scholarly journals Diotima's Eudaemonism: Intrinsic Value and Rational Motivation in Plato's Symposium

Phronesis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 297-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Wedgwood
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
External World ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Rational Motivation

AbstractThis paper gives a new interpretation of the central section of Plato's Symposium (199d-212a). According to this interpretation, the term "καλóν", as used by Plato here, stands for what many contemporary philosophers call "intrinsic value"; and "love" (ερωζ) is in effect rational motivation, which for Plato consists in the desire to "possess" intrinsically valuable things – that is, according to Plato, to be happy – for as long as possible. An explanation is given of why Plato believes that "possessing" intrinsically valuable things, at least for mortals like us, consists in actively creating instantiations of the intrinsic values, both in oneself and in the external world, and in knowing and loving these intrinsic values and their instantiations. Finally, it is argued that this interpretation reveals that Plato's "eudaemonism" is a different and more defensible doctrine than many commentators believe.

Kant against the Animals, Part 2

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge

Opponents of Kant suppose he thinks that autonomy gives rational beings a special kind of intrinsic value. Since knowledge of intrinsic values would have to be a kind of metaphysical knowledge, this interpretation is contrary to Kant’s strictures on the limits of knowledge. Rather, Kant thinks that only rational beings can engage in reciprocal lawmaking, which is the source of moral laws. Animals cannot obligate us in the sense of participating in making laws for us. This, however, ignores a second sense in which we can have duties to animals: the laws we make for the treatment of people might also cover the treatment of animals. The chapter ends by explaining why it is hard to get this kind of conclusion using the universalization test.

A Naturalistic Intrinsic Value Theodicy

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-258
Author(s):  
Scott A. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

The theodicy explored in Chapter 13 is naturalistic in the sense that it does not appeal to the existence of good things or events or processes that cannot be studied using the natural sciences. More specifically, unlike most of the theodicies that are typically discussed in the literature, this one does not involve any claims about human survival of death, the existence of a soul, libertarian human freedom, or divine intervention, miraculous or otherwise. The theodicy explored here involves the following claims: Everything that exists is intrinsically valuable to some degree; the universe as a whole is a thing of immense intrinsic value; the immense intrinsic value of the universe as a whole provides God with a justifying reason for creating it; the evil in the world is offset by the intrinsic values of the creatures affected together with the intrinsic value of the world that comes from its regularity.

scholarly journals The effects of dust on the derived photometric parameters of disks and bulges in spiral galaxies

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S292) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
B. A. Pastrav ◽  
C. C. Popescu ◽  
R. J. Tuffs ◽  
A. E. Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Central Surface ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Balmer Lines ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dust Effects ◽  
Simulated Images

AbstractHere we present results on the effects of dust on the derived Sérsic index of disks and bulges. This is part of a larger study (see Pastrav et al. 2012a, Pastrav et al. 2012b) that quantifies the dust effects on all photometric parameters, including scale-lengths, axis-ratios, central surface brightness and effective radii of individual and decomposed (from B/D decomposition) disks and bulges. The effects of dust are derived for both broadband and narrow line (Balmer lines) images. The changes in the derived photometric parameters from their intrinsic values (as seen in the absence of dust) were obtained by fitting simulated images of disks and bulges produced using radiative transfer calculations and the model of Popescu et al. (2011). This study follows on the analysis of Möllenhoff et al. (2006), who quantified the effects of dust on the photometry of old stellar disks seen at low and intermediate inclination. We extend the study to disks at all inclinations and we investigate the changes in the photometry of young stellar disks and bulges. For the individual components, in the majority of cases: 1) the dust lowers the Sérsic index from its intrinsic value; 2) the Sérsic index decreases as the inclination and the B band central face-on dust opacity, τBf, increase. For the decomposed disks and bulges, dust slightly increases the Sérsic index as compared with the one derived on individual components (e.g. Fig. 1); this effect is stronger for higher values of the inclination, τBf and B/D.

