The Formation and Regulations of the Military Hunt in Qing Mongolia

Inner Asia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Khohchahar E. Chuluu
Keyword(s):  
Wild Animal ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Military ◽  
Dangerous Activity

Abstract In the Mongolian tradition, hunting and war have had strong connections with each other. During the Qing Empire, Mongolian hunts were not only local practices, but were also involved in the Qing empire-building project. On the other hand, the collective hunt itself was by nature a dangerous activity that contained potential physical risks from wild animal attacks as well as human errors. It is conventionally understood that the hunt therefore must have been well organised in order to secure success and security. But how a hunt was organised and operated in reality has not yet been well examined. This study explores the organisational structure and regulations of a military hunt in Qing Inner Mongolia, a geographically important zone where both the Manchus and Mongols actively held hunts. The primary focus of this article is the nineteenth-century Alasha Banner grand hunt, a well-organised and documented Mongolian military hunt from the Qing period.

The Textual Architecture of Empire in Two Early Qing Anthologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-398
Author(s):  
Jessica Dvorak Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Filial Piety ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Building Project

Abstract During the first half century of the Qing dynasty, Manchu emperors commissioned massive publication projects on the Chinese classics. In early Qing interpretations of classics on the family, negotiations between Manchu and Han family and gender norms furthered the empire-building project. This article compares the spatial form of the Yuding Nei ze yanyi 御定内則衍義 (1656), an expansion of the “Inner Standards” chapter of the Classic of Rites commissioned by the Shunzhi emperor, to that of the Yuding Xiao jing yanyi 御定孝經衍義 (1682), an expansion of the Classic of Filial Piety commissioned by the Kangxi emperor. These works are textual spaces where the cultural and political negotiations of the early Qing empire play out; they use spatial strategies of juxtaposition and hierarchy to balance different messages for different constituencies, creating textual models of empire.

Climate of Conquest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratyay Nath
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
North India ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
Military Logistics ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Military Tactics ◽  
Cultural Climate ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Military

What can war tell us about empire? Climate of Conquest is built around this question. Pratyay Nath eschews the conventional way of writing about warfare primarily in terms of battles and technologies. Instead, he unravels the deep connections that Mughal war-making shared with the broader dynamics of society, culture, and politics. In the process, he offers a new analysis of the Mughal empire from the vantage point of war. Climate of Conquest closely studies the dynamics of the military campaigns that helped the Mughals conquer North India and project their power beyond it. In the first part, Nath argues that these campaigns unfolded in constant negotiation with the diverse natural environment of South Asia. The empire sought to discipline the environment and harness its resources to satisfy its own military needs. At the same time, environmental factors like climate, terrain, and ecology profoundly influenced Mughal military tactics, strategy, and deployment of technology. In the second part, Nath makes three main points. Firstly, he argues that Mughal military success owed a lot to the efficient management of military logistics and the labour of an enormous non-elite, non-combatant workforce. Secondly, he explores the making of imperial frontiers and highlights the roles of forts, routes, and local alliances in the process. Finally, he maps the cultural climate of war at the Mughal court and discusses how the empire legitimized war and conquest. In the process, what emerges is a fresh interpretation of Mughal empire-building as a highly adaptive, flexible, and accommodative process.

Professional ideologies and organisational structure: tanks and the military

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Central Feature ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Strategic Bombing ◽  
Military Profession ◽  
The Military

Doctrinal differences within the military profession have long been a central feature of the development of tactics and strategy, and in earlier periods of history there have been controversies over the appropriate employment of certain arms and units, such as the relative merits of infantry in line or column and the use of cavalry for firepower or shock, as, for example, discussed by Oman (1929) and Quimbey (1957). More recently there has been the question as to the effectiveness of so-called ‘Strategic Bombing’, and the tendency of U.S. doctrine to undervalue the morale factor of guerrillas in their military calculations (Wilson 1970: 142–146).

Order and Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
David Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Standing Army ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Military

This chapter spotlights the role of the state (via the army) in enforcing urban security and in creating professional policing for the capital city. It begins by describing the greatest building project in Dublin, the Royal Barracks. The creation within a capital city of such a vast military establishment was a consequence of the agreement by the (all Protestant) Irish Parliament to house and maintain on Irish soil the bulk of the English standing army during peacetime. The chapter then turns to study the logic behind the increased concentration of the military in the cities. It argues that the permanent presence of military manpower, albeit in largely open residential barracks, helped make the case for continuing the gradual process of urban de-fortification. The chapter also looks into the three collective threats to urban order: faction fights, scarcity riots and artisan protests. It focuses more on the severe food shortages across Ulster and the food protests in 1729 in which civic authorities turned to the military for help. Finally, the chapter reviews the implications of industrial protest — a collective action by producers taken against their masters, other traders or workers, or even against consumers.

