'Healing of Bodies, Salvation of Souls': Missionary Medicine in Colonial Tanganyika, 1870s-1939

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
State Hospitals ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Missionary Medicine

AbstractThis paper re-examines missionary medicine in Tanganyika, considering its relationship with the colonial state, the impulses that led it to evolve in the way that it did, and the nature of the medical services it offered. The paper suggests that, contrary to traditional depictions, missionary medicine was not entirely curative in focus, small in scale, nor inappropriate to the health needs of the communities in which it was based. Rather, missionary medicine should be considered as a vital aspect of early colonial health services, serving those excluded by the colonial state. Missionary medicine before 1945 was fragmented, small-scale, lacking in resources and overstretched. Its services could not necessarily compete in quality with the best of the state hospitals. But it succeeded, within the local context, in providing a network of health services that stretched into the rural society, and ensured that, where there was a mission hospital, there was an option for the local people to make western biomedicine a choice for healing.

Emphasizing Choice and Autonomy in Personal Hygiene, Menstrual Health, and Sexual Health Product Distribution to People Experiencing Homelessness in Atlanta, Georgia During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110249
Author(s):  
April M. Ballard ◽  
Alison T. Hoover ◽  
Ana V. Rodriguez ◽  
Bethany A. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Do So

The Dignity Pack Project is a small-scale, crisis-oriented supply chain in Atlanta, Georgia, designed to meet the acute personal hygiene,menstrual health, and sexual health needs of people experiencing homelessness (PEH). It was organized in response to conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic that continue to illuminate and exacerbate the distinct and complex challenges PEH face when trying to meet their basic needs and maintain their health. In addition to being particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to underlying conditions, crowding, and shared living spaces, the pandemic makes it harder for PEH to access already scant resources. Specifically, shelters across the United States have experienced outbreaks and, as a result, have reduced capacity or closed completely. Social support organizations have paused or restricted services. Donations and volunteering have decreased due to economic conditions and social distancing requirements. This practice note describes how we integrated feedback from PEH at the outset of the Dignity Pack project—and continue to do so—enabling the development of a pragmatic, humanistic outreach model that responds to the evolving needs of PEH as pandemic conditions and the seasons change. We detail how we established complementary partnerships with local organizations and respond to critical insights provided by PEH. We offer lessons and recommendations driven by the needs and preferences of PEH.

Health needs of indigenous Mayan older adults in Mexico and health services available

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1688-1697
Author(s):  
Blanca Estela Pelcastre‐Villafuerte ◽  
Elizabeth Cuecuecha Rugerio ◽  
Sandra G. Treviño Siller ◽  
Celina M. Rueda Neria ◽  
María Guadalupe Ruelas‐González
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Needs

scholarly journals Current delivery of infant mental health services: are infant mental health needs being met?

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Macdonald ◽  
Heather Mohay ◽  
Debra Sorensen ◽  
Neil Alcorn ◽  
Brett McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Infant Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Needs

Locating the politics of a Sierra Leonean chiefdom

Africa ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fanthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Primary Means

The chiefdoms of Sierra Leone are institutions of colonial origin but nevertheless continue to serve as local government units in the post-colonial state. The prevailing view among scholars is that these institutions have little basis in indigenous political culture, and have furthermore become breeding grounds of political corruption. This view has tended to elide anthropological analysis of internal chiefdom politics. However, it is argued in this article that such conclusions are premature. With reference to the Biriwa Limba chiefdom of northern Sierra Leone, it is shown that historical precedent, in many cases relating to prominent political figures of the late nineteenth century, continues to serve as a primary means of ordering local rights in land, settlement and political representation. This phenomenon is not a product of innate conservatism but emerges rather as a pragmatic response to the persistent failure of successive Sierra Leone administrations to extend modern measures of citizenship to the bulk of the rural populace. Rights and properties have become progressively localised in villages originally registered for tax collection in the early colonial era. Here one finds one of the most telling legacies of the British policy of indirect rule in post-colonial Sierra Leone.

scholarly journals Applying the Best-Fit Framework to Assess and Strengthen National Extension and Advisory Services

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Davis ◽  
David J. Spielman
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Performance Incentives ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Best Fit

Agricultural extension and advisory services are critical to supporting technological and institutional changes that can improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in developing countries. However, many extension services are under-resourced, out of date, and need of structural and content changes. However, efforts to systematically strengthen local extension systems often fall into the trap of promoting blueprints that are insufficiently adapted to local context. To that end, researchers developed the best-fit framework in the 2000s to provide impetus for pursuit of more locally-tailored extension solutions. Today, almost a decade later, researchers test the framework under real-world conditions in a cross-country application. This paper examines the application of this framework across six dimensions and seven countries to formulate a set of best-fit recommendations that are also broadly appreciable. The findings show that it is possible to apply the framework to the analysis of EAS across countries while also maintaining a very localized perspective on recommendations. Across the seven countries, certain obvious commonalities exist: The growth in pluralism in extension providers, the persistence of weak incentives for extension agents, and the lack of enabling policies. At the same time, innovative solutions to many of the challenges held in common—ICT-enabled extension, performance incentives, and value-chain oriented extension—are heterogeneous. The framework allows users to pursue change processes in EAS in response to their own local realities.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI TEKNIS ANGGARAN BELANJA SEKTOR KESEHATAN PROPINSI JAWA BARAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristyasani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
West Java ◽  
Health Budget ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Community Budget

