Satire, Fiction and Reference To Reality in Jerome's Epistuia 117

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-192
Author(s):  
Josef Lossl
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

AbstractSatire is essentially a non-fictional literary form. Its point of departure is a real setting, which is directly referred to. But the way satirists magnify certain aspects of the reality they refer to distorts their picture.' Satires therefore are not realistic in the sense of providing reliable eye witness accounts of given situations. But they usually keep to rules, which provide hermeneutical keys for interpreting them with regard to the reality behind their distortions. How concrete that reality is, whether it just reflects a general or stereotype picture of a society or culture in a given age or whether the satire is directed against concrete historical figures, has to be established individually. The text discussed in the following has to be treated with such questions in mind. It is extant as a letter, but its addressees are not named and it is doubted whether they were historical figures. At a closer look it turns out to be a satire, but it seems at first sight to lack the concrete context that would give meaning and purpose to a satire. However, if it is a satire, and we may assume it is, it must have that context and we may try to reconstruct it using material provided by this text as well as others in its historical and literary vicinity; and although we may not succeed in finding definite answers to all the questions raised by this text, we hope nevertheless to shed some new light on this gripping little piece of ancient Christian literature.

Between History and Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Waldow
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Hermeneutic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

From within the philosophy of history and history of science alike, attention has been paid to Herder’s naturalist commitment and especially to the way in which his interest in medicine, anatomy, and biology facilitates philosophically significant notions of force, organism, and life. As such, Herder’s contribution is taken to be part of a wider eighteenth-century effort to move beyond Newtonian mechanism and the scientific models to which it gives rise. In this scholarship, Herder’s hermeneutic philosophy—as it grows out of his engagement with poetry, drama, and both literary translation and literary documentation projects—has received less attention. Taking as its point of departure Herder’s early work, this chapter proposes that, in his work on literature, Herder formulates an anthropologically sensitive approach to the human sciences that has still not received the attention it deserves.

Social Class, Consumption and the Influence of Bourdieu: Some Critical Issues

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 274-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Longhurst ◽  
Mike Savage
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

Bourdieu's work has been an important point of departure for recent analyses of the relationship between social class and consumption practices. This chapter takes stock of Bourdieu's influence and explores some problems which have become apparent—often in spite of Bourdieu's own hopes and general views. We point to the way that Bourdieu's influence has led to an approach to consumption which focuses on the consumption practices of specific occupational classes and on examining variations in consumption practice between such occupational groups. We argue that it this approach has a series of problems and suggest the need to broaden analyses of consumption to consider issues of ‘everyday life’, sociation, and social networks.

Afterword

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The World ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Domestic Culture ◽  
The Way

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book offered a series of vignettes of reading lives and practices. It presented a cluster of historical figures and a range of historical books, and used them to try to reconstruct what literature has meant and what it has been used for. It showed that the way in which people used the books they read are closely bound up with other aspects of amateur, domestic culture. This book also showed that anxieties about forms of reading are not new. Eighteenth-century commentators worried about learning bought too easily and readers who could no longer engage with whole texts. Families encouraged reading together because they feared that young people were losing their sense of reality through their immersion in addictive imaginative fictions. The world of eighteenth-century reading was a very different land, but in some ways, perhaps not so far from our own as we like to think.

scholarly journals Vatersehnsucht. Botho Strauß erzählt sich seine Herkunft

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Andrzej Denka
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Narrative Fragments ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

Botho Strauß (b. 1944), German playwright, novelist and essayist, devotes his book Herkunft [Origin] (2014) to a subtle portrait of his slightly underestimated father, who died in 1971. This sample of prose is typical of Strauss as it encompasses meditative descriptions, disquisitions, aphorisms and narrative fragments. This narration contains numerous biographical details about his father, as well as his mother and the writer himself, and it tells us a lot about his youth and cultural maturation. Strauss’ hometown, Bad Ems, provides a certain topographic point of reference here. This is a highly personal and emotional text which simultaneously exhibits all esthetic properties that characterize Strauss’ style. This text is also about the way different sensory stimuli incite our memory and how difficult it is to find a literary form adequate to reconstruct memory.

scholarly journals Hope found, hope lost – eschatological aspects in the interpretations of Israelites’ wilderness wanderings. Two sides of one story: Origen’s 27. Homily on the Book of Numbers and Jerome’s Letter 78

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 727-742
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rich Picture ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Way

The writings of Origen and Jerome, which are the source of the article, al­though in a different literary form – a homily and a letter – and written for a diffe­rent purpose and at different times, both are exegesis of the chapter 33 of the Book of Numbers in which the stops of the Israelites in the desert on the road to the Promised Land are described. Both texts are the classic examples of allegorical interpretation of the Scripture. Both authors interpret the 42 “stages” of Israel’s wilderness wanderings above all as God’s roadmap for the spiritual growth of individual believers, but there are present as well eschatological elements in their interpretations. In the presented paper there are shown these eschatological ideas of both authors included in their interpretations of the wandering of the Chosen People on their way to the Promised Land, sources of their interpretations, simi­larities and differences, and the dependence of Jerome on Origen in the interpre­tation of the stages, with the focuse on the idea of realized eschatology, present in Alexandrinian’s work. Origen has presented in his interpretation a very rich picture of the future hope, but Jerome almost nothing mentioned in his letter about hopes of the way towards God after death.

