Structuring Chinese Energy Investments Under the Russian Law on Strategic Investments

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 355-374
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Seliverstov ◽  
Vsevolod D. Krivonosov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Abstract As one of the world’s leading oil- and gas-exporting countries, Russia has many of the prerequisites for playing a significant role in achieving some of the energy policy objectives of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In fact a number of multi-billion Chinese investments in the Russian energy sector have been made during the past few years. Taking the existing experience of Chinese energy investors into account, this article critically analyzes the legal and regulatory framework governing the production of natural resources and the making of energy investments in Russia. The Russian authorities consider energy as a sector of high strategic importance, necessitating increased attention by its legislator and supervising bodies. The article argues that the restrictions imposed on investors by Russia’s rigid legislation predetermine the participation of state-controlled companies and ensure that all major foreign investments in Russia’s oil and gas sector are assessed primarily for their political significance.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

scholarly journals New Book Chronicle

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (359) ◽  
pp. 1401-1411
Author(s):  
Robert Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Technology Change ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
New Phase

Is the era of globalisation on the wane or on the cusp of a new phase of extraordinary expansion? US president Trump's abandonment of trade agreements and the rise of protectionism coincide with China's ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, an unprecedented investment in infrastructure across Asia, Europe and North Africa to improve the connectivity of China with its markets by both land and sea. The future is therefore anyone's guess, but what about the past? There has been much discussion by archaeologists about ancient globalisations (most recently, Hodos 2017), but archaeological studies have often typically been set within the looser framework of ‘connectivity’—the interconnectedness of people and places and the movement of material culture and ideas. The books reviewed here are concerned with various aspects of connectivity, focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean and its European hinterland. All of the volumes are edited collections, each adopting a different unifying theme—the influence of Braudel, a single country as microcosm, the transfer of technology, changevstradition, and the effects of boundaries and frontiers. Do any wider insights into connectivity in the past emerge? And where might archaeological studies of connectivity go next?

scholarly journals China: investment ambitions, limitations and opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Korablin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Belt And Road

The article considers financial aspects of the implementation of the People's Republic of China's international initiative of "One Belt, One Way". China's impressive economic success over the last 30 years has shown how it grew into a major global exporter and investor, gaining the second-country status in terms of national GDP and imports. These changes took place against the backdrop of rapid economic growth and deep structural reforms, which were accompanied by increased output and exports of high value-added products. Under these conditions, the country naturally prefers to reorient the global economic system in such a way that it is more conducive to China's economic, financial and political interests. A key practical tool for implementing such a plan is the One Belt, One Way initiative, which is to ensure simultaneous access to (a) Western technologies, (b) global raw materials markets, (c) infrastructure capacities that should maximize the deliveries of Chinese produce to all corners of the world economy. However, such an ambitious plan requires an extraordinary amount of financial resources. Despite China's considerable international reserves (over $3 trillion), its volume is still insufficient to cope with such a task. Moreover, the country itself needs further assimilation of foreign investment and technology due to the relatively low level of capital intensity of its workforce. China will be able to solve this dilemma if it manages to create a system of "counter investment", that is, attraction and absorption of foreign investments from more technologically developed countries, which are denominated in the main reserve currencies, and simultaneously realize their own foreign investments in Yuan, offering their users deliveries of own products of slightly lower technological complexity than those received from foreign investors. This publication was prepared based on the presentation of "The Belt and Road Initiative - A New Shape of Globalization?" presented at the Institute of World Economics and Policy (IWEP) of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) in May 2019 as part of the International Economic and Economic Conference on "Economic and Trade Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative: Retrospect and Prospect".

The Emerging Eurasian Common Energy Market: What is Its Potential Impact on China’s Belt and Road Initiative?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenis Kembayev†
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Member States ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract This article examines the coordinated energy policy of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the regulatory framework of the emerging Eurasian Common Energy Market as applied to its three major components: the Common Electric Power Market, the Common Gas Market and the Common Market of Petroleum and Petroleum Products. It aims to explore the issue of the potential impact of the EAEU energy policy and its associated regulatory framework on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The article argues that the operation of the Eurasian Common Energy Market will have a positive impact on the BRI project by harmonization and/or unification of energy-related regulations across a significant part of the New Silk Road as well as by the liberalization of the energy markets of EAEU Member States, bringing greater competition and abolishing barriers to trade between EAEU Member States in energy and related equipment, technology and services.

scholarly journals China – Cooperation and rivalry in today's interdependent world: Will pandemic change the trends?

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (S) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Wojciech Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Complex Phenomena

AbstractThe paper examines the importance of the ‘Chinese factor’ in today's world from the perspective of current phenomena such as particular political and economic uncertainty and also examines them against the background of processes of global cooperation and parallel unprecedented competition at the same level. Complex phenomena occurring in this area have recently been additionally disrupted by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Will the world be different?Globalization processes have taken place over the centuries but have gained particular importance in our present times, because we left ‘the golden age’ of globalization (1990–2010) already behind us. China, ever louder, talks about the need for a ‘new’ globalization, in line with its new aspirations as a pretender to the leadership position in the global economy. The Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013, has been in the centre of its vision. It has become the foundation for China's foreign policy in the horizon of at least the middle of XXI century. It was designed to re-confirm China's unprecedented economic success of the past four decades, which to a great extent could be derived from a skilful use of the ‘traditional’ mechanisms of globalization.

scholarly journals A Problem Lurking Just Below the Surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-525
Author(s):  
Terrell Fenner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Remedy

