Introducing Philosophy to the Classroom in the Sixth Century CE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Pieter d’Hoine
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Commentary Tradition

Abstract Taking the recent publication of Sebastian Gertz’ translation of three late Platonic Introductions by Elias, David and Olympiodorus as a starting point, this review paper provides an assessment of Gertz’ translation and textual choices. In addition, it also provides an original contribution to the study of these texts by proposing an emendation of David’s text, and by discussing some of the source-texts of the three Introductions and of their parallels in the ancient commentary tradition. One case elaborated on in somewhat greater detail concerns Olympiodorus’ arguments against scepticism.

The Contest of Homer and Hesiod and Alcidamas' Mouseion

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Archaic Period ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Considerable Body

Did Alcidamas invent the story of the contest of Homer and Hesiod? Martin West has argued that he did (CQ N.S. 17 (1967), 433 ff.). I believe that there are a number of reasons for thinking this improbable.The stories of the deaths of Homer and Hesiod were traditional before Alcidamas. Heraclitus knew the legend of the riddle of the lice and Homer's death (Vors. 22 B 56), and the story of Hesiod's death was well known by Thucydides’ time (3. 96). The first attempt to record information about Homer's life is ascribed to Theagenes of Rhegium, in the late sixth century b.c. (Vors. 8.1). By that time it seems likely that there was already a considerable body of legends about the early poets. The pieces of hexameter verse in the Herodotean Life of Homer, some of which show detailed knowledge of the area around Smyrna in the archaic period, probably date from before 500 b.c.In relating the stories of the poets’ deaths Alcidamas is recording the results of ἱστορ⋯α, and this is what he implies in Michigan papyrus 2754 (cf. West op. cit. 437). West's theory requires one to assume that he has incorporated with these traditions his own fiction of the contest. This seems to me to go against what we know in general about the activity of sophists such as Alcidamas. Although they were capable of inventing myths (such as Prodicus’ ‘ Choice of Heracles'), there is no evidence that they created such stories about earlier historical figures, rather than collecting popular legends about them, and using these for their own purposes. It is true that Critias (for example) used the evidence of Archilochus’ own poetry to draw conclusions about his life (Vors. 88 B 44). But this is not the same as inventing a story virtually from scratch. Hesiod's own testimony about his poetic victory (Op. 650 ff.), the original starting-point for the legend of the contest with Homer, did not on its own provide a basis from which such inferences could be drawn. It seems more likely that the legend is the product of earlier popular embroidery, at a time when speculation about these early poets’ lives was becoming common.

scholarly journals A SNAPSHOT METHODOLOGICAL REVIEW OF JOURNAL ARTICLES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Engineering Education Research ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Explicit Discussion ◽  
Made In

Explicit discussion of methodology is important to better understand how knowledge claims are made in a field. In light of a methodological taxonomy, this exploratory review paper examined the research topics and methodologies that were used in a sample of 142 articles published in 2018 by four major engineering education journals. The analysis reveals that engineering education research exhibits varied profiles in different engineering education journals. It also identifies several patterns and trends in the current state of engineering education research. The findings will not only provide novice engineering education researchers with a snapshot, yet an illustrating view, of the emerging field of EER but also offer a starting point to examine critical questions in the field of EER, such as quality and rigor.  

The review of the bond-based peridynamics modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duanfeng Han ◽  
Yiheng Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Bin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Meshless Method ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Material Points ◽  
Elastic Spring

Peridynamics theory is a nonlocal meshless method that replaces differential equations with spatial integral equations, and has shown good applicability and reliability in the analysis of discontinuities. Further, with characteristics of clear physical meaning and simple and reliable numerical calculation, the bond-based peridynamics method has been widely applied in the field. However, this method describes the interaction between material points simply using a single elastic “spring”, and thus leads to a fixed Poisson’s ratio, relatively low computational efficiency and other inherent problems. As such, the goal of this review paper is to provide a summary of the various methods of bond-based peridynamics modeling, particularly those that have overcome the limitations of the Poisson’s ratio, considered the shear deformation and modeling of two-dimensional thin plates for bending and three-dimensional anisotropic composites, as well as explored coupling with finite element methods. This review will determine the advantages and disadvantages of such methods and serve as a starting point for researchers in the development of peridynamics theory.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE RECENT TRENDS IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION: THE RESEARCH JOURNEY SO FAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Binoy Thomas ◽  
P. Subhashree
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Inclusion Level

