Le mal moral chez Avicenne : perspectives éthiques et politiques

Oriens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 216-243
Author(s):  
Meryem Sebti
Keyword(s):  
Moral Evil ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Cette Question

Résumé La question du mal problème pose un problème aigu au sein de la doctrine de l’âme d’Avicenne. Comment l’âme humaine qui est une substance spirituelle inaltérable impassible peut-elle être affectée par le mal commis ? Répondre à cette question nécessite l’étude de l’eschatologie avicennienne de même que celle du statut des normes éthiques. Ces dernières ne sont, selon Avicenne, pas universelles et donc pas accessibles à l’intellect mais sont données par la révélation. On ne peut comprendre la question du mal moral chez Avicenne sans la replacer dans le système métaphysique et éthique du philosophe persan. The question of evil poses an acute problem within Avicenna’s doctrine of the soul. How can the human soul, which is an unalterable spiritual substance, be affected by the evil committed? Answering this question requires the study of Avicenna’s eschatology as well as the study of the status of ethical norms. The latter, according to Avicenna, are not universal and therefore not accessible to the intellect but are given by revelation. The question of moral evil in Avicenna cannot be understood without placing it in the metaphysical and ethical system of the Persian philosopher.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Protection of Whistleblowers in Public Administration: The Experience of Georgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Shalva (Lasha) Gogidze
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

This article reviews the role of the institute of whistleblowers in modern system of public administration and its connections to fighting corruption and detecting violations of legislative and ethical norms in public and private sectors. In this context, the article discusses the experience of Georgia, post-Soviet country that is in democratic transition with nascent norms and mechanisms for whistleblower protection. Specifically, the article analyzes Georgia’s legislative norms and their practical application by bringing specific examples from within the country and abroad. This is complemented by the analysis of international norms and mechanisms the adoption of which would improve the status quo in the field and encourage more people in the Georgian state and civil service and beyond to raise their voices against injustices and unlawful and corrupt behavior. The article ends with the conclusion and a list of recommendations tailored to the Georgian context.

scholarly journals On the status of music and musical instruments in Arabic culture after the advent of Islam

Muzikologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Ada Sostaric
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Religious Music ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Call To Prayer ◽  
Muslim Communities

This article bases its arguments mainly on data found in secondary literature about the propriety of music in Arabic culture after the advent of Islam. One of the oldest sources in Arabic on the subject is Damm al-mal?h? (The Condemnation of Instruments of Diversion). In it, the author, Ibn Ab? al-Duny? (823-894) condemned listening to music and musical instruments. Subsequently, many books addressed the question of whether music is illicit (ar. har?m). Western scholars defined this corpus of literature as a kind of polemic about the permissibility of music and musical instruments in Islamic culture. Since there is no verse (ar. ?ya) in the Qur??n which explicitly forbids or allows music, and since, at the same time, the had?t literature abounds with contradictory statements about the practice of the prophet Muhammad regarding listening to music and musical instruments, this question continues to resurface, either in the media or on web pages specifically devoted to the issue. This topic is also quite interesting in terms of the reflexions one can encounter in the Muslim areas of the ex-Yugoslav region. At the same time, the article touches upon the special place that the Qur??n recitation (ar. til?wat al-Qur??n) and Islamic call to prayer (ar. ad?n) have in Muslim communities. We often find both of them in chapters on religious music, and can, for instance, hear Gorans from Kosovo say (colloquially) that one sings the call to prayer. Nevertheless, although both the Recitation and the call to prayer employ the system of maq?ms found in secular forms of music, in religious Islamic circles they have never been defined as music, nor are they understood as such in Islamic public opinion. It has been said innumerable times that it is not the (listening to) music per se that is forbidden, but rather the circumstances surrounding music, sometimes associated with the consumption of alcohol or similar behaviour, which leads to transgression of Islamic ethical norms. And even though music - as suggested by Henry George Farmer-was to be found in the private, public, and religious life of the Arabs from pre-Islamic times to the present (Farmer 1967: 17), and even despite it not being forbidden in Islam, the status of the professional musician was never truly regarded as respectable.

