Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
One Year

A list of all known taxa described or recorded from Burmese amber from the published literature up to the end of 2018 is given, along with a comprehensive bibliography. The history of the study of inclusions is summarised, and demonstrates that the number of species has risen exponentially over the past two decades. The first three species were named in 1916 and by the end of 1920 a total of 42 species had been named by T.D.A. Cockerell. Only three more species were named by 1999 though by the end of 2018 the total had risen to an incredible 1,192 species, of which over half were named in the past three years. Some 320 species were named in 2018, the highest number described from one type of amber in any one year in the entire history of amber studies.

scholarly journals Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhao Yang ◽  
Nathalie Feiner ◽  
Catarina Pinho ◽  
Geoffrey M. While ◽  
Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractThe Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are among the most abundant, diverse, and conspicuous Mediterranean fauna. Here, we unravel the remarkably entangled evolutionary history of wall lizards by sequencing genomes of 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, and two clades of Mediterranean island endemics. Diversification within these clades was pronounced between 6.5–4.0 MYA, a period spanning the Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which the Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange between lineages has been a pervasive feature throughout the entire history of wall lizards. This has resulted in a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes with major contributions from two or more parental taxa. These hybrid lineages gave rise to several of the extant species that are endemic to Mediterranean islands. The mosaic genomes of island endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability and striking diversity in body size, shape and colouration, which have puzzled biologists for centuries.

Oral Traditions: Whose History

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Spear
Keyword(s):  
Oral Traditions ◽  
African History ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Tradition Orale

Historians rarely pause to reflect on the history and theory of our own discipline, but it is a salutary exercise, particularly when the discipline is as young as African history. Twenty years ago a majority of African peoples emerged from colonial domination and acquired their independence. In that same year their history was also symbolically liberated from domination by the activities of Europeans in Africa through the inauguration of the Journal of African History. And one year later the new African history was given what was to become one of its dominant methodologies with the publication of Jan Vansina's De la tradition Orale.African history was to be the history of Africans, a history that had begun well before the European ‘discovery’ of Africa. The problem was sources. Western historiography was firmly based on written sources which could be arranged in sequence and analyzed to trace incremental changes and establish cause and effect relationships in evolutionary patterns of change. Unlike written documents which were recorded in the past and passed down unchanged into the present, oral traditions had to be remembered and retold through successive generations to reach the present. Their accuracy was thus subject to lapses in memory and falsification in the long chains of transmission from the initial report of the event in the past to the tradition told in the present. To overcome these problems Vansina established an elaborate and meticulous methodology by which traditions should be collected and transcribed, their chains of transmission traced and variants compared, and obvious biases and falsifications stripped off to produce primary documents suitable for writing history within the western genre.

scholarly journals Mycobacteriosis treatment challenges in patients with HIV-infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
M. A. Savchenko ◽  
A. M. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Over the past decade, in Russian Federation there has been a steady increase in the incidence of MAC-infection in patients with HIV (the growth of nosology over the past five years, on average, was 57% per year). This determines the interest in this problem, especially in terms of the high inefficiency of treatment for the disease, the long term and cost of treatment. The history of the study of Mycobacterium Avium Complex-infection (MAC) originates in the early eighties in the United States, when the prognosis for a patient with AIDS and mycobacteriosis was extremely poor: mortality within one year after the detection of pathogen reached 71%. The role of infection in the thanatogenesis of patients was, however, established only by the beginning of the nineties. The detection of macrolide activity against the pathogen significantly improved the prognosis for patients, especially in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The widespread introduction of antiviral drugs into practice and the ability to achieve immune reconstitution prevented the development of opportunistic infections, but did not solve the remaining issues of the treatment of the MAC-infection. The main one is the treatment of patients with a clarithromycin-resistant pathogen. There is no consensus on the sensitivity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria to antibacterials.

scholarly journals A rare case of peritoneo-cutaneous fistula after laparoscopy converted to open failed cholecystectomy: meticulously managed by laparoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Washim F. Khan ◽  
Yashwant S. Rathore ◽  
Gurpremjit Singh ◽  
Sandeep Jain ◽  
Devender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Fistula Tract ◽  
Cutaneous Fistula ◽  
The Past ◽  
Serous Discharge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Gallbladder ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gallbladder Fossa

Peritoneo-cutaneous fistula can occur following cholecystectomy due to leftover stones. However, cholecysto-cutaneous fistula has been found to be associated with complication of acute cholecystitis. But never before a fistula associated with abandoned cholecystectomy without spillage of stone have been described in literature. We describe a case report of a 25-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant serous discharge from a previous incision site for the past 8 months. The patient had a history of failed cholecystectomy one year back. The patient was evaluated radiologically with computed tomography sinogram and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram (MRCP) and found to have a tract communicating with subcutaneous tissue and gallbladder fossa with normal gallbladder anatomy and a single calculus. The patient was managed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully with excision of peritoneo-cutaneous fistula tract. All difficult and failed cholecystectomies should be attempted at high volume surgical centres by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon only.

scholarly journals Russian Turkestan Expeditions in 1909–1910 and 1914–1915: Findings and Prospects of the Study of Archives

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Mihail Buharin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Oriental Studies

