The Morphophonemics of Weak Triliteral Stems in Standard Arabic: A Generative Phonology Perspective

Al-Abhath ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-219
Author(s):  
Zaki N. Abdel-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Transformational Grammar ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Detail

The “weak” triliteral stems of Standard Arabic have been studied in considerable detail by Arab as well as Western grammarians. In most cases, however, the treatment has been largely limited to listing and classifying the primary data, which satisfies observational adequacy but fails to meet the essential requirements of descriptive adequacy, simplicity and generality. In a few cases rules have been proposed, but these rules fall short of expectations: on the whole, they strike the user as complex, arbitrary and unmotivated. Drawing on the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar, I have formulated a small set of rules which seek to satisfy all of the three essential requirements, and thus render the subject more palatable to scholars as well as learners of Standard Arabic.

The Morphophonemics of Weak Triliteral Stems in Standard Arabic: A Generative Phonology Perspective

Al-Abhath ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-219
Author(s):  
Zaki N. Abdel-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Transformational Grammar ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Detail

The “weak” triliteral stems of Standard Arabic have been studied in considerable detail by Arab as well as Western grammarians. In most cases, however, the treatment has been largely limited to listing and classifying the primary data, which satisfies observational adequacy but fails to meet the essential requirements of descriptive adequacy, simplicity and generality. In a few cases rules have been proposed, but these rules fall short of expectations: on the whole, they strike the user as complex, arbitrary and unmotivated. Drawing on the theory of Generative-Transformational Grammar, I have formulated a small set of rules which seek to satisfy all of the three essential requirements, and thus render the subject more palatable to scholars as well as learners of Standard Arabic.

THE USE OF COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNINGMETHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Widoyo Putro ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Method Improvement ◽  
Community Language

This study is aimed at improving the second grade of students’ speakingachievement by using Community Language Learning (CLL) Method. Theresearch was conducted by applying classroom action research. The subject of this study was second grade of Private Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas Swasta) of Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa which consisted of 31 students. To collect the data, the instruments used were primary data (SpeakingTest) and secondary data (interview sheet, observation sheet, field notes). It can be seen from the score in test I, test II and test III. In the Test I, the mean of the students’score was (64.77), in the Test II was (71.35), and the mean of the students’ score of the Test III was (80.90). Based on the interview, and observation sheet, it shows that the expression and excitement of the students got improved as well. It was found that teaching of speaking by using Community Language Learningcould significantly improve students’ speaking achievement.Key Words: Community Language Learning, Method, Improvement, Speaking Achievement

THE APPLICATION OF PREVIEW, READ, WRITE, AND RECITE (PRWR) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN READING RECOUNT TEXT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Nasution And Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Score ◽  
First Year ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Orientation Test

The objective of this research is to find out whether the application Preview, Read,Write, and Recite (PRWR) method improve student’s achievement in readingrecount text. This research applied classroom action research model. This studywas done in six meetings. The subject of this study was first year of SMAN 1Delitua. Primary data were collected by giving 20 questions of multiple-choicetest, the aspects contained in the tests focused on generic structure, main ideas,factual information, and Secondary data were collected by (interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet. Based on analysis data, it was found that thestudent’s achievement improved. It could be seen from the comparison of result inthe orientation test and the cycle test I and II. There were only 9 students who hadpassed minimum criteria KKM in orientation test (75). The improvement showedthat in cycle I and II, based on the total average score it was 16 (42,4%) up to 26(78,7%) in cycle II, The secondary data gathered from interview, observationsheet, and questionnaire sheet, showed that students’ expression and enthusiasticalso improved. Thus, it was found that the applications of Preview, Read, Write,and Recite (PRWR) method in process of teaching improved students’achievement in reading recount text. It is suggested that English teachers applyPRWR method in teaching reading recount text.

The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Fozia Munir ◽  
Mirajul Haq ◽  
Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

scholarly journals Roman Tribune Cola di Rienzo (1347), Res Gestae Divi Augusti and Lex de Imperio Vespasiani

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-104
Author(s):  
Milan Lovenjak
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ancient Documents ◽  
The Law ◽  
Dramatic Adaptations ◽  
Considerable Detail

