Taxonomic notes and new synonyms on Brazilian Macromitrium Bridel (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 454 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
DAIANE VALENTE VALENTE ◽  
DENILSON FERNANDES PERALTA ◽  
RENATO XAVIER ARAÚJO PRUDÊNCIO ◽  
PAULO EDUARDO AGUIAR SARAIVA CÂMARA
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Flora Of Brazil ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The World ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Brazilian Flora

Brazil is a megadiverse country that intends to catalog all its flora by 2020. Therefore, knowledge about taxonomy and the correct identification of species is essential for accessing the real species biodiversity. Macromitrium (Orthotrichaceae) is considered the third largest moss genus in the world and with the majority of its species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. For Brazil 64 species have been cited, but 44 remain as unknown to the Brazilian flora. The aim of this work was to check all 64 names of Brazilian Macromitrium helping to clarify its validity and correct identification. Type specimens from 14 herbaria were studied using optical microscopy. After this analysis 22% are good species, 54% are synonymous of others species; 13% are excluded from the Brazilian flora and 11% were not possible to check. This work contributed to clarify the diversity of Macromitrium in Brazil, contributing to the knowledge of bryophytes and important data for the flora of Brazil 2020.

scholarly journals An annotated catalogue of the scorpion types (Arachnida, Scorpiones) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Part I: Parvorder Iurida Soleglad & Fet, 2003

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-92
Author(s):  
Lionel Monod ◽  
Nadine Duperre ◽  
Danilo Harms
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Annotated Catalogue

Scorpions have always inspired fear and fascination because of the potency of their venoms. Although this ancient arachnid group is relatively small (ca. 2400 species) and has been continuously studied for the past century, the taxonomy is still in a state of flux and the correct identification of species often remains difficult. With more than 725 species and 9000 specimens, the Zoological Museum in Hamburg (ZMH) holds one of the largest and most significant scorpion collections in the world. This collection also contains many historical types described by Karl Kraepelin in the early 20th century. In order to contribute to a more stable scorpion taxonomy and to assist future scorpion researchers, we present an illustrated and annotated catalogue of the ZMH scorpion collections. The type specimens of 89 species belonging to 10 families are documented, imaged and assessed alongside their primary data. For practical reasons, only the taxa belonging to the parvorder Iurida Soleglad et Fet, 2003 are presented here whilst the Parvorder Buthida Soleglad et Fet, 2003 will be catalogued in a second publication.

Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) in the Central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil: checklist, endemism, and nomenclatural changes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIANE NEPOMUCENO COSTA ◽  
CAROLINE OLIVEIRA ANDRINO ◽  
PAULO TAKEO SANO ◽  
MARCELO TROVÓ ◽  
LÍVIA ECHTERNACHT
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The World ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Flora ◽  
Main Center

The Espinhaço Range in Brazil is one of the richest regions in the world in plant species. It is also the main center of diversity and endemism of many taxa, including Paepalanthus. This genus is the second largest in Eriocaulaceae, and the third largest genus of the Brazilian flora. This work aims to survey the Paepalanthus richness in the Central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais. A checklist of 116 Paepalanthus species and two varieties is presented here, with data and comments about richness, endemism, and conservation, together with a new synonym for Paepalanthus bonsai and a new combination for Actinocephalus, both endemic species. Among the 116 recorded species, 56 occur inside at least one Protected Area, 54 are endemic to the Central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, of which 17 are micro-endemic. Ten species known only from the type specimen or poorly known were rediscovered, while 15 species remain known only from the type. The novelties presented here result from extensive and intensive field efforts, but there are areas of difficult access that remain poorly explored. Further investigation in these areas might lead to the discovery of unknown and rare species.