scholarly journals MODERN MIDDLE AGE IN HIGH FASHION THROUGH THE DESIGN OF ALEKSANDAR JOKSIMOVIĆ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783
Author(s):  
Dragana Frfulanović-Šomođi ◽  
Milena Savić
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

The design of socialist Yugoslavia received a particularly new look through the creation of Aleksandar Joksimović, which gave the new elements a traditional look, equally putting them in rank with world-famous designs of celebrated designers. This paper was created with the idea of emphasizing the importance of the creativity of Joksimović, which is within the framework of socialist norms, as an artist, remained insufficiently recognized, although his work was in the service of exclusive promotion of the cultural aspects of his country. His concept of design based on the medieval cultural tradition emerged from the framework of the then socialist clothes, and it is called grandiose exoticism. The names of the first collections given by the historical figures of medieval Serbian history are a clear indication that it is possible to draw inspiration from the past, if it is professionally approached and adequately, by contemporary trends, the audience and the market. Joksimovic's individualism, apart from design, was also reflected in the way the collection itself was modeled through models and choreographies, and clearly once again showed his step ahead of time, while the social and political circumstances forced him to stay one step behind.

Ibn Tufayl, Abu Bakr Muhammad (before 1110–85)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams C. Inati
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
Blank Slate ◽  
The Way

Ibn Tufayl’s thought can be captured in his only extant work, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan (The Living Son of the Vigilant), a philosophical treatise in a charming literary form. It relates the story of human knowledge, as it rises from a blank slate to a mystical or direct experience of God after passing through the necessary natural experiences. The focal point of the story is that human reason, unaided by society and its conventions or by religion, can achieve scientific knowledge, preparing the way to the mystical or highest form of human knowledge. The story also seeks to show that, while religious truth is the same as that of philosophy, the former is conveyed through symbols, which are suitable for the understanding of the multitude, and the latter is conveyed in its inner meanings apart from any symbolism. Since people have different capacities of understanding that require the use of different instruments, there is no point in trying to convey the truth to people except through means suitable for their understanding.

Person, Personhood and Individual Rights in Menkiti’s African Communitarian Thinking

Theoria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (157) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Dennis Masaka
Keyword(s):  
Individual Rights ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

In this article, I argue that individuals could be entitled to rights, outside those that are communally conferred, as part of the primary requirement of being ‘persons’ in the African communitarian set-up if the terms ‘person’ and ‘personhood’ are understood differently from the way they are currently deployed in the communitarian discourse. The distinction between these two terms is the basis of my thesis where clarity on their meanings could be helpful in establishing the possibility of ascribing rights outside those that are communally conferred. I argue that ontologically, a ‘person’ is prior to ‘personhood’ (understood in the normative sense) which is considered to find its fuller expression in a community and by virtue of this, I think that he or she is entitled to some rights outside those that are defined and conferred by the community. This is my point of departure in this article.

The Philosophical Roots

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Lars Taxén
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Philosophy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Philosopher ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

The notion of praxis was elaborated by Marx and Engels during the early years of their life-long cooperation. Praxis in the way put forward by Marx has, quite naturally, been further elaborated in many ways, and a number of works have been written on this topic. I will mainly make use of the account of praxis given by Bernstein in his seminal book “Praxis and Action” (Bernstein, 1999). Another source of inspiration have been the ideas of the Soviet philosopher Ilyenkov as explicated by Bakhurst in the equally outstanding book “Consciousness and Revolution in Soviet Philosophy: From the Bolsheviks to Evald Ilyenkov” (Bakhurst, 1991). The heritage of Marx has hardly left any footprints in the annals of product development, and it might seem farfetched to use the ideas of a controversial thinker like Marx as a point of departure for an investigation into the nature of coordination. After all, the ideas of Marx and his forerunner Hegel have been relentlessly criticized and scorned by, for example, Popper (1945). It is but all too easy to dismiss the ideas of Marx in the light of his historicism and the way these ideas materialized in the socialist states. However, if we are able to see behind the political veil of Marxism we may be amply rewarded. It is my conviction that the ideas of the young Marx are highly relevant for coming to grips with the problems organizations face today. In any case, we should not dismiss the potential that might be hidden in this heritage simply because its political connotations. So, let’s put our blinders aside and embark on the route towards ADT!

scholarly journals Ideology and intertextuality: Intertextual allusions in Judith 16

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Philip Nolte ◽  
Pierre J. Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Julia Kristeva ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

This article utilised the theory of intertextuality to investigate the way in which religious texts, specifically Judith 16, generate meaning in the act of the production of texts. The groundbreaking work on intertextuality done by Julia Kristeva served as the theoretical point of departure. Kristeva utilised Mikhail Bakhtin’s literary theory to develop her own views on intertextuality. According to the theory of intertextuality, all texts are intersections of different texts and are therefore polyvalent. The article argued that the ideology (or ideologies) of author(s) of texts underpin the ways in which other texts are used and alluded to. The purpose of the investigation was to illustrate how intertextual allusions in Judith 16 are used to describe ‘God/the Lord’ as a God of war and, thereby, to maintain an already existing ideology of war:We know now that a text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God) but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash. The text is a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centres of culture. (Barthes, cited in Beal 1992:27)

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