Die Gewissheit der Orientierung

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Werner Stegmaier
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Language Game ◽  
External World ◽  
Language Games ◽  
On Certainty ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
New Interpretation

AbstractIn his treatises A Defence of Common Sense (1925), Proof of an External World (1939), and Certainty (1941), G.E. Moore wanted to put an end to the modern doubts about the certainty of reality and the ‘external world’ by pointing to the undeniable plausibilities of ‘empirical propositions,’ such as ‘I know that this is my hand’ or ‘I know that the earth had existed before my body was born.’ Wittgenstein, who was intensely grappling with Moore’s proofs during the last one and a half years before his expected death, still questioned these proofs and countered them with his concept of language games – including a different logic of the ‘connection with reality.’ Philosophically, he thereby left many loose ends in all places and admittedly a ‘gap’ between them, which he was no longer able to close. But he prepared for closing the gap by means of his concept of orientation, which he had initiated in his Philosophical Investigations without defining it in this term. In a new interpretation of On Certainty from the perspective of the Philosophy of Orientation, this paper tries to show how the attention to the phenomenon of orientation and the language game in which it is expressed can close this gap and thus carry on Wittgenstein's late philosophy to a certain point.

scholarly journals An Intrinsic Value Approach to Valuation with Forward–Backward Loops in Dividend Paying Stocks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
Anna Kamille Nyegaard ◽  
Johan Raunkjær Ott ◽  
Mogens Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic System ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
Underlying Asset ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Dividend Payments ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Equity Value ◽  
Asset Value

We formulate a claim valuation problem where the dynamics of the underlying asset process contain the claim value itself. The problem is motivated here by an equity valuation of a firm, with intermediary dividend payments that depend on both the underlying, that is, the assets of the company, and the equity value itself. Since the assets are reduced by the dividend payments, the entanglement of claim, claim value, and underlying is complete and numerically challenging because it forms a forward–backward stochastic system. We propose a numerical approach based on disentanglement of the forward–backward deterministic system for the intrinsic values, a parametric assumption of the claim value in its intrinsic value, and a simulation of the stochastic elements. We illustrate the method in a numerical example where the equity value is approximated efficiently, at least for the relevant ranges of the asset value.

scholarly journals The effect of redshift degeneracy and the damping effect of viscous medium on the information extracted from gravitational wave signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 3999-4003
Author(s):  
Shou-Li Ning ◽  
LiXin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Viscous Medium ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Cosmic Medium ◽  
Damping Rate

ABSTRACT Considering the cosmological redshift zc, the mass of GW source extracted from GW signal is 1 + zc times larger than its intrinsic value, and distance between detector and GW source should be regarded as luminosity distance. However, besides cosmological redshift, there are other kinds of redshifts should be considered, which is actually ignored, in the analysis of GW data, such as Doppler redshift and gravitational redshift, so the parameters extracted from GW may deviate from their intrinsic values. Another factor that may affect GW is the viscous medium in propagation path of GW, which may damp the GW with a damping rate of 16πGη. Some studies indicate dark matter may interact with each other, thus dark matter may be the origin of viscosity of cosmic medium. Then the GW may be rapidly damped by the viscous medium that is made of dark matter, such as dark matter ‘mini-spike’ around intermediate-mass black hole. In this article, we mainly discuss how Doppler and gravitational redshift, together with the damping effect of viscous medium, affect the informations, such as the mass and redshift of GW source, extracted from GW signals.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Value vs. Market Price: The Excess Return Period And That Elusive Margin Of Safety

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl G. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Excess Return ◽  
Value Drivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Margin Of Safety

The principle of convergence is well understood and most accept that in the long-term, market price and intrinsic value will converge. At any point in time, however, one may expect to see significant divergence between price and value. This analysis features a cross-sectional examination of 460 of the S&P 500 companies at a time when the market is under extreme duress. Of interest is the extent to which the market prices and intrinsic values of these firms are convergent, the value drivers responsible for the convergence/divergence, and the extent to which changes in the excess return period may influence valuations and, in turn, an investors margin of safety. A discriminant analysis provides a basis for distinguishing between those firms priced above and those priced below their respective intrinsic values and for identifying those variables that account for most of the between-group separation. Subsequently, intrinsic values are derived using different excess return periods and the resulting effect on the margin of safety is observed. Intrinsic values for the sample firms are derived from an estimate of free cash flow to the firm using Rappaports (1998) model.

scholarly journals ICT services features to support intrinsic value activities for productive ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Norisan Abd Karim ◽  
Haryani Haron ◽  
Wan Adilah Wan Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Productive Ageing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Low Motivation

