scholarly journals Types of interaction between mother and early age child with developmental disorders caused by neurological pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Irina E. Valitova
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
Optimal Type

Background. It is relevant to consider the possibilities and resources of the family in ensuring the proper development and correcting deficiency of a child with developmental disabilities. The analysis of interaction between an adult and a child as well as the definition of criteria and conditions of a child’s development, constitute theoretical basis for sustaining family resources, which is especially important for the early period of child development. Objective: to describe the characteristics of interaction within the dyad “mother–early age child with developmental disabilities (resulting from neurological pathology)”, to construct a typology of interaction and to determine the conditions of developing interaction for young children. Design. Sample: the dyad “mother-child of early age.” Comparison sample (n = 51): children with normotypic development (NT), the average age 24.8 months. The main sample (n = 54): children with neurological pathology (NP); neurological diagnoses: the consequences of early organic damage of the central nervous system and cerebral palsy, the average age 25.2 months. Research method: video observation of mother and child interaction in the process of joint activity with a set of toys. The data of the primary analysis of video materials in accordance with the author’s scheme were subjected to secondary analysis (assessment of differences between groups, correlation and factor analysis). Results. 4 types of interaction in the dyad “mother — early age child” are singled out. The types differ in the parameters such as: position of the mother in the interaction, level of dialogic interaction, content of the actions of mother and child and their influence on each other, creation of the zone of proximal development. The optimal type of interaction that is favourable for the development of the child is characterized by activity of both the mother and the child, the involvement and productivity of the child. The type that could be regarded as favourable with certain restrictions is the type called “child dominance”, in which the activity of the child prevails, but the activity of the mother is insufficient. The unfavourable types are “mother dominance”, characterised by the predominance of mother’s activity, the obsessive-violent maternal position and the subordinate position of the child, and the parallel type, in which there is no joint activity of mother and child. Conclusion. The study established the relationship between the mother’s actions in relation to the child and his/her productivity and activity, characterised the optimal type of interaction, which creates conditions for the development of the child and the correction of its deficiency. The task for future research is to develop programs that could be used to optimise mother–child interaction in those cases when the implementation of developing interaction is not entirely successful; such programs need to take into account the particular type of interaction within the dyad.

scholarly journals Experience of taking care of children exposed to HIV: a trajectory of expectations

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willyane de Andrade Alvarenga ◽  
Giselle Dupas
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Specialized Service

OBJECTIVE: to learn about the experience of caregivers/mothers providing care to infants exposed to HIV through vertical transmission.METHODS: this qualitative study used Symbolic Interactionism as the theoretical framework. A total of 39 caregivers of children exposed to HIV in follow-up at a specialized service were interviewed. Data were analyzed through inductive content analysis.RESULTS: four categories were identified that report on the lonely experience of handling the child's antiretroviral therapy, mainly due to a lack of information or incomplete information; being attentive to required care, such as the use of prophylaxis for pneumonia, vaccines, and other practices restricted to the mother-child interaction; the desire to omit the HIV out of fear of prejudice and fear of the disease, considering future prospects.CONCLUSION: the HIV and the threat this infection may affect the child cause apprehension and feelings such as fear, guilt and anxiety in the caregivers. Healthcare workers need to work together with mothers so they are able to cope with demands and distress. Only then will the treatment to avoid vertical transmission be efficient and will mother and child be supported during the process, despite apprehension with the outcome.

scholarly journals Penerapan prinsip DIR/Floortime Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memusatkan Atensi pada Anak dengan ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ratih Larasati ◽  
Lia M. Boediman ◽  
Mita Aswanti
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Emotional Assessment ◽  
Mother And Child

Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based approach (DIR/Floortime) is one of the available interventions focused on increasing the quality of caregiver-child interaction. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of DIR/Floortime to increase the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is a qualitative research involving two participants, a boy diagnosed with ADHD, and the mother of the boy. This research utilized observation and interview in gathering the data, accompanying the use of observation log for duration of attention and frequency of distractedness specifically designed for this research, Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS), questionnaire and interview guideline: Observing Child’s Biological Challenge (OCBC), and Sensory Processing – Motor Planning Questionnaire (SPMPQ). The result of this study indicated that the application of DIR/Floortime principles is effective in increasing the ability to sustain attention on a 4 year-old child with Early Onset ADHD, along with the increase of the functional emotional development of both mother and child as shown with the increase of attention span, the decrease of frequency of distractibility, and score increase in the Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS).