A long history of oil and gas development in Texas has made the state the number one energy producer in the United States, and the bulk of that energy is produced from fuels acquired by drilling into the vast natural resources that sit below the state. As a side effect of this long history, it is common for the surface and mineral estates in Texas to be severed, and many severances happened several generations ago. This history has spread mineral interests between dozens of owners in some cases, many who are unknown and cannot be found. Absentee ownership has diluted the value of these fractionalized interests and has made use by their non-absentee counterparts more difficult. Existing laws that have been used in the past to clear absentee owners from title have not been effective in the context of a severed mineral estate, as those laws evolved primarily to address surface interests, or to accomplish other purposes with only incidental effect on land titles. This Comment discusses the inadequacy of the current methods used in Texas to remove absentee owners from mineral titles and illustrates the need for a more effective remedy. It then offers a dormant mineral act that suits the unique cultural and economic needs of Texas and addresses the growing fractionalization of Texas’s mineral estates.

scholarly journals Tracing China's contemporary interest in post-9/11 Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Yousafzai ◽  
Inamullah Jan ◽  
Nasreen Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Military Campaign

This article aims at examining China's contemporary interests in post-9/11 Afghanistan. China's diplomatic engagement started in post-Taliban Afghanistan, yet it did not take any part in the US military campaign. Sine the US-Taliban engagement for peace talks, Beijing has been playing an active role and hosted a number of Taliban delegations for the peace process. The article argues the security threat from Afghanistan, vast natural resources in Afghanistan; concern of narcotic flow from Afghanistan; the market for Chinese goods, and most importantly, Chin's Belt and Road initiative needs a stable and peaceful Afghanistan are the main factors Beijing is active vis-�-vis contemporary Afghanistan. China's active socio-economic, political, and diplomatic rendezvous in Afghanistan will not only bring peace and stability to Afghanistan but will also augment China's political thump at the global level and provide it with a peaceful neighbourhood, the market for its goods and a corridor for its Belt and Road Initiative.

DOES THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE RESHAPE CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN? SHIFTING MOTIVES OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
SHI JIN ◽  
HU XIAOHUI ◽  
LI YUNXIONG ◽  
FENG TAO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Conditional Logit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

In recent years, China has been increasingly witnessed as a major global outward investor, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The question of whether and if yes how the BRI reshapes firm outward investment motives remains under-researched. Using a project-level database of China’s Outward Direct Investment from the Ministry of Commerce from 2010 to 2015, this paper investigates the changing investment motives of state-owned and private-owned enterprises (SOEs and POEs) before and after the implementation of the BRI in two periods, namely 2010–2013 and 2014–2015. Our conditional logit models show that (1) market-seeking is one of the key motives for both POEs and SOEs; (2) POEs pursued natural resources in ASEAN based on geographical and relational proximity in the pre-BRI period while SOEs are directed to exploit natural resources in ASEAN besides remoter destinations after the launch of the BRI; (3) POEs are risk-taking in both periods, which runs counter to conventional expectations. This can be explained by the long-term investment tradition of POEs in ASEAN in which POEs are attracted predominantly by socio-economic factors and often less sensitive to variegated host institutions among ASEAN countries and (4) the BRI promotes Chinese OFDI in ASEAN through increased senior leader visits and enhanced diplomatic relations.

ICSID’s Relevance for Africa: A Symbiotic Bond Beyond Time 

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-541
Author(s):  
Prof Dr Mohamed S Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Belt And Road

Abstract Africa's human, natural and legal diversity and wealth have always positioned the Continent as a desired investment destination. Historically, Africa contributed in shaping the ISDS system, and since the turn of the 21st Century, the Continent is witnessing considerable economic growth and is attracting many investors from around the world and especially China, which strengthens Africa's integration in the global economy. The past decade has also witnessed an increase in the number of BITs signed by African States, as well as in the number of investment legislations enacted and modernized. This article addresses the increase of investment in the African Continent, the new Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its potential for investments in the African Continent, sheds light on the status quo of the African arbitration landscape, provides an overview of the ICSID-Africa symbiotic relationship, emphasizes the uniqueness of the ICSID system in offering adequate dispute resolution schemes for investment disputes involving African parties and concludes by offering some concluding remarks and observations on the future of arbitration on the African Continent.

PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL FUEL SMUGGLE IN THE BORDER OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA AND TIMOR LESTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Evelyn Bellatrix Sumby
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant natural resources, this can be seen from the abundant human resources that are able to improve the management of existing natural resources. This is also emphasized in Article 33 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD RI 1945). A different fact is faced by small communities in the border area between Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia and Timor Leste. The problem is that the small communities there are not unable to enjoy subsidy relief due to wrong targets but because of smuggling carried out to neighboring countries. In several criminal cases that occurred in the border area between East Nusa Tenggara and Timor Leste, one of them was the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Satgas Pamtas) RI-RDTL East Sector Border Security Task Force, Yonif Raider 408 / Sbh, thwarted the smuggling of thousands of liters of fuel oil. (BBM) in the RI-RDTL border area.There have been many efforts made by the government to improve the welfare of its citizens by utilizing existing natural resources, especially in the oil and gas sector, one of which is in terms of access to energy consumption through fuel oil (BBM) subsidies which are still being debated. Some are of the view that state assistance must be maintained, but on the other hand, they still think that fuel subsidies are still not on target. A different fact is faced by small communities in the border area between Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia and Timor Leste. In addition, at the opening of the International Convention on Indonesian Upstream Oil and Gas 2020, which was organized by SKK Migas, the Government also supported the improvement of the investment climate in Indonesia's upstream oil and natural gas (oil and gas) sector, amid a decline in national oil and gas production and sluggish movement of strategic industries due to the the Covid-19 pandemic.

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