The anonymous and fragmentarily preserved Romance-dialect Chronicle describing the history of Rome in 1325–1360, the extensive correspondence between Cola di Rienzo (1313–1354) and rulers, nobles, Church dignitaries, and intellectuals (especially Petrarch) in Italy and abroad, as well as various documentary sources allow us to trace Rienzo’s career in considerable detail. A papal notary, a scholar in Classical literature, an exceptional orator and a copyist and translator of Ancient Roman inscriptions, Rienzo, aided by a group of followers, overthrew the baron rule in Rome in May 1347, assumed the title of ‘Roman Tribune’ and seized power with the aim of reuniting Italy under a common emperor, a concept modelled on the first Roman emperor, Augustus. After undertaking a number of more or less successful measures, public manifestations and diplomatic activities, he was forced to retreat by a clash with the barons’ army even before the end of the year. After years of exile, he returned triumphant in the middle of 1354 to seize power, but the first few weeks of tyranny and arbitrary measures led to his tragic demise at the hands of an infuriated mob. Later he grew into the subject of myth, portrayed in numerous literary, musical, and dramatic adaptations. The present paper examines two ancient documents crucial to the formation of the principate (the renewal of which was Cola’s objective), i.e. Augustus’ account of his own deeds (Res gestae divi Augusti), which is mentioned by Suetonius and known from three epigraphically attested copies from Asia Minor, and a bronze plaque bearing a law on the conferment of powers on Emperor Vespasian, the so-called Lex de imperio Vespasiani. The plaque was used as propaganda by Cola during his preparations for the coup. The inconsistencies between the parts of the law preserved on the plaque (it must have been preceded by at least one other plaque) and the account of Cola’s interpretation as given in the anonymous Chronicle raise a number of questions, which resist definitive answers.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF INDIAN YOUTH ON DIGITAL ACTIVISM: MOTIVATION, BARRIERS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhu Sharma ◽  
Aniruddh Verma ◽  
Pranav Sangwan ◽  
Siya Kohli ◽  
Tanvi Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Digital Activism ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The present study draws insights from primary research, examines the existing literature on the subject and uses case studies, with a prime objective to understand the use of social media by youth for digital activism. Thereafter, the paper provides recommendations for effectively leveraging digital platforms to encourage youth participation and activism. This research paper looks at the forms of Digital activism and the ways in which the youth have leveraged digital activism to voice their issues, highlighting their motivations and challenges. To get better insight into the barriers and motivations of youth participation in digital activism, multiple stakeholder conversations and survey of Indian youth within the age group 15-25 years (93 respondents) was conducted to gauge their perception on digital activism. Primary data was collected using an online survey from 93 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Results of this study showed that close to 76.09% of the sample does not engage in digital activism, despite 93.5% of them having a social media presence.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Periklanan Islami terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Shampoo Hijab Sunsilk Clean And Fresh pada Mahasiswi Universitas Islam Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Boy Syamsul Bakhri ◽  
Maysuri Maysuri ◽  
Ficha Melina
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of Islamic advertising on purchasing decision for Clean and Fresh Sunsilk Hijab Shampoo. The subject of this research was students of Riau Islamic University. While the object of this study was the effect of Islamic advertising on purchasing decision for Clean and Fresh Sunsilk Hijab Shampoo. The data sources used in this study were primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique used was proportional stratified random sampling, while the data collection technique used was a questionnaire. To analyze the data, quantitative descriptive method was used. In analyzing quantitative data, simple linear regression analysis was used where the calculation process used SPSS for windows version 23. The sample of this study was 96 people. The result of the research showed Islamic advertising on purchasing decision for Clean and Fresh Sunsilk Hijab Shampoo had a strong or high relationship, this was related to the correlation coeffisien which was 0.763. The result of the research, the result of partial test related to the significant influence between Islamic advertising on purchasing decisions for Clean and Fresh Sunsilk Hijab Shampoo, it was known from  the value of tcount (11.452) which was bigger than t table (1.661). Conclusion, there was a significant effect between Islamic advertising on purchasing decisions for clean and fresh sunsilk hijab Shampoo to students of  Riau Islamic University Keywords: Islamic Advertising, Purchasing Decision

Cybercrime as a Threat to Zimbabwe's Peace and Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa ◽  
Jacqueline Rumbidzai Tanhara
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Threat

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of cybercrime to Zimbabwe's peace and security. In the 21st century, cybercrime has become an international threat. This has necessitated many states to enact legislation and other measures to curb cybercrime. Primary data was gathered through key informant interviews, while documentary search was used to review scholarly literature on the subject. Key informants for the study were drawn from institutions that deal in combating cybercrime. Zimbabwe does not have adequate and effective legislative instruments to combat cybercrime. Cybercrime is a threat to peace and security as it can be used to bring down critical infrastructure and disrupt communication networks of the country. Some of the measures identified to curbing cybercrime include prevention and awareness, training and development, development of new technology and introduction of new laws, and updating of current and introduction of new legislations.

Cybercrime as a Threat to Zimbabwe's Peace and Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 1107-1122
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa ◽  
Jacqueline Rumbidzai Tanhara
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Threat

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of cybercrime to Zimbabwe's peace and security. In the 21st century, cybercrime has become an international threat. This has necessitated many states to enact legislation and other measures to curb cybercrime. Primary data was gathered through key informant interviews, while documentary search was used to review scholarly literature on the subject. Key informants for the study were drawn from institutions that deal in combating cybercrime. Zimbabwe does not have adequate and effective legislative instruments to combat cybercrime. Cybercrime is a threat to peace and security as it can be used to bring down critical infrastructure and disrupt communication networks of the country. Some of the measures identified to curbing cybercrime include prevention and awareness, training and development, development of new technology and introduction of new laws, and updating of current and introduction of new legislations.

The Later History and Administration of the Customs Revenue in England (1671–1814)

1930 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 187-203
Author(s):  
B. R. Leftwich
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Important Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Future Date

I have chosen the dates covered by the title of this paper for two reasons which seem to me to be cogent. The earlier History of the British Customs has been dealt with already in considerable detail by Dr. Hall himself in his authoritative work on the subject, but he will be the first to admit that in his work the later developments are hardly more than touched upon and in addition there is the important work of Professor N. S. B. Gras on the subject, which, though some of his conclusions may be re-considered, yet contains a fund of information, and from these and the State Papers it may be possible at some future date to solve the remaining problems on this aspect of the Revenue.

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