At Home Abroad: Ethnicity and Enclave in the World of Scots Traders in Northern Europe, c. 1600-1800

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Catterall
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

AbstractThis article examines the formation of Scots ethnicity from the perspective of the corporate, ethnic enclave and treats Scots migrants as boundary-crossers, members of an ethnic group that could operate independently of a state-driven agenda. Beginning with the reaction in a particular Scots network to the mid-18th-century bankruptcy of a Scots merchant and progressing to an overview of Scots enclaves from the Netherlands to Poland-Lithuania, it argues that Scots traders in the North and Baltic Sea zones depended on and in turn deferred to enclaves of their fellow countrymen in conducting their lives and careers. Moreover, because they tended to provide poor relief on the basis of ethnicity and promote non-denominational codes of behavior, northern Europe's Scots enclaves could accommodate an ethnic identity somewhat shorn of confessional division. In this regard, the piece concludes, Scots seem to have operated like other boundary-crossers such as the Sephardim of northern Europe or the Armenians of New Julfa.

Melting Ice Rivers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Colopy
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

From a remote outpost of global warming, a summons crackles over a two-way radio several times a week: . . . Kathmandu, Tsho Rolpa! Babar Mahal, Tsho Rolpa! Kathmandu, Tsho Rolpa! Babar Mahal, Tsho Rolpa! . . . In a little brick building on the lip of a frigid gray lake fifteen thousand feet above sea level, Ram Bahadur Khadka tries to rouse someone at Nepal’s Department of Hydrology and Meteorology in the Babar Mahal district of Kathmandu far below. When he finally succeeds and a voice crackles back to him, he reads off a series of measurements: lake levels, amounts of precipitation. A father and a farmer, Ram Bahadur is up here at this frigid outpost because the world is getting warmer. He and two colleagues rotate duty; usually two of them live here at any given time, in unkempt bachelor quarters near the roof of the world. Mount Everest is three valleys to the east, only about twenty miles as the crow flies. The Tibetan plateau is just over the mountains to the north. The men stay for four months at a stretch before walking down several days to reach a road and board a bus to go home and visit their families. For the past six years each has received five thousand rupees per month from the government—about $70—for his labors. The cold, murky lake some fifty yards away from the post used to be solid ice. Called Tsho Rolpa, it’s at the bottom of the Trakarding Glacier on the border between Tibet and Nepal. The Trakarding has been receding since at least 1960, leaving the lake at its foot. It’s retreating about 200 feet each year. Tsho Rolpa was once just a pond atop the glacier. Now it’s half a kilometer wide and three and a half kilometers long; upward of a hundred million cubic meters of icy water are trapped behind a heap of rock the glacier deposited as it flowed down and then retreated. The Netherlands helped Nepal carve out a trench through that heap of rock to allow some of the lake’s water to drain into the Rolwaling River.

Performing the Passion: Strategies for Salvation in the Life of Stefana Quinzani (d. 1530)

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Warr
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cross ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Second Coming

In Italy, the years around 1500 were fraught for a number of reasons. There were renewed fears about the second coming of Christ and the end of the world. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire gave rise to a sense of instability and impending doom. In this climate many people became increasingly concerned about their fate in the afterlife and the need to be prepared for death and judgement. Central to this was the doctrine of purgatory. Yet, in the first decades of the sixteenth century, ideas surrounding purgatory were highly contested as heretical ideas from northern Europe began to filter into northern Italy. This paper investigates Catholic beliefs about the alleviation of purgatorial suffering through a case study of one holy woman from the north of Italy, the Dominican tertiary, Stefana Quinzani, who, according to a letter of 4 March 1500 written by Duke Ercole d’Este, endured every Friday ‘the whole of the Passion in her body, stage by stage, from the Flagellation to the Deposition from the Cross’.

scholarly journals From a DC-3 to BOSB: The Road to a Breakthrough in Military Safety Measures Against the Risks of Historic, Explosive Ordnance

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Möller
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Real Danger

AbstractApproximately 175,000 mines were laid in the Baltic Sea during the world wars, and in former mined areas in general, 10‐30% of the mines remain sunken on the seabed. The search for a Swedish aircraft downed in 1952 led to the finding of previously unknown minefields in the Baltic Sea. Subsequent historic research has identified approximately 1,985 minefields in the Baltic Sea and 4,400 minefields in the North Sea. These historic minefields present an impediment to the use of the Baltic and North Seas and are a real danger to the increasing shipping, fishery, and exploration of the seabed. The Baltic Ordnance Safety Board (BOSB) was established in 2006 to assemble information on mines and other explosives in the Baltic Sea, to prioritize areas for mine clearance, and to coordinate multinational mine clearance efforts across the Baltic Sea. The BOSB has improved the efficiency of mine clearance and the safety of seafarers and all those who have the seabed as their working ground.

scholarly journals Ethnonymy of the region as a mirror of ethnic identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
T. A. Sirotkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures

The article considers the ethnonymy of the region as a mirror of ethnic identity. On the example of the functioning of the names of peoples in the artistic texts of regional authors, the individual components of identity are analyzed and the conclusion is made that this type of language units helps the authors of works to reflect the opposition «one’s friend” in the language picture of the world of any ethnic group, as well as to express the idea of tolerant existence representatives of different cultures in a certain multinational territory.