Purpose of the study: This paper tries to review the existing literature on financial inclusion and to discuss the various definitions of financial inclusion, its diverse dimensions comprehensively - demand side and supply side - and multiple explanatory variables (economic, demographic, behavioural, and social factors) to explain the level of financial inclusion. Methodology: From various databases and e-journals, the papers were retrieved on the topic of financial inclusion during the time span of the last 15 years (2005-2019). After reading the abstract of totally collected 140 research papers, the researchers have chosen 84 articles for the present study based on the relevance of the content to the topic under study. The collected information was classified as per the major themes. Main Findings: Much research has been conducted on the measurement and impact assessment of financial inclusion, But the studies on the explanatory variables are comparatively fewer. Among the various factors influencing the financial inclusion level, no much emphasis has been laid on the usage dimension; the key role of behavioural, psychological, and sociological factors on the financial inclusion level still remains unexplored. Applications of this study: This paper will be useful for theoretical researchers who prefer to explore the factors that influence the usage dimension of financial inclusion. The policymakers and practitioners in the area of financial inclusion will be able to improve the effectiveness of their policies and implementation strategies of financial inclusion. Novelty/Originality of this study: This review paper explores the juncture at which the current research on financial inclusion has arrived. It would serve as a starting point for further in-depth explorations in the various segments of financial inclusion. Also, the present study points out and suggest potential areas for further research in the field of financial inclusion.

scholarly journals Japanese Philosopher Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950) on the Problems of Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Liubov B. Karelova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Western Intellectual

The name of Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950) is still not so widely known outside of Japan. At the same time, he belongs to those outstanding Japanese thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, who not only introduced to their compatriots the history of Western philosophy, but also acted as generators of original concepts created on the basis of deep critical understanding of the Western intellectual heritage. The article deals with the reconstruction of Seiichi Hatano’s theory of time, formulated in his monograph “Time and Eternity” (1943), which crowned his creative career. The starting point of Hatano’s philosophy of time were studies of the basic human experience, which he interpreted in terms of the flow of life and the interaction of the Self and the Other. The subject of the Japanese thinker’s special interest was the problem of overcoming temporality. Hatano’s original contribution to the theory of time was the creation of the three-fold scheme of temporality, considered on the main levels of life – natural, cultural, and religious, conclusions about the divergence of time at the natural and cultural levels, and the idea that the past in history is governed by the perspective of the future.

‘A pilgrimage of camels’: Dairy capitalism, nomadic pastoralism, and subnational Hindutva statism in Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110620
Author(s):  
Yamini Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralism ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Agrarian Economies

Hindu nationalists and NGOs proffer camel dairying as an employment strategy for Rajasthan's nomadic pastoralists, akin to the commodification of bovine milk for poverty alleviation in India. Commercial dairying however is inconsistent with pastoralist ethics though it is consistent with the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party's broader agenda to consolidate Hindutva at the national and subnational levels in India, and with developmentalism that regards animals as capital. In an original contribution bringing together pastoralist studies and critical animal geographies, this paper introduces species to the ‘conjugated oppressions’ in agrarian economies, currently composing caste, tribes, and class, through the suturing of (dairy) capitalism and right-wing ultranationalism. Focussing the camels and the Raika herders in the subregions of Jaisalmer, and Sirohi, home to India's only camel sanctuary, the paper delineates how the camel is entrapped in the coalescing and conflicts of dairy-based development and Hindutva nationalism. Interconnected oppressions upon the camels and herders are conceptualised and enacted through the control and appropriation of rangelands, understood as yatra or pilgrimage by the pastoralists. However, the camel is also enmeshed in the older violent histories of domestication, raising difficult questions about how nomadic and camel sovereignties may be imagined, together. Arguing that dairy capitalism will discipline the nomads and camels while strengthening Hindutva in Rajasthan, the paper draws on pastoralist worldviews as a starting point to re-imagine human–animal relations, based on an ethic of de-commodification.

scholarly journals Star quality: celebrity casting in London West End theatres

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 136-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Caldwell ◽  
Kathryn Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Reality Tv ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Celebrity Status ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gossip Columns