HYPOTHYROID PREVALENCE DURING PREGNANCY IN LAST ONE DECADE IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Avani Pradhan ◽  
Kamlesh Choure ◽  
Amrit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Status ◽  
Current Scenario

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is the most commonly found endocrine disorder. Its effect during pregnancy has widely been studied among women to understand the pathophysiology, outcomes, and prevalence. We collected data from several studies of last One Decade from separately studied population among all across the country regarding hypothyroid abundance. We compared more than 61 online available studies for the validation of data prevalence and to understand the status of associated risks to the mother and child in current scenario. Various risks like preeclampsia, preterm labor, anemia, IUGR, spontaneous birth, still birth, low birth weight infants, have been claimed associated in more than thirty ve studies from the nation, few of them also lighted shed on developmental disorders in neonates born under such conditions. This study conserves biggest data of 43,282 women studied for such condition. Here we found 6,952 women effected by hypothyroid, which makes an average prevalence of 14.2% and it ranges from 2.5% (lowest) - 33.82% (highest) in different places in pregnant women. This gure is higher than the reported global prevalence. These studies also found increased number of bad obstetric outcome for antenatal and postnatal risks in mothers. To prevent consequences universal screening should be acquired.

A Case Series of Children with Developmental Disabilities with Suicidality

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Arun Vangili
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
The World ◽  
Children With Developmental Disabilities

Introduction: Children with developmental disorders are more prone for mental disorders and suicidality. Suicidality often indicates a psychiatric emergency and it is crucial to have an understanding for more effective and efficient inter-vention. However there is scant literature on the prevalence, risk factors and other characteristics associated with sui-cidality in this population all over the world and especially in India. Content: In this article we highlight the factors related to suicidality in 3 children with developmental disabilities who were admitted to a tertiary care inpatient psychi-atric facility (NIMHANS). Discussion; All three children had multiple psychiatric diagnoses and greater psychosocial adversities. Conclusion: there is a need for reliable screening instruments and routine screening and clinician awareness on this aspect of caring for children with DD.

Determining Spoken Language Prognosis in Children With Developmental Disabilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Yoder ◽  
Steven F. Warren ◽  
Rebecca B. McCathren
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Intentional Communication ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Maternal Responses ◽  
Discrepancy Ratio

The purpose of this study is to predict which of 58 children (mean age=22 months) with developmental disabilities in the prelinguistic period of development would begin speaking 12 months after initial assessment. None of the children had severe or profound motor impairments. During the initial assessment period, children participated in a structured and unstructured communication sample with a project staff member. Also, at the time they entered the study, a mother-child interaction session was conducted to measure maternal responses to child communication acts, and mothers filled out a vocabulary checklist. Twelve months later, the structured and unstructured language samples were repeated. We labeled children with fewer than 5 different nonimitative spoken words in either communication samples as "prefunctional speakers" and those with 5 or more words in either sample as "functional speakers." The results indicate that functional speakers scored significantly higher than prefunctional speakers on 5 variables measured during the initial assessment period: (a) number of canonical vocal communication acts, b) number of intentional communication acts, c) rate of proto-declaratives, (d) ratio of words produced to those understood on the CDI (i.e., CDI discrepancy ratio), and (e) the number of maternal responses to child communication acts. After statistically controlling for the other significant predictors, only three of these variables continued to predict who would become functional speakers and who would not a year later: (a) number of canonical vocal communication acts, (b) rate of proto-declaratives, and c) CDI discrepancy ratio. These three variables discriminated functional speakers from prefunctional speakers with 83% accuracy.