Ancient Egyptian Wheats

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Helbaek
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Correct identification of remains of cultivated plants is prerequisite to a reasonable concept of the early history of these plants and of agriculture in general. Sooner or later faulty or incomplete identification may lead to wrong conclusions and thus, on the one hand, obscure connections between places and peoples which might otherwise be indicated by contemporary cultivated plants, or on the other, suggest interrelations which did not exist.Perhaps of all countries in the world Egypt is the one which has yielded the most material for the study of ancient plant husbandry, and yet the introduction of the plants into that country and the species grown is not yet fully elucidated.Until quite recently Emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) was the only species of wheat reported in deposits of prehistoric and dynastic Egypt up to the Ptolemaean period. Then Eincorn (Triticum monococcum L.) was added to the list, in that its presence in the Late Neolithic find at el Omari near Helouan, and in the third dynasty tomb of Pharaoh Zoser at Saqqara was claimed by various authors. These identifications were disputed on the basis of reasonable doubt, but no documentation has hitherto been offered to prove the claim or the validity of the protest.

scholarly journals An Implementation of MMS Steganography With The LSB Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dian Ahkam Sani ◽  
Mohammad Zoqi Sarwani ◽  
Muhamad Agus Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Access Information

Around the world, the internet (interconnection network) has developed into one of the most popular data communication media. With a variety of illegal information retrieval techniques that are developing, many people are trying to access information that is not their right. Various techniques to protect confidential information from unauthorized persons have been carried out to secure important data. Steganography is a science and art for writing hidden messages so that no other party knows the existence of the message. The three results of tests conducted by the LSB method can be used to hide messages into images. The first test was successful by writing a message that less than 31 characters stored in the picture, the second succeeded in writing a message equal to 31 characters stored in the picture, the third failed to write a message of more than 31 characters stored in the picture.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

Epidemias y Religión

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
Bruno Van der Maat
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Reflections

The current pandemic has seen some adverse reactions from the most diverse religious groups all over the world to government regulations. After having described some of their manifestations, this contribution analyzes what the Bible and some post biblical (patristic and Talmudic) traditions say about illness and pandemics. As it is ascertained that these sources contain very limited material on these subjects, the third part of this article proposes some ethical reflections regarding the official response to the pandemic as well as some pastoral implications. Key Words: Pandemic, Religion, Bible, Talmud, Pastoral Care.

Interpretation of Nonsense as a Method of Children Imagination Development (as exemplified in Carroll L. «Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Powerful Incentive ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking

The article enlightens the probem of nonsense and its role in the development of creative thinking and fantasy, and the way how the interpretation of nonsense affects children imagination. The function of imagination inherent to a person, and especially to a child, has a powerful potential – to create artificially new metaphorical models, absurd and most incredible situations based on self-amazement. Children are able to measure the properties of unfamiliar objects with the properties of known things. It is not difficult for small researchers to replace incomprehensible meanings with familiar ones; to think over situations, to make analogies, to transfer signs and properties of one object to another. The problem of nonsense research is interesting and relevant. The element of the game is an integral component of nonsense. In the process of playing, children cognize the world, learn to interact with the world, imitating the adults behavior. Imagination and fantasy help the child to invent his own rules of the game, to choose language elements that best suit his ideas. The child uses the learned productive models of the language system to create their own models and their own language, attracting language signs: words, morphs, sentences. Children’s dictionary stimulates word formation and language nomination processes. Nonsense-words are the result of children’s dictionary, speech errors and occazional formations, presented in the form of contamination, phonetic transformations, lexical substitution, implemented on certain models. The first two models are phonetic imitation and hybrid speech, based on the natural language model. The third model of designing nonsense is represented by words that have no meaning at all and can be attributed to words-portmonaie. Due to the flexibility of interframe relationships and the lack of algorithmic thinking, children can not only capture the implicit similarity of objects and phenomena, but also create it through their imagination. Interpretation of nonsense is an effective method of developing imagination in children, because metaphors, nonsense as a means of creating new meanings, modeling new content from fragments of one’s own experience, are a powerful incentive for creative thinking.

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

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