups. The first group is KN group (DMT2 mice + standard diet), group 2 is KP (DMT2 + Acarbose mice), group 3 is P1 (DMT2 mice + tamarind leaf extract 28 mg / 200gr / day), group 4 is P2 (rat DMT2 + tamarind leaf extract 56 mg/200gr/day), and group 5 is P3 (DMT2 rat + tamarind leaf extract 112 mg / 200gr / day). The measurement method for Homa-β is to use a standardized formula and use the results of blood tests for fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. The results of the inter-variable study using one-way Anova found a significant difference between the levels of homa-β and the administration of tamarind leaves extract in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus model (p <0.05). There were significant differences in the 5 treatment groups. On the 7th day, there was an increase in homa-β levels in the KP, P1, P2, and P3 groups while in the KN group decreased in homa-β levels. The P3 group was seen to have the highest increase in homa-β levels in the 14th day, but on the 14th day there was no significant difference between the acarbose drug group (99.57 ± 6.41) and the P3 group (15.09 ± 1, 71). The conclusion was the administration of tamarind extract at a dose of 28.56, and 112 mg/kgBW/day significantly increased levels of HOMA-β for 7 and 14 days in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Obesity-Induced Hypertension Develops in Young Rats Independently of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

2006 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita D. Smith ◽  
Michael W. Brands ◽  
Mong-Heng Wang ◽  
Anne M. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension

A correlation exists between obesity and hypertension. In the currently available models of diet-induced obesity, the treatment of rats with a high fat (HF) diet does not begin until adulthood. Our aim was to develop and characterize a model of pre-pubescent obesity-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HF diet (35% fat) for 10 weeks, beginning at age 3 weeks. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff, and a terminal blood sample was obtained to measure fasting blood glucose, insulin, plasma renin, aldosterone, thiobarbitutic acid reactive substances (TBARS), and free 8-isoprostanes levels. The vascular reactivity in the aorta was assessed using a myograph. Blood pressure was increased in rats fed the HF diet (HF, 161 ± 2 mm Hg vs. control, 137 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.05). Blood glucose (HF, 155 ± 4 mg/dL vs. control, 123 ± 5 mg/dL, P < 0.05), insulin (HF, 232 ± 63 pM vs. control, 60 ± 11 pM, P < 0.05), TBARS (expressed as nM of malondialdehyde [MDA]/ml [HF, 1.8 ± 0.37 nM MDA/ml vs. control 1.05 ± 0.09 nM MDA/ml, P < 0.05]), and free 8-isoprostanes (HF, 229 ± 68 pg/ml vs. control, 112 ± 9 pg/ml, P < 0.05) levels were elevated in the HF diet group. Interestingly, plasma renin and aldosterone levels were not different between the groups. The maximum vasoconstriction to phenylephrine (10−4 M) was increased in the HF diet group (HF, 26.1 ± 1.5 mN vs. control 22.3 ± 1.2 mN, P < 0.05). In conclusion, pre-pubescent rats become hypertensive and have increased oxidative stress and enhanced vasoconstriction when fed a HF diet. Surprisingly, this occurs without the increase in renin or aldosterone levels seen in the adult models of diet-induced obesity.

Effect of dietary cardiac glycosides on blood pressure regulation in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tamura ◽  
Hirotoshi Utsunomiya ◽  
Misa Nakamura ◽  
Erwin J Landon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Regular Diet

To investigate the possible physiological significance of dietary cardiac glycosides in blood pressure regulation, the blood pressure of normal Sprague Dawley rats raised on a regular diet, which naturally contains large amounts of Na+-pump inhibitors, was compared with that of rats on a purified synthetic diet, which contains no Na+-pump specific inhibitors, and with that of rats on a synthetic diet supplemented with 10 µg·mL-1 ouabain or 10 µg·mL-1 convallatoxin in the drinking water. After 6 weeks on the synthetic diet, the systolic blood pressure in the synthetic diet group was significantly elevated (145 ± 5 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05). At 10 weeks it reached a plateau (154 ± 3 vs. 122 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05). Plasma renin activity and Na+ level were significantly higher in animals fed synthetic diets than in the regular diet group (P < 0.01). Administration of either losartan or lisinopril or a switch to a low salt synthetic diet (0.03% sodium) normalized the synthetic diet-induced high blood pressure. Supplementation of the synthetic diet with the cardiac glycosides delayed the onset of the increase in blood pressure for 4 weeks. Plasma aldosterone levels were approximately doubled in the cardiac glycoside-treated groups. Higher plasma Na+ levels and hematocrit values present in the synthetic diet group were normalized by the glycoside supplements. These results suggest that supplemental dietary cardiac glycosides exert bidirectional effects on blood pressure regulation through actions that modulate extracellular fluid and electrolyte balance.Key words: cardiac glycosides, convallatoxin, ouabain, ouabain-like substance, purified synthetic diet, high blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system.

scholarly journals Effects of combined d-fagomine and omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota subpopulations and diabetes risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercè Hereu ◽  
Sara Ramos-Romero ◽  
Cristina Busquets ◽  
Lidia Atienza ◽  
Susana Amézqueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract Food contains bioactive compounds that may prevent changes in gut microbiota associated with Westernized diets. The aim of this study is to explore the possible additive effects of d-fagomine and ω-3 PUFAs (EPA/DHA 1:1) on gut microbiota and related risk factors during early stages in the development of fat-induced pre-diabetes. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a standard diet, or a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with d-fagomine, EPA/DHA 1:1, a combination of both, or neither, for 24 weeks. The variables measured were fasting glucose and glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, liver inflammation, fecal/cecal gut bacterial subgroups and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The animals supplemented with d-fagomine alone and in combination with ω-3 PUFAs accumulated less fat than those in the non-supplemented HF group and those given only ω-3 PUFAs. The combined supplements attenuated the high-fat-induced incipient insulin resistance (IR), and liver inflammation, while increasing the cecal content, the Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio and the populations of Bifidobacteriales. The functional effects of the combination of d-fagomine and EPA/DHA 1:1 against gut dysbiosis and the very early metabolic alterations induced by a high-fat diet are mainly those of d-fagomine complemented by the anti-inflammatory action of ω-3 PUFAs.

Effect of Ibuprofen on Blood Pressure Control by Propranolol and Bendrofluazide

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Davies ◽  
D. C. Rawlins ◽  
M. Busson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Drug Free

The effect of 1600 mg/day ibuprofen in two groups of patients with hypertension controlled by either propranolol or bendrofluazide was studied in a double-blind, double-placebo, randomized crossover trial. No significant difference in blood pressure was found at the end of the crossover period in either group, suggesting that the routine co-administration of ibuprofen does not attenuate the antihypertensive effect of thiazide diuretics or propranolol. Significant weight gain, attributable to fluid retention, had occurred in the bendrofluazide-treatment group by the end of the drug-free washout period. No significant change in mean weight occurred in the crossover stages in either group, although substantial weight gain was noted during ibuprofen treatment in two patients given bendrofluazide and one given propranolol. Biochemical variables were unaffected by ibuprofen throughout the crossover period. This study suggests that ibuprofen may be administered routinely to patients receiving thiazides or propranolol without loss of control of the anti-hypertensive action of these drugs but it is recommended that individuals are monitored for possible weight gain or an increase in diastolic blood pressure.

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