Salinity-induced changes in growth morphology, gas exchange and leaf abscisic acid level of fifteen polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes

Mango is a commercial fruit crop in different parts of the tropical and subtropical world. Commercially important monoembryonic varieties are propagated through grafting onto rootstock seedlings of polyembryonic genotypes that plays an important role in sustained growth and production. Use of salt tolerant genotypes as rootstock to combat the adverse effect of salinity could be helpful for commercial mango production in salt affected areas. Current study was carried out to elucidate the effect of salinity stress induced by NaCl + CaCl2 (1:1 w/w) at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM concentrations in irrigation water on candidate polyembryonic mango genotypes namely EC-95862, Bappakkai, Vellaikolamban, Nekkare, Turpentine, Muvandan, Kurukkan, Kensington, Olour, Manipur, Deorakhio, Vattam, Mylepelian, Sabre and Kitchener. We studied the morpho-physiological changes of these seedlings under salinity induced stress for determining their relative tolerance by assessing growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, inter-nodal length, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, stem diameter and physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, number of stomata and stomata length and width, in addition to ABA content in leaves. Our results clarifies that the polyembryonic genotypes Turpentine, Deorakhio Olour and Bappakkai showed less reduction in terms of growth and better maintenance of gas exchange status under higher level of salinity.

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Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0263-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽

Hassan Abd-El-Khair

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Centre ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Orobanche Crenata ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

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Phytotoxic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. on Seed Germination and Growth Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International ◽

10.9734/jaeri/2020/v21i530144 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

O. S. Olubode ◽

D. O. Ayoola

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phytotoxic Effects ◽

Number Of Leaves

Phytotoxicity of wild plants is sometimes utilized in the control of weeds. Their effects on crops are however not extensively documented. Effects of aqueous extracts of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. were thus examined on seeds and seedlings of maize. Two experiments were laid out in complete randomized designs (CRD) and replicated five times. Ten seeds of maize were initially placed in separate petri-dishes and moistened daily with two (2) ml water extracts of different parts of Olax sp. while 2 ml of distilled water served as control. Secondly, maize seedlings growing on top soil in experimental pots were treated with 100 ml of extracts at seven days intervals for eight weeks. Data were collected on number of germinated seeds daily, and lengths of five randomly selected plumules and radicles at 7 days after sowing (DAS). Number of leaves, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight of seedling were measured using standard methods. Analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test were conducted to statistically determine significant means at P=0.05. Mean germination of (0.71±0.00) was observed at 2 DAS and 2.81±0.10 at 7 DAS. Leaf extracts significantly reduced germinability, but significantly increased number of leaves, plant height (26±1.28), root dry weight (10.30±3.24) and shoot dry weight (14.99±2.13). The results showed that Olax subscorpioidea has alloallelopathic (phytotoxic) effects on maize seeds, but stimulated growth of maize seedlings. Its use as a bio-herbicide or growth stimulant in should be well-timed.

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EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION SALICYLIC ACID ON CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS TOLERANCE TO SOIL SALINITY

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48i3.383 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Al-hayany & et al.

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Root System ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cleopatra Mandarin

This experiment was carried out at the private nursery located at Baquba city/ Diyala governorate during 2015 agricultural season on three years old Citrus rootstocks seedlings to study the effect foliar application of salicylic acid on seedlings tolerance to soil salinity. The experiment included 24 treatment represented three factors: soil salinity levels (1.14,4.62 and 5.30 dSm-1) , two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 250 mg.l -1) and four citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Volkamariana lemon and Troyercitrange ),and their interactions with three replications . The results showed that: increasing soil salinity reduced most studied growth parameters (number and length of branches, number of leaves and fresh weight of the vegetative and root system). Salicylic acid application caused an increment in number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of root system. Citrus rootstocks Troyercitrange was superior on other rootstocks by giving highest values branches length, whereas Cleopatra mandarin rootstock was superior in the number of leaves.

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Propagation of ora-pro-nobis (Cactaceae) from cuttings at different concentrations of IBA

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v15i0.6826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Walter Aparecido Ribeiro Junior ◽

Jean Carlo Baudraz De Paula ◽

Vinicius Rezende Soares ◽

Gianne Caroline Guidoni Stulzer ◽

Isadora Bonfante Rosalem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Dose ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Asexual Propagation ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) is an unconventional food plant, where asexual propagation via cuttings and the use of plant regulators is seen as an alternative in seedling production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the rooting of semi-hardwood cuttings of Pereskia aculeata Mill. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomised design, using cuttings of ora-pro-nobis at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1 IBA in talc. Five treatments were used, with four replications, each comprising 10 cuttings. After 60 days, the following were evaluated: rate of cutting survival (SUR), number of shoots (NS), number of leaves (NL), mean shoot length (MSL), stem diameter (SD), length of the largest root (LRL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), and root dry weight (RDW). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis. SD, SDW and NL were significantly affected by the IBA dose. The values for stem diameter and dry weight as a function of the dose were adjusted to the quadratic model, with the maximum dose estimated at 1.5 g L-1, to give an SD of 6 mm and an SDW of 1.68 g. Number of leaves showed an inverse quadratic adjustment. The doses of IBA used in the semi-hardwood cuttings of Pereskia aculeata Mill. are not a condition of rooting. Stem diameter and shoot dry weight are dependent on the action of IBA, with the maximum response at an approximate dose of 1.5 g L-1.