The use of crowd and riot control squads in modern police operations

2019 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Witold Apolinarski
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Action ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Riot Control ◽  
The Military

Within the structure of the Polish Police, as a formation statutorily responsible for the protection of health, life and property of citizens, there are crowd and riot control squads (Pol. pododdziały zwarte). These are police organisational units , also referred to as riot police units (Pol. OPP - Oddziały Prewencji Policji) and independent riot police subunits (Pol. SPPP - Samodzielne Pododdziały Prewencji Policji). Their main advantage is the possibility of deploying several thousand police officers to respond to various events in a relatively short period of time and, if necessary, to broadly understood threats to the security of citizens. This is achieved by the use of appropriate mechanisms for maintaining readiness to act and achieving higher levels of readiness, as well as due to an organisational structure based on the military model, mobility based on available means of transport, a system of specialist trainings and modularity and compatibility with other police squads. Quite a wide range of opportunities to act in situations of existing threats to people and the environment raises the question of the quality and possibilities for the development of this structure, its strengths, as well as difficulties that emerge, both in terms of a direct involvement in various forms of police action, as well as those relating to the real condition of the structure, in the context of forces and measures available to the squads in question. At this point, it is necessary to mention other police structures referred to as police squads which include officers who daily perform different prevention activities (e.g. they occupy the posts of patrol and responding officers at county and municipal police headquarters). These are so-called irregular riot police units (Pol. NOP - Nieetatowe Oddziały Prewencji) and irregular riot police subunits (Pol. NPP - Nieetatowe Pododdziały Prewencji); however, their role and operational rules are not the subject matter, and the main issue under consideration is so-called regular units, whose officers remain in the structures of riot police units and independent riot police subunits.

The Investment of Sir John Fastolf's Profits of War

1957 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 91-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hundred Years War ◽  
Henry V ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Military

If we may believe John Leyland, a tradition widely current throughout England in the 1530's attributed some of the costliest building of the later middle ages to warriors who had returned home laden with the spoils of France. Everywhere that the antiquary travelled, from Ampthill in Bedfordshire to Hampton Court near the Welsh border, from Streatlam in county Durham to Farleigh, Somerset, he was told of castles raised in stone and brick ‘ex spoliis nobilium bello Gallico captorurn’, sometimes of a whole mansion paid for from the proceeds of a single battle; and that not merely in the great days of Edward III and Henry V, but also when John of Bedford was ‘governor and regent’ of his dead brother's hard-pressed conquest. So Henry Vffl's subjects, not least those descended from the military captains of the Hundred Years War, were firmly convinced. Members of the Tudor nobility were willing, nay anxious, to swallow some very improbable stories about their family-origins and in a good many cases their faith in a particular forebear's achievement, indeed his very existence, may be open to question. But the fact remains that within a century of Bedford's death the spoils of France were generally regarded as at least a plausible explanation of a family's sudden wealth and of its capacity to embark upon a large-scale building project. There are signs that it had already won acceptance in the lifetime of Leyland's precursor, William Worcester, whose birth in the year of Agincourt and long residence in the household of Sir John Fastolf, the Regent's major-domo from 1422 to 1435, entitle him to speak with more authority.

scholarly journals The Model and Structure of the Slovak Catholic Police Chaplaincy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Sándor Író
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Social Prejudice ◽  
The Military

This study introduces the military ordinariate that was created to provide pastoral care for the members of the army and the forces of law and order of the Slovak Republic; it analyses and examines the organisational structure and tasks of it. Policemen during their police work have to face many issues (such as fatal accidents, homicide, burnout, the thought of leaving the field, corruption, personal problems, the question of weapon-holding, personal and social prejudice, suicide, racism) that they cannot understand, process or handle effectively. In such cases they need help. Police Chaplaincy services work in many countries inside the institutional framework effectively helping the job of the police. The institutional background and structure of the Slovak Police Chaplaincy must be examined, considering that Hungary’s and Slovakia’s historical and cultural traditions are closely related, so during the build-up of the Hungarian Police Chaplaincy, this can provide useful guidance for the ecclesiastical and state leaders.

Money for Empire: The Yokohama Specie Bank Monetary Emissions Before and After the May Fourth (Wusi) Boycott of 1919

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIV HORESH
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Greater China ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Building Project ◽  
Considerable Body

AbstractOver the last three decades, a considerable body of English-language academic work has shed much light on Japan's empire-building project in Greater China during the first half of the twentieth century. At the same time, Japanese-language studies of the country's pre-war financial history have also grown in leaps and bounds. Yet, to date, neither body of literature seems to have fully examined what might appear to the naked eye as one of the critical pre-war junctures, where Japanese financial history converged on imperial policy and Chinese nationalist responses thereto.1 This paper will therefore aim to fill part of the gap by examining how the Yokohama Specie Bank, arguably the backbone of Japanese finance in China Proper, was affected by Chinese anti-foreign boycotts throughout the pre-war era (1842–1937).

scholarly journals MILITARY FORCES OF NERCHINSKY DISTRICT IN 1660–1670S. CRISIS OF DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE EASTERN TRANSBAIKALYE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
E. Bagrin
Keyword(s):  
Military Force ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
Military Threat ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Government ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

The article examines the garrison of Nerchinsk district in 1660–1670s. Formation of Russian military force for defending its southeastern borders had been established during this period in Dauria. The military forces located in Nerchinsk, Telenbinsk and Itantsinsk were too small in number to resist Mongol and Qing Empire troops effectively. The replenishment of Nerchinsk garrison staff happened at a slow pace, at the same time, Daurian military forces could not be strengthened by transferring troops from other places to Transbaikalye and Amur region. Free military contingent from Western Siberian cities was diverted to countermeasure the nomads in southern Siberia. There were not enough warriors in Yakutsk district to «pacify non-peaceful foreigners». Most of warriors in Yeniseisk and Ilimsk were in various «sovereign services» and could not be sent to Dauria. The government was unable to strengthen the southeastern border with people and pursued a policy of avoiding conflicts with neighbors, but at the same time it was sending stocks of weapons and ammunition to the region in case of military threat. The article provides a list of Nerchinsk garrison members in 1675–1677.

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