The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of government spending in the health sector of West Java province in improving public health as measured by indicators of health status that is Infant Mortality Rate, Mother Mortality Rate, and Life Expectancy Rate in all regencies / cities in West Java Province. DEA method used to achieve these goals. DEA works with measures to identify the units to be evaluated, the input and output of the unit. Furthermore, the calculated value of productivity and identify the unit which does not use inputs efficiently or effectively produces no output. Research indicates that although every region in the province of West Java there is an increase in the health budget annually will produce additional output (facilities and health services) are few and have not been up to meet basic health needs for the community. Budget areas that have not been efficient is because of Rp. 421.8 billion total health budget of the province of West Java is not entirely used for the procurement of facilities and health services. Only 50% of it is Rp. 213 billion to be used one of them in the provision of health facilities and servicesDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v4i2.2302

scholarly journals DISASTER & NURSE’S ROLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayreddy Vandali ◽  
Rekha B Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Community Or ◽  
River Erosion ◽  
Potential Public Health

ABSTRACT: India is vulnerable to a large number of disasters. More than 58.6 % of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to high intensity; over 40 million hectares (12%) of its land is prone to floods and river erosion; close to 5,700 kms, out of the 7,516 kms long coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68% of its cultivable area is vulnerable to droughts; and, its hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. WHO defines Disaster as “any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. Roles of nurse during disaster management includes to determine the magnitude of the event, define & understand the health needs of the affected groups, prepare the priorities and objectives, Identify actual and potential public health problems at the earliest & estimate resources needed to respond to the needs identified.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Reproductive Health need Assessment Scale for violated Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrokh Dolatian ◽  
Abbas Ebadi ◽  
Seyedeh Batool Hasanpoor-Azghady ◽  
AnvarSadat Nayebinia
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Abstract Violence as a serious health problem and one of the main manifestations of gender inequality brings about adverse health effects for women. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to recognize the reproductive health status of women subjected to violence in order to provide the health services they need. Considering that one of the ways to determine reproductive health status is the use of valid questionnaires in this field, the present study was conducted based on a mixed-method design. The first part of the study (qualitative section) was conducted based on conventional content analysis. In this part, unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 violated women and 9 experts. In the next stage, the item pool was formed and the Reproductive Health Needs of Violated Women Scale (RHNVWS) was designed based on the review of the literature and the results of the qualitative section with 39 items using the Waltz approach. For psychometric assessment of the above instrument, face and content validity, item analysis, and construct validity were examined using exploratory factor analysis. Based on the results of factor analysis, the four following factors were extracted with a total variance of 47.62: "men's participation", "self-care", "support and health services", as well as "sexual and marital relationships. The internal consistency of the instrument was calculated at α = 0.70–0.89 and α = 0.94 for different constructs and the whole instrument, respectively. Moreover, intra-cluster correlation coefficients were obtained at ICC = 0.96–0.99 and ICC = 0.98 for constructs and the whole instruments, respectively. Based on the results of the current study, the RHNVWS is a tool that specifically assesses the reproductive health needs of violated women and has appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the assessment using the aforementioned instruments can be of great help in promoting the reproductive health of women subjected to violence.

The sovereignty of political economy: The Garos in a pre-conquest and early conquest era

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-387
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Misra
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Colonial Archive ◽  
The Hill

The article is an inquiry into the elision of an image—that of the cotton-producing Garo—in the colonial archive. It situates this inquiry within the pre- and early colonial era where it is still possible to uncover elements of the irrefutable sovereign presence of Garos in eastern India as well as of the regional economic and political system through which the Garo social being makes itself historically visible. Parsing together a narrative of the Garo political order in this period, the article will discuss the ways in which the sovereignty of a people was pivoted around the production and trade in cotton. Rescuing the image of the cotton-producing Garo from the colonial archive is also a retracing of the seamless becoming of the Garo peasant, as adept at working with the hoe as with the plough, into a cotton trader who embarked on long journeys on foot and on boats every cotton season to the lowlands. The article will also probe into the germaneness of the concept of the ‘hill/forest tribe’ with the sedentary plainsman as its oppositional image and the embedding of ethnicity in circumscribed ‘natural’ habitats in eastern India by the colonial state.

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