Functions of the Pointing Gesture in Mothers and their 12 to 36-Month-Old Children during Everyday Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Amparo Muñetón Ayala ◽  
María José Rodrigo López
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pointing Gesture ◽  
Very High ◽  
At Home

This study longitudinally examined the production of pointing in four Spanish 1-year-old and four Spanish 2-year-old children in interactive situations with their mothers at home over the course of one year. Three aspects were analyzed: a) the functions of the pointing gesture, their accurate comprehension by the interlocutor (mother or child), and their order of emergence in the child; b) whether or not there were differences in the production of pointing according to who initiated the interaction; and c) whether maternal and child speech were related to maternal and child pointing production. The results showed that the pointing function of showing is the most frequent for both children and mothers from groups 1 and 2, and the first to emerge followed by the informing, requesting object, requesting action, and requesting cooperation functions. The accuracy with which these intentions were comprehended was found to be very high for both mother and child. Pointing production was greater when the speaker initiated the interaction than when the other person did, indicating that gestures follow the turn-taking system. Finally, the production of pointing to showing in children and mothers was found to be related to maternal and child speech, while pointing to request cooperation triggered the process of joint activity between mother and child.

Joint attention by mothers and children while using plans

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. de la Ossa ◽  
Mary Gauvain
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Child Involvement

This paper reports on the role of joint attentional processes in the development of children’s skill at using pictorial plans to construct objects. Efforts to establish joint attentional focus between mother and child were identified, and the nature and extent of maternal assistance and child involvement during planning were examined. Sixteen 4 to 5-year-old and sixteen 6 to 7-year-old children and their mothers participated in three problem-solving sessions (i.e., child-only pre-test and post-test, and mother-child interaction) that involved constructing a toy from multiple pieces using a pictorial, step-by-step plan. Older children were more planful than younger children during all the planning sessions. Mothers planning with younger children assumed greater responsibility for establishing joint attentional episodes than mothers planning with older children. Results indicate that mothers tailor their guidance on joint planning tasks in relation to developmental needs, and that an important aspect of these efforts is the establishment and maintenance of joint attention.

Hydration Behavior of Metakaolin-Cement Pastes with Different Contents of Reactive Aluminous at Early Age

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Zhong He Shui ◽  
Gui Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Early Age ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reactive Silica

What kind of role do the reactive aluminous has played during early hydration process of metakaolin-cement paste is investigated in present study. Therefore, metakaolin(MK) samples containing 45.94%, 22.86%, 0% reactive aluminous are prepared, respectively. In addition, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is employed to identify the crystalline phases of all specimens. The amount of acid-insoluble residue (AIR) of all specimens is used to evaluate the unreacted materials. The results obtained indicate that reactive aluminous can promote development of the early period strength significantly. Reactive silica and reactive aluminous reaction velocity was very slow during the first three days, then increased. The reaction velocity of reactive aluminous was faster than reactive silica between the first day and third day, but it shows an opposite result between the third day and seventh day.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION MODELS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHE AS THE BASIS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS CONSTRUCTION FOR CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-49
Author(s):  
Irina N. Pogozhina ◽  
Varvara A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Difficult Children

Relevance. Specialists providing psychological assistance to children with developmental disorders use programs based on different determination models. Each model and the resulting technology solves a well-defined range of problems and has limitations. The content of the models, as a rule, is not reflected, which reduces their efficiency. Purpose of the work is to compare the models determining the development of the psyche and behavior as the basis for constructing programs of psychological assistance to children with special needs. Method. Theoretical critical analysis and synthesis of literature on the research problem. Results. The contents of determination models of the development of the psyche and behavior (classical, neo-classical, post-neo-classical) are compared according to 4 characteristics. The types of determination factors and psychological assistance programs for children with developmental disorders are analyzed. A comparative analysis of psychological assistance programs and deterministic models on the basis of which they are built is carried out. The limitations of the models when using them to build developing programs are highlighted and described. It is shown how groups of factors under study are taken into account in the content of training programs. The limitations of models are highlighted and described. An innovative technology and algorithm for studying the system of determination influences in the framework of the post-neo-classical model of the private level for their use in research and practice of helping difficult children is proposed Conclusions. Determination models can be practically reviewed as clarifying and complementing each other. Understanding the possibilities and limitations of intervention technologies developed on the basis of different models expands the possibilities of providing psychological assistance to children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. The groups of external factors that determine the indicators of the development of “difficult” children do not fundamentally differ from those of normo-typical children. Groups of internal factors related to the indicators of the viability of a child and adolescent with developmental disabilities can act as learning goals in the construction of programs for psychological and pedagogical assistance to difficult children. The analysis of psychological assistance programs for children with special needs has shown that they are based on classical and neo-classical models and have both strengths and limitations due to the concepts of the systemic nature of the human psyche embedded in the models.

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