THE STATUS OF THE SPIRIT IN AL-MUSTAMLĪ AL-BUḪĀRĪ’S ŠARḤ AL-TA‘ARRUF: CASE STUDY OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF ḤANAFITE SUFISM, SUNNĪ KALĀM AND AVICENNISM IN THE FIFTH / ELEVENTH CENTURY TRANSOXIANA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salimeh Maghsoudlou
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
Premiere Partie

RésuméLa première partie de cet article est consacrée à la présentation d'al-Mustamlī al-Buḫārī et du commentaire volumineux qu'il a rédigé sur al-Ta‘rruf li-maḏhab altaṣawwuf d'al-Kalābāḏī. Al-Mustamlī et al-Kalābāḏī avaient, tous les deux, un grand penchant pour les discussions de kalām et al-Mustamlī s'est étendu sur nombre de questions théologiques dans son commentaire, le Šarḥ al-Ta‘arruf. Au vu de la présence de sujets propres au kalām dans le livre d'al-Mustamlī, cet article abordera la question de l'appartenance de ce dernier aux écoles de la théologie sunnite et montrera que malgré sa proximité géographique avec Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī, al-Mustamlī était probablement affilié à l’école d'Abū l-Ḥasan al-Aš‘arī. La seconde partie de cet article portera sur le problème de la nature de l'esprit (rūḥ) dans le traitement qu'en offre al-Mustamlī. En abordant cette question, al-Mustamlī est allé au-delà des frontières de l'anthropologie physicaliste du kalām et son argument en faveur de l'existence de l'esprit offre des affinités avec la preuve avicennienne de l'existence de l’âme rationnelle, telle qu'elle se présente dans le fameux argument de l'homme volant. L'ouvrage d'al-Mustamlī constitue donc une source importante pour comprendre l'histoire intellectuelle en Transoxiane et les interactions entre les différents groupes de théoriciens – mutakallimūn, Sufis et falāsifa.

scholarly journals Theories and models of globalization ethicizing

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2454
Author(s):  
Dritan Abazović
Keyword(s):  
Global Society ◽  
Ethical Foundation ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
The People ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Political Character

Globalization as a phenomenon is under the magnifying glass of many philosophical discussions and theoretical deliberations. While most theorists deal with issues that are predominantly of economic or political character, this article has a different logic. The article presents six theories which in their own way explain the need for movement by ethicizing globalization. Globalization is a process that affects all and as such it has become inevitable, but it is up the people to determine its course and make it either functional or uncontrolled. The survival and development of any society is measured primarily by the quality of its moral and ethical foundation. Therefore, it is clear that global society can survive and be functional only if it finds a minimum consensus on ethical norms or, as said in theory, if it establishes its ethical system based on which it would be built and developed.

scholarly journals Development of a model of including historical and cultural landscapes in the tourist infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Natalia Shestopalova ◽  
Antonina Riabchenkova ◽  
Svetlana Vershinina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Recreational Resources

The article is devoted to the issues of urban development of the coastal territories in the functional, architectural and planning, social and environmental aspects of design using the example of the island of Olkhon. Natural recreational resources are the basis for the development of tourism in the Baikal region, which include unique landscapes, and objects that have the status of natural monuments. The primary development of tourism in the basin of Lake Baikal is envisaged in all government planning and program documents. Historical and cultural heritage of the region, religion and ethno-cultural features of indigenous peoples who have preserved the age-old traditions of nature management represent a special category of resources. Historical and cultural heritage includes socially recognized material and spiritual values preserved by the society for the maintenance of social and ethnic identity and for transmiting them to the next generations. This information potential of the territory, imprinted in phenomena, events, material objects, moral and ethical norms, scientific and philosophical ideas is necessary for the mankind for its future development.

Excessive Materialism and the Metaphysical Basis of an Object-Oriented Ethics

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
Justin L. Harmon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
The Real ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Feminist New Materialism ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Do So

The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) to critique Graham Harman’s avowedly nonrelational object-oriented ontology from the shared relational vantage of ethics, social philosophy, and feminist new materialism; and (2) to articulate the metaphysical basis for a materialist ontology that serves at once as a posthumanist metaethic, or, as I call it, proto-ethic. The nascent movements of speculative realism and object-oriented ontology suggest some fruitful strategies for challenging the anthropocentrism of the post-Kantian philosophical landscape. They do so, however, by simultaneously foreclosing the possibility of thinking with these strategies to address moral and political problems, insofar as they characterize the real as fundamentally nonrelational. I argue that Harman’s adopted noumenalism is ultimately self-undermining, and offer as an alternative a materialist account of reality as intrinsically phenomenal, where phenomenality is unpacked as the excessive, ongoing source of proto-ethical norms to which every human ethical system implicitly appeals.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Odom ◽  
PL Beemsterboer ◽  
TD Pate ◽  
NK Haden
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
The Status
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