scholarly journals ¿Cómo España trató de recuperar su poderío naval? Un acercamiento a las estrategias de la marina real sobre los suministros de materias primas forestales provenientes del báltico y Nueva España (1754-1795) = How did Spain Tried to Recover his Naval Power? An Approach to the Strategies of the Royal navy on the Supply of Forest Raw Materials from Baltic Sea and New Spain (1754-1795)

2019 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rafal B. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Present Article ◽  
New Spain ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The World ◽  
El Sistema

En el presente artículo se muestran los avances de una investigación sobre la política de suministros forestales que desarrolló la Marina Real de España a lo largo del siglo XVIII con el fin de demostrar su importancia ante la rivalidad que existía entre las potencias marítimas europeas por el dominio sobre los mares del mundo. Se propone un análisis del sistema de aprovisionamiento para los departamentos navales, en especial en relación con los proyectos de utilización de maderas novohispanas y bálticas en la construcción naval, y su valoración por los oficiales hispanos. Por otra parte, se presenta la dinámica de otorgamiento de los asientos de madera a los criollos novohispanos y, finalmente, se estudia el movimiento marítimo entre el Báltico sur y España para demostrar la valiosa participación de esta región en el sistema de pertrechos navales. A partir de lo anterior se ofrece una visión general del comercio global de suministros forestales de España, que perseguía la recuperación de su poderío naval.AbstractThe present article shows the progress of the research about the policy of forestry supplies, developed during the 18th century by the Royal Navy of Spain, in order to demonstrate its importance in the rivalry between the European maritime powers by the dominion over the seas of the World. For this reason, it is proposed to analyze different aspects of the provision system for the naval departments, with an approach to the projects of use the New Spain and Baltic wood in shipbuilding, and its recognition by the Hispanic officials. On the other side, it is presented the dynamics of granting to New Spain Creoles with wooden contracts and finally is studied the maritime movement between the southern Baltic and Spain to demonstrate their valuable participation in the naval supplies system. All these aspects demonstrate a general panorama of the globalization of forest supplies with only one purpose: the recovery of Spanish naval power.   

Introduction: The Anthropology of Police

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Paul Mutsaers
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

This introduction starts with a general discussion of the conflicted contours of police as reported by police anthropologists in various parts of the world. It leans on the notion of law and disorder, which is marked by the idea that police are not always a prerequisite of a socio-legal order and can sometimes even disturb it. It subsequently argues that this is largely due to an unmediated proximity between police and the policed that exists in many societies across the north–south divide. The risks of such ‘state proximity’ are manifold and yet, law enforcement bodies have carried out numerous reforms that make it possible. The chapter discusses various anti-bureaucracy reforms and the negative social effects they have had in The Netherlands. It concludes with an introduction of the chapters of the book, specifying the various links between the theories it has outlined and the empirical parts of the book.

scholarly journals Impact of Gerard Van Swieten on the development of Austrian medicine throughout the 18th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Boro Bronza
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
European Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Physician

Arrival of Doctor Gerard van Swieten in Vienna, in 1745, as new personal physician of the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa, was starting point of a huge wave of transformation in the scope of Austrian medicine. Scientific and methodological experience which doctor from Leiden brought in Habsburg capital was so overwhelming that whole structure of medical science was shattered and reconstructed in a much more efficient way. Impact of Van Swieten was a splendid example of dominance of scientific method in the Netherlands, where modern European science gained more ground than anywhere else during the classical era of baroque, throughout the 17th and first half of the 18th century. On the other hand, internal reforms and transformation of Austria, from the mid-18th century, helped a lot in the process of successful reception of new structural ideas. Through this kind of merging, inside of only several decades, Vienna managed to grow into one of leading centres of medical science in Europe and the world.

scholarly journals LINGUO-COGNITIVE SEMANTICS OF ORNITHONYMS IN TEXTS OF SONGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. Zhirenov ◽  
◽  
Y. Kasenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The World

In the article, the texts of Kazakh songs with ornithonyms are grouped in accordance with their use. The use of ornithonyms in the lyrics and their semantic meaning are also divided into thematic groups. The thematic group is based not only on the paradigmatic connections of ornithological names, but also on denotative ones. The linguo-cognitive semantics of the thematic group of ornithonyms and lyrics is determined. The semantics of ornithonyms in the lyrics is based not only on the similarity of the lexical meaning of words, also on the allegorical metaphorical meaning of objects and phenomena by which they are called. The semantics of ornithonyms in the lyrics reflects the cognitive characteristics of the ethnos in the perception of the world through a song. The presence of birds in the lyrics, close to the worldview of the ethnic group, is an indicator of national culture, which to a certain extent determines the ethnic identity of the ethnic group. In the spiritual world of an ethnos, ornithonyms in Kazakh poetry have long existed and are a spiritual value that remains to this day. The linguo-cognitive analysis of the language units of the lyrics reveals its significance in the Kazakh ethnic group.

scholarly journals Milestones in the making of the third world: A historical exposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Venatus V. Kakwagh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Global Village ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Universe

Before the 18th century, the word was not categorized in any form but just the universe. This exposition has however shown that from the 18th century, certain events in Europe led to the categorization of the world into a two-world order as first and second (civilized vs. primitive) and later into a three-world order as 1st, 2nd and 3rd world. The exposition has identified the milestones that led to this categorization as colonialism, neo-colonialism, imperialism and ideological war (cold war). The exposition has noted that due to the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the world was pushed back to a dualistic status- North and South. However, as the North and South dialogue was gaining momentum, globalization came onto the scene and pushed the world back to a one-world order- the global village.

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