Intrinsic values associated with ICT services activities in productive ageing. Given the advances made in ICT services that have been widely used, elderlies need to be equipped with the knowledge in using the services. The lack of ICT usage among elderlies is because of the low motivation to use the ICT applications. This in turn could be due to the lack of intrinsic values associated with the use of ICT applications among elderlies. This study explores further the features of ICT services needed to support intrinsic values activities. Brainstorming sessions is conducted in this study where it involved six ICT experts in order to identify ICT services features to support intrinsic value activities. Intrinsic motivation features are significant features in ICT services to support intrinsic value activities for productive ageing. There are five intrinsic motivation features identified in this research, which are autonomy, competence, relatedness, altruism and curiosity. The ICT services to support intrinsic value activities model comprises of the ICT services characteristics that are transactive, community-based with online communication channels, and incorporated with intelligent agents.

scholarly journals Is there a need for intrinsic values in conservation biology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Dominic Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Theory Of Value ◽  
Deep Green

Conservation biology has amongst its aims the conservation of the biologically valuable. As a consequence, some underlying theory of value is invoked. Clear challenges to orthodox value theory have been on the table for some time now, with some arguing for recognition of intrinsic values in nature, and some conservation biologists subsequently drawing on such a view. However, this development of value theory has recently been criticised for lacking sufficient clarity and failing to serve the needs of decision-making in conservation biology. These criticisms serve to highlight confusion and difficulties in the development of a coherent and efficacious theory of intrinsic value for application in decision-making. They do not, however, count as sufficient grounds for the rejection of such a theory. Sylvan appears to offer a theory that avoids the criticisms made. The debate here is instructive in clearing away some of the misguided claims frequently encountered in this area and in seeing the value in Sylvan’s “deep green theory”.

NILAI INTRINSIK KOMUNITI SETEMPAT: TINJAUAN KE ATAS PENDEKATAN SUAIGUNA SEMULA BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH DI PERAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
DAENG HALIZA DAENG JAMAL ◽  
ZULISKANDAR RAMLI ◽  
MASTOR SURAT
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government

Antara kaedah efektif dalam melestarikan bangunan bersejarah ialah menerusi pendekatan penyesuaigunaan semula bangunan. Perubahan fungsi bangunan juga dapat memanjangkan jangka hayat bangunan berkenaan selain melindunginya daripada ancaman kepupusan. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan nilai-nilai intrinsik yang berpotensi wujud dalam kalangan komuniti setempat menerusi pendekatan penyesuaigunaan semula bangunan bersejarah. Komuniti setempat yang terlibat dalam kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada penduduk tempatan di beberapa daerah di Perak. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif menerusi kajian kepustakaan dan temu bual bersama beberapa pakar bidang. Beberapa buku, artikel, dokumen rasmi kerajaan dan tesis dirujuk bagi mendapatkan maklumat. Temu bual dianalisis dengan mengalihkannya ke dalam bentuk transkrip dan dipecahkan kepada beberapa tema. Hasil kajian mendapati penyesuaigunaan semula bangunan-bangunan bersejarah telah membentuk nilai-nilai intrinsik seperti nilai sepunya, kebanggaan, semangat jiwa setempat, perasaan melambangkan, kesanggupan dan mengekalkan. Analisis kajian juga menemukan sokongan penuh komuniti setempat dalam usaha memulihara dan memelihara bangunan bersejarah menerusi pendekatan suaiguna semula dilihat mampu mengukuhkan usaha pihak kerajaan terutamanya pihak berkuasa tempatan untuk memulihara dan memelihara bangunan bersejarah sebagai identiti warisan di Perak.   Adaptive reuse is an effective method to use in preserving historic buildings. This is because changing the function may extend the lifespan of the building in addition to protecting it from the threat of extinction. This paper aims to discuss the intrinsic value that may be generated among the local community through the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. This study has involved local residents from several areas in Perak. It has used qualitative methods of literature review and interviews with several experts in the related field. Several books, articles, thesis and official government documents were referred to in order to get the data. Meanwhile, data from interviews were transcribed and divided into several themes. The study has found that adaptive reuse of historical buildings has formed the intrinsic values such as sense of belonging, pride, sense of place, symbolizing feelings, willingness and perpetuate. The analysis also has found that the local communities gave their full support to the government in the latter's efforts of conserving and preserving historic buildings. The local communities regarded the buildings as heritage identity of Perak.

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