In 2018–2020, a group of researchers of the project “The Second Russian Turkestan Expedition of Academician Sergei Oldenburg in 1914–1915. Unpublished Materials from RAS Archives” have identified and prepared for publication the entire body of primary scientific documents from RAS archives. The documents fully cover the work of Russian researchers in studying Qianfodong and Turpan Oasis. Through their efforts, the works that undoubtedly represent the greatest achievements of Russian Oriental studies in their entire history are being introduced to academia. The biographies of all the participants of the works have been largely restored, and their previously unknown correspondence has been prepared for publication. The key result of the research was the preparation for publication of Academician Sergei Oldenburg’s “Description of the Qianfodong Caves near Dunhuang”. The importance of Oldenburg’s paper in the site study has only increased over the past century. The most promising areas for further work include the restoration and preparation for printing of the photographic archive of the Second Russian Turkestan Expedition consisting of over 2,000 images stored in the State Hermitage Museum. The publication of this photographic archive will completely fill a major gap in the history of Russian Oriental studies.

scholarly journals The history of the school campus in Chechnya (1920s)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Khatmat Abuevna Matagova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Soviet Trade ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stage 1

The paper attempts to characterize the history of the school campus, which is one of the specific forms of national personnel training in the Chechen Autonomous Region in the 1920s. In the first Soviet decades considerable attention was paid to the problems of education in the national outskirts. The low level of literacy of the population of Chechnya, inherited from the past, led to the features of processes occurring in the field of education and culture. The lack of the required number of national personnel and the need for their concentration in one area to serve simultaneously several academic units led to the organization of Lenin campuses. In 1925 in Chechnya an education city was organized that united a pedagogical college, an agricultural school of the Soviet party school and a school with a total combined educational and economic part. By 1930 there had been changes in the structure of the school campus, which included by that time a reference school (four-year stage 1), a cooperative vocational school, one-year training courses in technical school, agricultural training. Teachers college was not included in the school campus by that time. The training campus in Chechnya trained thousands of party and Soviet, trade Union, Komsomol and farm workers and was an important link in the education system of the Chechen Republic.

scholarly journals COVID-19: One year together

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
A. N. Lukashev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

The pandemic of COVID-19, a novel respiratory infection, has become one of the most significant events in the history of infectious diseases over the past 100 years. The article reviews the main stages in the development of a pandemic and the fight against it, the most appealing issued faced by medical science, the successes and mistakes of healthcare systems and researchers, the current state of the problem and the nearest prospects.

scholarly journals Leszczyński zaryzykował syntezę historiograficzną – proludową, antyelitarną, daleką od „polityki historycznej”

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Marcin Kula
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Work Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Popular Classes

Adam Leszczyński’s book Ludowa historia Polski. Historia wyzysku i oporu. Mitologia panowania (2020) [A People’s History of Poland: A Story of Exploitation and Resistance – the Mythology of Ruling] contains a historiosophical vision and covers the entire history of Poland in a manner that has not been seen in academic Polish historiography for years. Leszczyński focuses on analyzing the history of the popular classes. He describes this peasant nation and its work, status, and living conditions, along with the poor state of the countryside; he writes of the humiliating treatment of the peasants in the interwar period, and about popular behavior and revolts, first, for example, in the form of flight from the manor, then in the development of socialist, national, or peasant movements, and later as revolts in rural areas in the interwar period and opposition to collectivization in the People’s Republic of Poland. Leszczyński shows that in the past the peasants had no interest in working well. He presents the working conditions in factories in the early period of industrialization and the emerging conflicts. The author of the essay considers that the facts and phenomena in the history of the peasants presented by Leszczyński may be a good starting and reference point for analyses of very different matters in historiography and in contemporary research. He appreciates Leszczyński’s wide-ranging, anti-elite, and pro-people synthesis.

Commentary on Christians and Anti-Semitism

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Question ◽  
German History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Anti-Semitism is the darkest and ugliest side of a modern German history that has had more than its share of dark and ugly sides. There is a strong and intellectually by no means illegitimate temptation to see the entire history of German anti-Semitism as a one-way street leading straight to the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question.” Yet such a teleological approach to anti-Semistism does not do justice to the complexity of the past, does not highlight what Karl Schleunes has called “the twisted road to Auschwitz.” The excellent thematic articles in this issue all take up this complexity, their authors demonstrating a subtle and sensitive approach toward understanding anti-Semitic attitudes and behavior. One could go further and say that the whole is more than the sum of the parts, that several themes running through all the individual contributions describe and characterize a one hundred year history of Catholic anti-Semitism in Germany. I have identified four such themes and will discuss their changes and variations, both over time and in the different handling of them by the authors.

Remembering Popular Music, Documentary Style

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Huber
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
To Come ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

Over the past forty years, a growing number of television documentaries have attempted to produce a history of Anglo-American popular music for a wide audience. This article represents an attempt to come to terms with the particularity of the popular music documentary form and the different ways in which these documentaries present themselves as authoritative public texts that circulate understandings about popular music’s past. The argument is inspired by the landmark mid-1970s installment in this tradition: Tony Palmer’s epic seventeen-part narrative, All You Need Is Love. While this series makes strong historical claims—in Palmer’s words, it sets out to tell “nothing less than the entire history and development of popular music”—the author argues that the series is, in fact, based on the tropes and discourses of memory. Through an analysis of some of the particular formal and aesthetic characteristics of the series, this article reveals the ways in which talking and thinking about the past of popular music and its culture necessarily call on an experience of the senses that is simultaneously replayed and refracted as memory.

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