scholarly journals Północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne w polszczyźnie „Kuriera Wileńskiego” w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 90-114
Author(s):  
Joanna Joachimiak-Prażanowska
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Reflexive Pronoun ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Reflexive Verbs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Inflectional Features

Northern borderland inflectional features in the Polish language of Kurier Wileński in the interwar period This article presents Northern Borderland inflectional features functioning in the Polish language of a daily newspaper released in Vilnius county in the period of Interwar.Specific language facts concerning the scope of inflection, not corresponding with common Polish standards, in the Interwar period were excerpted from Kurier Wileński between 1924 and 1939.In this newspaper, 21 peculiar phenomena occurred which are classified by linguists examining earlier periods as characteristic features of the Northern Borderland inflection.The textual frequency of distinctive forms varied. Only six phenomena were signifi­cantly outstanding with their high frequency of occurrence: change of number (oklask), special inflectional endings of genitive case in nominal form (krzaku, gabineta), ending -a in nominative case of plural form (fakta), enclitic form mię, omission of the reflexive pronoun się in reflexive verbs (wymknąć), reflexive verbs functioning as passive verbs (wydają się obiady). These innovative changes are only changes of number and verbs without common się. The rest of features in the researched period were recessive in the general Polish language. All phenomena mentioned here occurred often (usually more often than in the analysed newspaper) in post-war Vilnius press.The analysis proved that inflection reflected in Kurier Wileński bears traits of regional variety of language. The situation observed in the examined newspaper is similar to the situation appearing in almost all post-war Vilnius press, however there are a few significant differences. Later Vilnius press was more saturated with inflectional originalities than the post-war Kurier Wileński and contained more variety of peculiar forms. Północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne w polszczyźnie „Kuriera Wileńskiego” w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym Artykuł przedstawia północnokresowe cechy fleksyjne, funkcjonujące w języku polskim gazety codziennej wydawanej na Wileńszczyźnie w okresie międzywojennym. Specyficzne fakty językowe z zakresu fleksji, niezgodne z normą ogólnopolską, obowiązującą w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, wyekscerpowano z „Kuriera Wileńskiego” (dalej KW) z lat 1924–1939.W analizowanym czasopiśmie wystąpiło 21 swoistych zjawisk, zaliczanych przez badaczy wcześniejszych okresów do charakterystycznych właściwości fleksji kresowej.Frekwencja tekstowa form osobliwych była zróżnicowana. Dużą częstością wystąpień odznaczało się zaledwie 6 zjawisk: zmiany liczby (np. oklask), osobliwe końcówki dopełniacza lp. (np. krzaku, gabineta), końcówka -a w mianowniku lm. (np. fakta), postać enklityczna mię, pomijanie zwrotnego się (np. wymknąć), formy czasowników z zaimkiem zwrotnym „się” w funkcji strony biernej (np. Wydają się obiady). Innowacyjne są tu tylko zmiany liczby oraz czasowniki bez ogólnopolskiego się. Pozostałe cechy w badanym okresie były w ogólnej polszczyźnie recesywne. Wszystkie wymienione tu zjawiska występowały często (zazwyczaj częściej niż w analizowanym czasopiśmie) w powojennej prasie wileńskiej.Analiza wykazała, że fleksja odzwierciedlona w KW nosi pewne piętno regionalności. Stan zaobserwowany w badanej gazecie jest zbliżony do sytuacji stwierdzonej w wydawanej tuż po II wojnie światowej „Prawdzie Wileńskiej”, zarysowują się jednak znamienne różnice. Późniejsza prasa wileńska była znacznie bardziej nasycona osobliwościami fleksyjnymi niż międzywojenny KW. Odzwierciedliła się w niej znacznie większa rozmaitość form osobliwych.

scholarly journals „Queer podniky“ v Brně

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Ondřej Šerý ◽  
Michal Pitoňák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Post War

Brno, Czech Republic is amongst the most liberal of cities and yet, but few know that in Brno as early as during the interwar period there were unique spaces dedicated to sexual diversity, various gay and lesbian initiatives came into existence, and that the first post-war semi-official / semilegal Czech gay business was opened here. Also, Brno hosted the first big Czech “queer march”, and the most significant Czech queer film festival was born there. This article aims to examine whether and, if so how, this diversity is mirrored in Brno’s “queer venues”, which we have contextualized within the broader perspective of geographies of sexualities, using semi-structured interviews. Our goal was to understand the locally-specific forms of socio-spatial organization and how they influence local non-heterosexual people, including their effects on sexual orientation and/or sexual identities in everyday negotiations. Our main findings include the identification of the characteristic features of Brno “queer enterprises”, the elucidation of their relative spatial concentration, and the physical and visual unobtrusiveness associated with the degree of use of “queer symbolism”. Our findings clarify the specific homonormative, and to a certain extent heteronormative, settings of local queer venues, which in the context of gay commodification significantly influence not only the form and degree of acceptance of non-heterosexual people in Brno, but also their mutual relationships, the possibilities of self-realization and new forms of exclusion. Even though we cannot find a “gay neighbourhood” in Brno, we can speak of a “queer-friendly city”. 

