scholarly journals Text Mining Islamic Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-281
Author(s):  
Christian Lange ◽  
Maksim Abdul Latief ◽  
Yusuf Çelik ◽  
A. Melle Lyklema ◽  
Dafne E. van Kuppevelt ◽  
...  

Abstract Digital humanities has a venerable pedigree, stretching back to the middle of the twentieth century, but despite noteworthy pioneering contributions it has not become a mainstream practice in Islamic Studies. This essay applies humanities computing to the study of Islamic law. We analyze a representative corpus of works of Islamic substantive law (furūʿ al-fiqh) from the beginnings of Islamic legal jurisprudence to the early modern period (2nd/8th-13th/19th c.) using several computational tools and methods: text-reuse network analysis based on plain-text annotations and html tags, clustered frequency-based analysis, word clouds, and topic modeling. Applying machine-guided distant reading to Islamic legal texts over the longue-dureé, we study (1) the role of the Qurʾān, (2) patterns of normative qualifications (aḥkām), and (3) the distribution of topics in our corpus. In certain instances the analysis confirms claims made in the scholarly literature on Islamic law, in other instances it corrects such claims.

Author(s):  
Mohamed Shams El Din Karim

  This study aims at shedding light on the role and activity of women in trade in Makkah and Medina in the early of Islam. It should be noted that the follower, reader and researcher in the affairs of Islamic studies in general, and historical studies in particular, find in the political system and Islamic law at the time, It stands against the aspirations of Arab Muslim women and prevents them from moving forward towards self-realization, and in the course of trade or any other activity. On the contrary, we found through this study there is great support by those who are responsible for the affairs of the emerging Islamic state at the time, Same and me Its role and ability to participate effectively in society. Thus, we note previously through research and study and careful reading of the historical sources and historical jurisprudence, in which historians cited many accounts of the role of Arab Muslim women and their active participation in the commercial activity in Mecca and Medina, and despite the low participation of women in trade, In the society, through the competition with men and in a difficult field, where we find the hardship of travel and travel between the markets and stand with the item with them, and has the ability to practice the sale and purchase, as well as speculation with money with men, and they were traveling to markets to bring the most Among the people, and thus managed to Arab Muslim women to match men, and note some of them have supported their husbands in meeting the requirements of daily life and provide a good living in a difficult and harsh environment, and historians have written in their writings the emergence of markets for women in Medina, Al-Shattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) used Al-Shifa 'bint Abdullah on these markets as an accountant to monitor what is going on in them, and it was her duty to monitor the scales and scales so that there would be no cheating. The most important findings of the study: • The study showed the role of women and they play all the vital roles and participation of their Muslim brothers and are the cause of the rise of civilizational society, through its use as a worker responsible for the market and highlighting its role and ability to perform the tasks entrusted to it in the best picture. • The location of the Arabian Peninsula, which mediates the ancient world and opens up to Yemen, Iraq, Persia, Syria and Egypt, and at the same time overlooking the waters of the Shatt al-Arab, the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, has had a significant impact on the revitalization of trade.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Akmal Tarigan ◽  
N. Nurhayati ◽  
M. Syukri Albani Nasution

North Sumatera Islam is often left out of Nusantara Islāmic studies. North Sumatera has not become a serious concern of the reviewers of the Islāmic history of the archipelago due to several things. First, North Sumatera Islam is understood as a continuation of Aceh Islam. Secondly, it could be that there is a suspicion that North Sumatera has been identified as a Christian territory from the beginning, although this argument is not strong. This study aims to find out about the communication between fellow scholars in developing science in North Sumatera. Then researchers will look at the role of educational institutions in the development of Islam in North Sumatera. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research, which aims to understand social problems, events, the role of interaction, and community groups. The qualitative approach is used by focusing on the social conditions surrounding the existence of the Ulama, who lived in his day, which became the basis in compiling the historical events of the ulama network in the development of Islam in North Sumatera in the XX century. The results of this study are; first, the scientific network among fellow North Sumatera scholars is very good; it shows from the shape of the education system. This can be seen in connection with his teachers in the Middle East. Secondly, the role of Islāmic boarding schools Musthafawiyah and Maktab  Islamiyah is very important, including as a producer of scholars in North Sumatera and a center for the study and development of Islamic Law studies in the midst of society.


Author(s):  
Ayesha S. Chaudhry

This article examines the politics of knowledge production in the field of Islamic Studies, including Islamic Legal Studies, in the context of the Qur’an and Islamic law. It thinks broadly and freshly about Islamic Studies, categorizing it anew, by considering the study of the Qur’an as it relates to three forms of Islamic Studies: White Supremacist Islamic Studies (WhiSIS), Patriarchal Islamic Legal Studies (PILS), and Intersectional Islamic Studies (IIS). The article examines the fundamental assumptions of WhiSIS and PILS, uncovering their operational logics, before discussing the theoretical framework that underlies IIS’ approach to Islamic Studies. It analyzes the critiques that WhiSIS and PILS level against IIS, and the challenges that IIS poses for both WhiSIS and PILS. It concludes by considering the role of IIS in the future of Islamic Studies.


Author(s):  
Benjamin Jokisch

This article examines the origins and evolution of Islamic law as well as its influences. In particular, it considers four major issues of Islamic law discussed by the shari‘a experts, namely: the general conception of Islamic law; the role of pre-Islamic tribal law; Islamic substantive law and the question of interaction with non-Islamic legal systems; and the early development of Islamic legal institutions such as judgeship, market inspection, law schools, and colleges. It also discusses the relationship between state and law and the factors that contributed to the institutionalization of the Islamic judiciary. Finally, it traces the origins and evolution of Islamic law according to the approaches of the traditionalists and skeptics, along with the most important objections to each approach.