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the practice of casting celebrity performers in London West End theatres. The paper uses the literature on celebrity to explore the impact that casting a celebrity has on the London theatre audience. Design/methodology/approach – The pervasiveness of celebrity culture forms the background and starting point for this research. In the first phase, theatre managers, directors and producers were interviewed to explore their views on the practice of celebrity casting. In the second phase, an audience survey was conducted. The approach taken is exploratory and is intended to illuminate the conditions under which a successful celebrity-focused strategy can be constructed. Findings – A distinction between fame and celebrity was drawn by both theatre professionals and audiences, with celebrity status being seen as something that is created by media exposure and being in the public eye. This is in contrast to fame, which is earned by being famous for something, or some achievement. Theatre audiences are more likely to be attracted by celebrities who have theatrical expertise and not by someone known simply through film, television or the all-pervasive gossip columns. Celebrities with a background in theatre and film were seen to strongly draw audiences to the theatre, as opposed to those with a background in reality TV shows, search-for-a-star shows or for being half of a famous couple. Originality/value – The paper is focused on the theatre and makes an original contribution to the current discussion of the power wielded by celebrities. It is the first empirical research on this aspect of the theatre business. Its contribution lies in understanding audience members’ interpretation and understanding of celebrity to ascertain the extent to which they perceive celebrities as credible to perform theatre. This is based on a differentiation between their mediated fame and expertise. It is helpful and useful information for producers when deciding whether or not to cast a celebrity and to which audiences that the celebrity might appeal.

Beyond a Sovereign State of Exception

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Jonathan White
Keyword(s):  
State Of Exception ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Specific Mode ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Core Features

Central to the imagery of European crisis politics in the 2010s was the figure of the Troika. Though on one level just a term of public condemnation, on another it encapsulated some deeper truths about the politics of the time. Specifically, the concept of the Troika expressed a politics based on ostensibly impermanent, unconventional arrangements for defined purposes, governed by an agenda of speed and urgency, and propelled by trans-institutional executive power. Taken together, these features amount to a specific mode of governing, one usefully grasped with the concept of emergency rule. The chapter outlines its core features and dynamics. Such a perspective is intended to offer an original contribution to EU scholarship and a starting-point for thinking about the specificities of transnational emergency rule.

Monads, Composition, and Force

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. W. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Passive Force ◽  
Continuous Creation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Scholastic Tradition

This book offers a fresh interpretation of Leibniz’s theory of substance, taking as starting point his claims that he introduced his monads to solve the problem of the composition of the continuum. It is argued that they can only perform this function if they are understood as requisites for each of the actual parts into which matter is divided, and as sources of the actions distinguishing and making actual these parts. Bodies are not composed of monads, but presuppose them for their reality; and motions are not composed of monadic states, but presuppose their tendencies to change and resist changes. This comprises an original contribution to mereology, which is given a formal rendering using Leibniz’s own logical concepts and notation. The reading is supported by a thorough analysis of the development of Leibniz’s thought, showing how his embodied monads emerge from his long dalliance with atomism, and how his doctrine of dominant and subordinate monads derives from his immersion in the scholastic tradition of the Plurality of Forms, as he seeks to preserve the role of substantial forms in enacting God’s providential plans in a way compatible with a thoroughgoing mechanism. New insight is offered into Leibniz’s construal of bodies and motions as phenomena, his simultaneous advocacy of simple and corporeal substances, his attempt to provide a theory of substantial bonds, the status of passive force in his dynamics, his endorsement of continuous creation and the discreteness of change, and the status of monadic states as momentary.

Electoral discourse and formative structural narratives of welfare divergence in multi-level systems: homelessness policy in UK elections 1970–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Regional Elections

Over recent decades there has been an international shift towards multi-level governance. Against this backdrop, many comparative welfare studies take government policy outputs as the starting point for their analysis. However, the associated pluralization of electoral systems in unitary states means that welfare choices are no longer exclusively informed by single state-wide ballots. Accordingly, this study makes an original contribution by exploring the formative role of electoral discourse in shaping social policy divergence in (quasi-)federal states. It does this through an examination of party politicization and the issue-salience of homelessness in manifestos for UK state-wide and regional elections. The findings reveal how electoral discourse is a key driver of policy divergence. These territorially-specific structural narratives are used to propose a model of welfare divergence in multi-level systems, one that is cognizant of the formative role of electoral discourse in shaping the development of welfare regimes.

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