Results and Prospects in the Study of Semantic Change: A Review of From Polysemy to Semantic Change (2008)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-196
Author(s):  
Patrick McConvell ◽  
Maïa Ponsonnet
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Semantic Domains

The topic of this review article is a volume addressing the relationship between polysemy and semantic change, a relationship which has been important in discussions of semantic theory and method particularly in recent years, and which has the potential to unite synchronic and diachronic approaches. The first part of this article consists of thorough reviews of the fourteen chapters in the volume, entitled From Polysemy to Semantic Change, edited by Martine Vanhove (2008). We review each of them in turn, providing a brief summary of the content of each chapter, as well as comments on the impact of the contribution to the study of polysemy and semantic change, and/or on its limits. The second part of the article presents a general evaluation of the volume, and reflects upon the achievements, limits and perspectives of the study of polysemy and semantic change. Some of the chapters demonstrate that a degree of generalization can be reached on these questions, and provide new and potentially productive ways forward in theory and method; others either do not have such aims, or struggle to provide a useful general framework. We consider why this may be the case, and suggest hypothetical solutions. In particular, we examine the difficulty met with drawing conclusions across semantic domains, and the lack of a framework taking language contact and diffusion into account in the study of semantic change.

Language contact, language loyalty, and language prejudice on the Mexican border

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Hispanic Linguistics ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper documents attitudes toward English, Spanish, and Spanish-English Code-switching in Juarez, Mexico, the oldest and largest city along the Mexican–U.S. border. It refutes the finding of related work which has shown two distinct orientations – integrative and instrumental – toward English as a foreign and as a second language, but supports various assumptions regarding the relationship between attitudes and use and the impact of the local milieu on language attitudes. It also explores attitudes toward correctness and sentiments of language loyalty, and highlights the influence of language loyalty on perceptions of Spanish-English Code-switching. Eighty-five Juarez residents were interviewed. (Language attitudes, so-ciolinguistics, Hispanic linguistics, border studies, ethnic studies, Latin American studies)

The Impact of Contact Languages on the Degrammaticalization of the Hebrew Definite Article

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Doron ◽  
Irit Meir
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
The Impact

The Hebrew articleha- is apparently undergoing a process of degrammaticalization within Modern Hebrew. Its distribution has been changing in a particular direction that is unexpected from the point of view of historical linguistics. Whereas in Classical Hebrew it was found with a limited number of lexical items, it now attaches to a variety of phrases. This change is indicative of a change in its morpho-syntactic category: it is becoming more a clitic than an affix. The morpho-syntactic change is accompanied by a semantic change; its function is to mark the definiteness of the phrase it attaches to, rather than being part of the Classical Hebrew state system. We propose that the change has its roots in a language-internal change that affected the periphrastic genitive construction of Mishnaic Hebrew and was enhanced through several phases of language contact such as the contact of Medieval Hebrew with Arabic and the contact of nineteenth-century Hasidic Hebrew with Yiddish.

scholarly journals Theoretical orientation and validity of observation in sociology and anthropology

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ilić
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Participatory Observation

This article discusses closely related issues of the theoretical orientation and the validity of the application of the method of observation in sociology and anthropology. It was preceded by a text which discussed issues of meeting the principles of objectivity, systematicity and reliability when using observation as a research method. General problem of the relationship between theory and research in the application of observation will be analyzed in the subsequent article. Introductory section shows the general framework of a hypothetical - deductive conception of science and the role of the method of observation in this context. The next section of the article analyzes the effort of finding denying cases and discusses the limits of the method of analytical induction. This section deals with the influence of data analysis in qualitative form obtained by (usually participatory) observation and constructing explanations on the validity of the observation. The next section of the article shows the possibility of increasing the validity of the observation by including other sources and methods of data collection. The final section shows the impact of over-emphasizing the epistemological difference between qualitative and quantitative orientation in sociology and anthropology on the possibility of increasing the validity of the observation as a research method.

scholarly journals The Impact of Market Orientation and Diffusion on Commercial Success of Patented Innovation in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Romaine Ferdinands ◽  
Halinah Binti Atan ◽  
Ferdous Azam ◽  
Ali Khatibi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion

Purpose: The study seeks to understand the relationship between two critical success factors for the commercial success of patented innovation: the invention's market orientation and diffusion. The study also assesses the moderating effect of patent ownership in the relationship between the predictors' market orientation (MO) and diffusion (DF) with patent commercialisation success. The observation of the relationship is vital as a high percentage of registered patents in Sri Lanka are individually owned and could be a factor for poor commercial success. Methodology: The empirical study utilises a national sample of patented inventions by Sri Lankan nationals and is cross-sectional. The study used a sample of 220 patent holders from the Sri Lanka National Intellectual Property Office (NIPO) and the Patent Cooperative Treaty (PCT) databases to test the hypotheses. The study selected patents registered between 2010 and 2014. The analysis uses SPSS version 21.

scholarly journals Opportunity, Willingness, and the Diffusion of War

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph M. Siverson ◽  
Harvey Starr
Keyword(s):  
Political Factors ◽  
Alliance Partners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion

Using borders and alliances as indicators of opportunity and willingness, respectively, we test the relationship between these and the diffusion of war during the 1816–1965 period. The impact of borders and alliances, individually and in combination, on the growth of ongoing war through “infectious” diffusion is shown through the comparison of baseline cases to cases where states at peace were exposed to various “treatments” comprised of warring border nations or warring alliance partners. The findings indicate that the probability of war diffusion is substantially increased as opportunities and willingness increase, particularly when such geographic and political factors are combined. The applicability of the opportunity and willingness framework to the study of war and diffusion is expanded and confirmed.

scholarly journals L’articulation entre formation et monde du travail et sa relation avec les trajectoires et les identités des docteurs selon une approche systémique

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Technique ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working World

This article analyzes the social representations related to the working world that groups of PhDs and PhD students who belong to French and Argentine institutions in the same disciplinary fields have (2005-2009; 2009-2014). At the methodological level, we have used a specific qualitative technique, hierarchical evocation. This has allowed us to observe how the actors themselves, in their own words, view the process of professional insertion in the workplace, promotion, preservation of human resources, and the growing uncertainty, among other issues, associated with the working world. Likewise, we have been able to capture their projections for the future and their professional expectations, as well as the impact these processes have on their pathways and identities, which many times are fragile and exist on unstable stages, stages where nationalization, liberalism and the socio-political and economic crisis are leaving their mark. To this general framework, we must add other aspects such as the effects of university for the masses on employment, the saturation of degree-holders and, at the same time, the devaluation of degrees, and their background effects. Our results show “contextualized” similarities and differences between the groups. The relationship between individual/context/individual, as well as the “back and forth” between the micro, meso and macro levels, clearly emerge from our comprehensive sui generis systemic perspective, The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense (Aparicio, 2012, 2015 a, b).

scholarly journals Sensogenomics and the Biological Background Underlying Musical Stimuli: Perspectives for a New Era of Musical Research

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Laura Navarro ◽  
Federico Martinón-Torres ◽  
Antonio Salas
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
New Era ◽  
Multifactorial Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Discovery

What is the actual impact of music on the human being and the scope for scientific research in this realm? Compared to other areas, the study of the relationship between music and human biology has received limited attention. At the same time, evidence of music’s value in clinical science, neuroscience, and social science keeps increasing. This review article synthesizes the existing knowledge of genetics related to music. While the success of genomics has been demonstrated in medical research, with thousands of genes that cause inherited diseases or a predisposition to multifactorial disorders identified, much less attention has been paid to other human traits. We argue for the development of a new discipline, sensogenomics, aimed at investigating the impact of the sensorial input on gene expression and taking advantage of new, discovery-based ‘omic’ approaches that allow for the exploration of the whole transcriptome of individuals under controlled experiments and circumstances.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF HUNGARIAN ON SLOVAK LANGUAGE USE IN BILINGUAL MILIEU

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Sándor János Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slovak Language

This paper as an output of the sociolinguistic project EFOP-3.4.3-16-2016-00023 presents the outcomes of a field research of the relationship between language and thought under the impact of contacts of the Hungarian and Slovak language influenced by analogical grammatical transfer. We intend to present the contact of Hungarian and Slovak spoken by bilinguals with the methods of sociolinguistics and cognitive linguistics. The interpretation is based on the theory of the analogy in language, contact and cognitive linguistics. The paper sets out to analyze morphological aspects of the variety and reflects on the relation of language, thought and culture in the two languages by comparing varieties of languages in bilingual milieu.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

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