1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Frank E. Vogel

This panel's center of gravity is Islamic legal theory and doctrine,particularly usul alfiqh. In this mom are many of the West's leadingscholars in this field. This puts me out of step, for my work leads me tostudy fiqh and usul alfiqh chiefly from the viewpoint of their application,an approach that is the result of spending several years in SaudiArabia studying the role of fiqh and the ulema in the Islamic legalsystem. I wish to submit, however, that there are a number of doctrinalproblems to which a study of the law's application and practice or, inother words, a study of the legal system, stands to contribute a great deal.The closing of the door of ijtihad, which I intend to discuss, is such anissue.But first let me make some general points to support the generalsuggestion I have just made. In western studies of fiqh, we have oftenomitted, justifiably or not, any consideration of the law's application.Among the valid justifications for doing so is the very vastness of thedoctrinal corpus. Another is that to get basic data on the law's historicalapplication is far more difficult than fvding its black-letter doctrine.Other justifications are more questionable. For one, we have often madecertain assumptions, which-stating them with due exaggeration-holdthat Islamic law, since it became stagnant at an early period, was usuallyignod in practice. As a d t of this, it is often maintained, fiqh retreatedinto the ideal world of scholarship while the application of the lawfell under the sway of arbitrary and despotic rulers. Approaching the lawwith such an impression, however much in the background, scholars ofIslamic law have, not surprisingly, spent little time on its application.This last justification for ignoring the law's application is now, I believe,rapidly eroding due to the efforts of scholars on many differentfronts. Some, notably Professor Hallaq, are at work countering the exaggeratedidea of the "closing of the door of ijtihad," a phrase used to conveythe idea that fiqh became utterly stultified at an early stage. Otherscholars ate examining late Shari'ah court records and legal documents ...


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normi Abdul Malek

The family is the basic unit of society that if damaged, will have a direct impact on the society at large. The increase in social problems and criminal activities are among the direct results of the decay of the family institution. Various matters within the family institution contribute to the strengthening or its weakening it. The failure of a man in carrying out his duty as the head of the family is one of the main issues addressed in this article. If he neglects his responsibilities such as non-payment of maintenance or fails to act as a guardian who protects the interests of his children, the direct victim will be the wife and the children. Sufficient evidence show that children brought up in an unhappy or broken family would have a higher tendency to be involved with evil activities outside their homes. This creates a new ailment or adds up to the existing ailments in the society. The role of the wife and mother in ensuring the stability of the family institution is also examined. Issues pertaining to polygamy also have a direct impact on increasing ailments in society, and this is also discussed. Finally, suggestions and recommendations are made in order to improve the current legislations and policies with regard to family matters so as to optimise their efficiency and contribute to minimise the ailments in the society. This article concentrates on the Islamic law as well as the legislation relating to family matters which are applicable to Muslims in Malaysia.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-169
Author(s):  
Marion Holmes Katz

The recent “ethical turn” in the study of Islamic law has directed much attention to the cultivation of “virtuous passions” as central to the project of the classical Sharīʿa. This model has been particularly salient in the study of normative rituals, and some scholars have extended it to encompass much broader social and disciplinary aspects of the ideal Sharʿī order. The present paper focuses on the concept of ḥayāʾ (shame), understood as the fear of moral or social disapprobation, which is arguably the affective trait Muslim thinkers saw as most fundamental to proper social functioning and adherence to the law. The article compares the treatment of ḥayāʾ in ethical and legal works of scholars of the Shāfiʿī legal school in the 11th to early 12th centuries and argues that works of substantive law pursued a deliberately minimal approach to the role of affect.


ALQALAM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah

There has been a concern over a high unemployment rate among graduates of Islamic higher education and a low proportion of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. In fact, a high proportion of entrepreneurs is one of indicators of a country’s welfare. This has generated a question: to what extent do Islamic values cultivate entrepreneurial culture among its adherents? How to cultivate entrepreneurial culture in Islamic higher education? This paper will investigate this matter using a case study of Faculty of Islamic Law and Economics at Banten State Institute for Islamic Studies.  The paper argues that the curriculum at the faculty of Islamic Law and Economics has not been oriented towards building entrepreneurial culture. The curriculum consists of subjects to enhance the students’ competence and skills to prepare them as bachelors of syari`ah economics for the professions such as manager, lecturer, researcher, syari`ah auditor, etc, instead of preparing them for entrepreneurs who are capable to build his or her own business from the scratch.    To propose Islamic entrepreneurship study program at the FSEI of IAIN SMHB, it is important to have a strong political will not only from the internal IAIN but also higher authoritative body such as the Ministry of Religious Affairs to facilitate this from not only the accreditation process but also financial support. A further feasibility study needs to be undertaken to build its infrastructure such as qualified lecturers, appropriate curriculum structure, and recruitment student system. Since this field has a strong link with a ‘real sector’, there has been an urgent need to build cooperations with business sector to enable the students to undertake their apprentice and build their networks to facilitate their ability to develop their own business.     Keywords: Islam, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial education.


Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Brockopp

In Islamic Studies, charisma has usually been reserved for the study of marginalized individuals. I argue here that charisma may also be applied to leadership among legal scholars. To do so, I join a long line of scholars who have modified Max Weber’s initial insights, and put forth a new, dynamic model of charismatic authority. The purpose of my model is to account for the fact that religious histories emphasize the uniqueness of the originating charismatic event, be that Prophet Muhammad’s revelations, Jesus’ theophany or the Buddha’s enlightenment, while at the same time recognizing that the charismatic cycle never quite ends. In contrast with Weber, I argue that charismatic authority in religious traditions is best understood as a network of influence and interaction through which the routinization of charisma reinterprets and redefines the meaning of the originating charismatic event.


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