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Screening of Some Traditional Rice Cultivars of Assam, India, for Their Response to Arsenic-Induced Abiotic Stress

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jyotirmay Kalita ◽

Bhaben Tanti

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Calculated Stress ◽

Relative Water ◽

Traditional Rice ◽

High Arsenic

Rice is the staple food of more than 700 million people in the world and the most important food crop in Assam, India. However, the metalloid arsenic, which is widespread in the groundwater of many parts of Assam, adversely affects the productivity of different crops, including rice. In this study, seedlings of 23 different traditional rice cultivars were subjected to 0.5 mg/L (low) and 0.8 mg/L (high) arsenic under hydroponic conditions, and various growth parameters (viz., relative water content, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content) were recorded. The cultivars showed varying degrees of susceptibility, as observed by the changes in the different morphological and physiological parameters under arsenic-induced stress. The calculated stress response indices revealed that the cultivar ‘Monasali’ had the best overall tolerance at the high arsenic concentration, whereas ‘Biyoi Sali,’ ‘Baismuthi,’ and ‘Bora’ were most susceptible. On the basis of these observations, ‘Monasali’ was determined as an arsenic-tolerant cultivar, but further biochemical and molecular studies are needed to verify this.

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Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam (Ammaranthus tricolor) Secara Hidroponik NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)

Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) ◽

10.24843/jbeta.2020.v08.i01.p08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

I Made Suarjana ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Apriadi Aviantara ◽

Gede Arda

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Final Value ◽

Average Value ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Number Of Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of spinach plants with hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) and to determine the most effective spacing and spinach results of hydroponic NFT plant growth. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatment spacing, namely 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm. Each treatment uses the same number of plants as 15 plants in one gutter. The study was conducted for 20 days. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter. High parameters and number of leaves are measured every two days, while parameters of fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and stem diameter are measured after harvest on the 20th day. For the final value obtained from the calculation of plant height growth parameters, namely JT5 (27.45), JT10 (32.45), JT15 (33.22), and JT20 (32.94). And for the final value obtained from the calculation of the number leaf growth parameters, namely JT5 (11.21), JT10 (12.19), JT15 (12.51), and JT20 (12.17). While the final value of crop yield parameters for root lengths is JT5 (28.06), JT10 (30.43), JT15 (31.36), JT20 (30.70). For the stem diameter the average value obtained is JT5 (0.72), JT10 (8.84), JT15 (0.90), JT20 (0.85). For fresh weight of plants, the average values ??obtained are JT5 (182.40), JT10 (208.24), JT15 (215.07), JT20 (210.76). And for dry weight, the average value obtained is JT5 (9.51), JT10 (13.52), JT15 (15.05), JT20 (13.71). It can be concluded that from the results of the ANOVA analysis, the treatment of 15 cm spacing had the best results and the spacing of 5 cm showed the lowest results in each treatment observed.

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Effect of Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Bioactive Component of Plumbago zeylanica (Lead Wort)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n5p141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hetal D. Patel ◽

Ramar Krishnamurthy ◽

Musibau A. Azeez

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Plumbago Zeylanica ◽

Bioactive Component ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Number Of Branches

<p>A comparative study on effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertiliser on Plumbago zeylanica for growth, yield and bioactive component was conducted at Bardoli (district-Surat), India between 2012 and 2013 using Random Block Design method and monthly observation of growth parameters. Application of biofertiliser Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria and mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, length of root, fresh weight, dry weight and bioactive component (plumbagin). Highest effect on height (91.33±10.13) of plant was obtained with PSB applied biofertiliser whereas the number of branches (14.67±0.47) and number of leaves (25.60±13.17) was obtained with Azospirillum biofertilizer application. The length PSB (33.33±1.32), fresh weight (26.44±1.32) and dry weight of roots (24.66±1.13) was realized with application of mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB. The bioactive component (plumbagin) was high with application of Azospirillum (0.026%w/w) using HPLC. The results of this study suggest that biofertiliser have the potential to increase the growth, yield and bioactive component of Plumbago zeylanica.</p>

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Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Adam

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cochliobolus Sativus ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

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Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9080182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Ruchi Bansal ◽

Swati Priya ◽

Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽

Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽

Mahesh Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cadmium Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Cd Tolerance ◽

Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

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EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2001.24.35.135 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (35) ◽

pp. 135-148

Author(s):

Mohammed El Midaoui ◽

Ahmed Talouizte ◽

Benbella Mohamed ◽

Serieys Hervé ◽

Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mineral Deficiency ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

K Deficiency ◽

Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

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