scholarly journals The genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in Albania: Taxonomy and Nickel accumulation in a critical group of metallophytes from a major serpentine hot-spot

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORENZO CECCHI ◽  
ISABELLA BETTARINI ◽  
ILARIA COLZI ◽  
ANDREA COPPI ◽  
GUILLAUME ECHEVARRIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Group ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Nickel Accumulation

Metal hyperaccumulator plants represent a unique biological resource for scientific research and practical applications. Though essential, however, an adequate knowledge of the systematics of these plants is often missing. This is the case of Odontarrhena, a large but taxonomically critical group of nickel hyperaccumulators from Eurasia. We present a study on this genus in Albania, to fill a gap in our knowledge of this group from a major centre of diversity of metallicolous flora, and to contribute updated information to the Global Hyperaccumulator Database. Morphological and karyological analyses of material from field collections across all major serpentine outcrops in the country, in different years and seasons, allowed to delimit seven taxa: O. albiflora, O. chalcidica, O. moravensis, O. sibirica, O. decipiens, O. smolikana subsp. glabra and O. rigida. The three latter taxa have been long neglected and were resurrected in view of their clear distinctness, while commonly accepted taxa such as O. bertolonii subsp. scutarina and O. markgrafii were reduced to synonymy of O. chalcidica due to the lack of consistent differentiation. Polyploidy was prevalent, while diploid complements were typical of the two vicariant endemics O. rigida and O. moravensis. Types are indicated or newly designated for each entity, and nomenclatural issues are addressed based on in-depth studies of literature and herbarium material. Revised descriptions, phenology, habitat and distribution data are given for each taxon, as well as original iconographies and chromosome counts. A revised identification key is provided. Shoot nickel concentrations were determined to assess accumulation levels of taxa and populations in natural conditions and their potential for phytoextraction of this metal from the soil. With ca. 23000 and 17000 µg of Ni g-1 of shoot dry weight, respectively, the tetraploids O. chalcidica and O. decipiens were the most promising candidates, especially the latter for its robust habit.

scholarly journals The genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in Albania: Taxonomy and Nickel accumulation in a critical group of metallophytes from a major serpentine hot-spot

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORENZO CECCHI ◽  
ISABELLA BETTARINI ◽  
ILARIA COLZI ◽  
ANDREA COPPI ◽  
GUILLAUME ECHEVARRIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Group ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Nickel Accumulation

Metal hyperaccumulator plants represent a unique biological resource for scientific research and practical applications. Though essential, however, an adequate knowledge of the systematics of these plants is often missing. This is the case of Odontarrhena, a large but taxonomically critical group of nickel hyperaccumulators from Eurasia. We present a study on this genus in Albania, to fill a gap in our knowledge of this group from a major centre of diversity of metallicolous flora, and to contribute updated information to the Global Hyperaccumulator Database. Morphological and karyological analyses of material from field collections across all major serpentine outcrops in the country, in different years and seasons, allowed to delimit seven taxa: O. albiflora, O. chalcidica, O. moravensis, O. sibirica, O. decipiens, O. smolikana subsp. glabra and O. rigida. The three latter taxa have been long neglected and were resurrected in view of their clear distinctness, while commonly accepted taxa such as O. bertolonii subsp. scutarina and O. markgrafii were reduced to synonymy of O. chalcidica due to the lack of consistent differentiation. Polyploidy was prevalent, while diploid complements were typical of the two vicariant endemics O. rigida and O. moravensis. Types are indicated or newly designated for each entity, and nomenclatural issues are addressed based on in-depth studies of literature and herbarium material. Revised descriptions, phenology, habitat and distribution data are given for each taxon, as well as original iconographies and chromosome counts. A revised identification key is provided. Shoot nickel concentrations were determined to assess accumulation levels of taxa and populations in natural conditions and their potential for phytoextraction of this metal from the soil. With ca. 23000 and 17000 µg of Ni g-1 of shoot dry weight, respectively, the tetraploids O. chalcidica and O. decipiens were the most promising candidates, especially the latter for its robust habit.

scholarly journals An illustrated inventory of the sea slugs of New South Wales, Australia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt J. Nimbs ◽  
Stephen D.A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Private And Public

Although the Indo-Pacific is the global centre of diversity for the heterobranch sea slugs, their distribution remains, in many places, largely unknown. On the Australian east coast, their diversity decreases from approximately 1000 species in the northern Great Barrier Reef to fewer than 400 in Bass Strait. While occurrence records for some of the more populated sections of the coast are well known, data are patchy for more remote areas. Many species have very short lifecycles, so they can respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. The New South Wales coast is a recognised climate change hot-spot and southward shifts in distribution have already been documented for several species. However, thorough documentation of present distributions is an essential prerequisite for identifying further range extensions. While distribution data are available in the public realm, much is also held privately as photographic collections, diaries and logs. This paper consolidates the current occurrence data from both private and public sources as part of a broader study of sea slug distribution in south-eastern Australia and provides an inventory by region. A total of 382 species, 155 genera and 54 families is reported from the mainland coast of New South Wales.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Properties and Stonecrop Growth in Green Roof Substrates Amended with Compost and Hydrogel

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Olszewski ◽  
Marion H. Holmes ◽  
Courtney A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Conditions

There is a lack of quantifiable data concerning physical analyses specific to shallow-depth green roof substrates and their effects on initial plant growth. Physical properties were determined for green roof substrates containing (by volume) 50%, 60%, or 70% heat-expanded coarse slate and 30% heat-expanded fine slate amended with 20%, 10%, or 0% landscape and greenhouse waste compost. Each substrate also was amended with hydrogel at 0, 0.75, 1.50, or 3.75 lb/yard3. There were no differences in total porosity among substrates containing 0%, 10%, or 20% compost, although total porosity increased for all substrates amended with hydrogel at 3.75 lb/yard3. Container capacity increased in substrates containing 3.75 lb/yard3 hydrogel, except for substrates containing 10% compost where hydrogel had no effect. Aeration porosity decreased when 10% or 20% compost was added to substrates. Determination of aeration porosity at an applied suction pressure of 6.3 kPa (AP-6.3 kPa), indicated that AP-6.3 kPa was higher in substrates containing 0% compost than substrates containing 20% compost. Shoot dry weight and coverage area measurements of ‘Weihenstephaner Gold’ stonecrop (Sedum floriferum) and ‘Summer Glory’ stonecrop (Sedum spurium) were determined 9 weeks after plug transplantation into substrates. Both stonecrop species responded similarly to substrate amendments. Initial plant growth was greater in substrate containing 20% compost and 3.75 lb/yard3 hydrogel than nonamended substrate resulting in 198% and 161% higher shoot dry weight and coverage area, respectively. Alkaline heat-expanded slate and acidic compost components affected initial pH of substrates, but there was less variation among final substrate pH values. We conclude that compost and/or hydrogel amendments affected physiochemical properties following incorporation into slate-based green roof substrates, resulting in greater initial plant growth, and that these amendments may have practical applications for improving growing conditions on green roofs.

Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Charles J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

Effects of an Autoregulatory Senescence-inhibitor Gene Construct on Nicotiana alata Link and Otto.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 519d-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Gene Construct ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitor System

Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding a senescence-specific promoter SAG12 cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana fused to a Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (IPT) that catalyzes cytokinin synthesis. This was considered an autoregulatory senescence-inhibitor system. In 1996, we reported delayed senescence of intact flowers by 2 to 6 d and delayed leaf senescence of transgenic vs. wild-type N. alata. Further evaluations in 1997 revealed several other interesting effects of the SAG12-IPT gene construct. Measurement of chlorophyll content of mature leaves showed higher levels of both chlorophyll a and b in transgenic material under normal fertilization and truncated fertilization regimes. At 4 to 5 months of age transgenic plants expressed differences in plant height, branching, and dry weight. Plant height was reduced by 3 to 13 cm; branch counts increased 2 to 3 fold; and shoot dry weight increased up to 11 g over wild-type N. alata. These observations indicate the system is not tightly autoregulated and may prove useful to the floriculture industry for producing compact and more floriferous plants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

scholarly journals Testing the potential of LEDs to enhance growth and quality characteristics of Salvia fruticosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

The effect of light-emitting diodes (LED) with broad radiation spectra on developmental, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa L.) seedlings was assessed. Fluorescent (FL – control) tubes and four LED lights [AP67 (moderate blue, red and far-red), L20AP67 (moderate blue, red and far-red, high green), AP673L (moderate blue, high red) and NS1 (high blue and green, low red, high red : far-red, 1% ultraviolet)] were used in a growth chamber. Seedlings grown under FL, L20AP67 and AP673L exhibited the best morphological and developmental characteristics. FL led to inferior root biomass formation compared to all LEDs. AP67 promoted greater root-to-shoot dry weight ratio and dry-to-fresh overground and root weight ratios, but induced the least morphological and developmental characteristics. NS1 performed well regarding the root biomass production. Total phenolic content and the root growth capacity were not significantly affected. The present study demonstrates that L20AP67 and AP673L LEDs performed equally to FL light regarding the developmental characteristics. AP67 and NS1 may have the potential to be used for compact seedling production.

Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Murat Uzunlu ◽  
Ali Riza Demirkiran
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) application at various concentrations through seed immersion or foliar spray would protect muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Twenty-one-day-old plants pre-treated with ASA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) were subjected to chilling stress for 72 h at 3 ± 0.5°C. ASA, applied either through seed immersion or foliar spray, was effective within the range of 0.1 to 1 mM in inducing tolerance to chilling stress in muskmelon seedlings; however, there was no significant difference between application methods. ASA significantly and curvilinearly affected all seedling growth and stress indicator variables tested except shoot dry weight. The best protection was obtained from seedlings pre-treated with 0.5 mM ASA. The highest ASA concentration used was slightly less effective in providing chilling stress protection. Even though both methods provided similar means of protection, due to its simplicity and practicality, immersion of muskmelon seeds prior to sowing in 0.5 mM ASA would be a more desirable method to induce tolerance to chilling stress. Key words: Cucumis melo, aspirin, chilling stress tolerance, gas exchange, electrolyte leakage

scholarly journals Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽  
Bilal Javed ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

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