scholarly journals Rusycyzmy w „Kurierze Wileńskim” (1925–1939)

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Joanna Joachimiak-Prażanowska
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Wide Group

Russicisms in „Kurier Wileński” (1925–1939)The article occurs to be the analysis of Russicisms excerpted from “Kurier Wileński”, a common known newspaper addressed to a wide group of Polish people residing in Vilnius. The daily newspaper was one of the longest revealing Polish papers at the Vilnius Region. It was also edited during the whole two decades of interwar. The gathered lexical phenomenon of the years 1925–1939 became confronted with the Polish and Russian resources of definition and translation dictionaries. As the comparative source one used also the etymological dictionaries and language guides.The author has noted 100 borrowings from Russian language. There were 36 lexemes in ethnic Polish language of the annexed territory period, 11 units (bojar, lejtenant, podniesienie, spotkać, tarakan, tuziemiec, uradnik, uriadnik, wojłok, wypisać, żulik) functioned in Polish used in the Northern Borderland in twenty-year interwar period, 31 words were registered in the afterwar Vilnian Polish language. In the 20s the editors of the examined paper introduced in inverted commas several Russicisms, indicating that they know their peculiarity. In the 30s in “Kurier Wileński” one found many more such units. The editors more and more often distanced themselves from the regional lexis, which may indicate the growth of their language conciousness resulting from the contacts with the Polish language with the centre, as well as, the local care of language clarity and correctness. One may deduct that, as the years went by, the language of “Kurier Wileński” editors was becoming, though very slowly, purified of regional borrowings. Русские заимствования в газете „Kurier Wileński” (1925–1939)В статье проведен анализ заимствований из русского языка, появившихся в газете „Kurier Wileński”, предназначенной широкому кругу читателей – поляков, проживающих в Вильнюсе. Эта газета отличалась самым длительным существованием среди других изданий прессы. Она издавалась почти весь двадцатилетний междувоенный период.Собранный лексический материал (1925–1939 годов) сопоставлен с польскими и русскими описательными словарями. Для сравнения использовались также этнологические словари и языковедческие справочники.Автор статьи выделил 100 заимствований из русского языка. Из них 36 лексем употреблялось в польском языке периода раздела на территории этнической Польши. 11 единиц (bojar, lejtnant, podniesienie, spotkać, tarakan, tuziemiec, uradnik, wojłok, wypisać, żulik) употреблялось в междувоенное двадцатилетие на северо-востоке страны (виленщина), 31 слов отмечено в послевоенном виленском польском языке. В тридцатые годы редакторы исследованной газеты несколько десятков русских заимствований записали в кавычках, чем подчеркивали, что они осознают характер данных слов. В сороковые годы в газете появилось еще больше таких единиц, а это обозначает, что редакторы избегали употпебления диалектной лексики, что, в свою очередь свилетельствует о повышении их языкового сознания, благодяря контактам с языком центра страны, а также о заботе о безупречности языка.Можно утверждать, что язык редакторов газеты „Kurier Wileński” медленно, но и постепенно очищался от местных нелитературных единиц.

Historia leksemu "badylarz" (na marginesie prac nad "Wielkim słownikiem języka polskiego PAN")

Język Polski ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jakub Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article explores the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the lexical unit "badylarz" (‘vegetable gardener’). The author challenges the generally accepted opinions about its history, making use of data from dictionaries, digital libraries and corpora of the Polish language. It is commonly believed that the word came into existence during the PRL era and belonged to the typical elements of the discourse of communist propaganda. An analysis of the collected data showed that the word "badylarz" existed as far back as the second half of the 19th century. Originally, it was a neutral lexeme, but in the interwar period it became one of the offensive names of class enemies, often used in left-wing newspapers. After the war, negative connotations of the word were disseminated through literature and popular culture. Nowadays, "badylarz" functions as the lexical exponent of cultural memory of communist times.

Party and Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The book integrates philosophical, historical, and empirical analyses in order to highlight the profound roots of the limited legitimation of parties in contemporary society. Political parties’ long attempts to gain legitimacy are analysed from a philosophical–historical perspective pinpointing crucial passages in their theoretical and empirical acceptance. The book illustrates the process through which parties first emerged and then achieved full legitimacy in the early twentieth century. It shows how, paradoxically, their role became absolute in the totalitarian regimes of the interwar period when the party became hyper-powerful. In the post-war period, parties shifted from a golden age of positive reception and organizational development towards a more difficult relationship with society as it moved into post-industrialism. Parties were unable to master societal change and favoured the state to recover resources they were no longer able to extract from their constituencies. Parties have become richer and more powerful, but they have ‘paid’ for their pervasive presence in society and the state with a declining legitimacy. The party today is caught in a dramatic contradiction. It has become a sort of Leviathan with clay feet: very powerful thanks to the resources it gets from the state and to its control of societal and state spheres due to an extension of clientelistic and patronage practices; but very weak in terms of legitimacy and confidence in the eyes of the mass public. However, it is argued that there is still no alternative to the party, and some hypotheses to enhance party democracy are advanced.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Post-War Community Relations between Buddhists and Muslims in Sri Lanka: A Muslim’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sunawari Long ◽  
Khaidzir Hj. Ismail ◽  
Kamarudin Salleh ◽  
Saadiah Kumin ◽  
Halizah Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Post War ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Community Relationship

Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious country comprising four of the world’s major religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. Buddhists are the predominant ethnic group, constituting 70.19% of the total population, while Muslims make up the second largest minority in the country. There are many records in the history to prove well the cordial relationship between Buddhists and Muslims in Sri Lanka. However, in the past couple of years, particularly during the aftermath of the civil war, tension may be observed in the relationship between these two religious groups. This is due to a campaign undertaken by a several Buddhist nationalist groups whose intensions are to create a division among these respective societies. These groups have been carrying protests against Muslim social, cultural and religious aspects, including issuing Halal certification, slaughtering of cattle, conducting prayer services, etc. Moreover, they have disseminated misinterpretations about Muslims and Islam with derogatory speeches among the Buddhist public, for the purpose of accomplishing above division. Given the above backdrop, this paper attempts to determine the post-war relationship between Muslims and Buddhists in the country, including major interrupting factors, through analyzing Muslims’ point of views. According to the results, there is no remarkable fluctuation in the relationships between Muslims and Buddhists, and Muslims have posited that there are several social, cultural and religious practices them that act as significant barriers to maintaining a better community relationship with Buddhists, such as slaughtering of cattle for meals. Therefore, almost all of the Muslims have been demanding proper guidelines regarding the slaughtering of cattle, the Niqabs (face cover of Muslim women), and other factors related to interrupting a better interaction with the Buddhists for better cordiality, within the context of Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of the Art Market to Price Volatility

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Calendar Effects ◽  
Post War ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
Market Indexes ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the article: The art market becomes very popular among investors, when there is strong turbulence on the stock market. In times of calm, the art market is used by investors to diversify risk and build more efficient investment portfolios according to the Markovitz’s theory. The aim of this paper is to: (i) present the peculiarity of investment on the art market, represented by art market indexes in comparison to traditional investments in other financial market segments (money market, equity indexes and commodity market), (ii) to verify the hypothesis of normality of the distribution of rates of return of the analyzed art market indices as well as (iii) to analyze calendar effects occurrence on the art market.Methodology: Comparison of rates of return on the stock, bond, commodity and money markets with rates on the art market in four different time intervals. For each of the analyzed periods, an income-risk map was presented, taking into account the spectrum of financial instruments, including six art indexes: Old Masters, 19th Century, Modern art, Post War art, Contemporary art and Global art. The hypothesis of normality of the distribution of rates of return of the art market indices for four analyzed periods was verified with the use of Jarque-Bera test.Results of the research: Comparison of rates of return on the stock market and art market leads to the conclusion that their relationship depends on the period chosen. For two of the analyzed periods, the rates of return on the stock market were higher than on the art market, but for others periods, the opposite. The distribution of quarterly rates of return resulted to be a normal distribution for almost all of analyzed indices and time periods. Calendar effects were observed in the case of four analyzed indexes.

scholarly journals Pomiędzy. Dwie ojczyzny w pismach dla polskojęzycznych dzieci żydowskich w II Rzeczypospolitej

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Landau-Czajka
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Jewish Children ◽  
Educational Ideals ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Better Than

In Between. Two Home Countries in the Polish Language Press for Jewish Children in the Second Polish RepublicIn the interwar period in Poland the big Polish-language Jewish journals (Chwila, Nowy Dziennik and Nasz Przegląd) published supplements for children. Two of them (Chwilka and Dzienniczek dla Dzieci i Młodzieży [Diary for children and young people]) were typical magazines for children. The third, the Mały Przegląd [Little review], led initially by Janusz Korczak, became the tribune of its youngest readers. Its content was composed of letters, reports and interviews by young correspondents. All these magazines were directed to children of the accultured Jews, readers of Polish-language Zionist press. It would seem, therefore, that their educational ideals should be similar.How were the patriotic values shown to the Jewish children from the acculturated Zionist families, familiar with Polish culture better than average Jewish children, but raised in cult of Palestine and the return to Eretz? What should be told to the children, if they were to be educated as good patriots? And patriots of what country? How to explain Palestinian patriotism to children who have never seen their country, lived in Poland and spoke Polish? And at the same time – how to explain the Polish patriotism to children who live in a country with a constantly growing anti-Semitism, of which they are only the marginalized, second-class citizens. As a result, the two dailies, almost identical in their views, have supplements presenting a surprisingly different approach to patriotism. The article was based on an analysis of all vintages of Dzienniczek and Mały Przegląd. Pomiędzy. Dwie ojczyzny w pismach dla polskojęzycznych dzieci żydowskich w II RzeczypospolitejW okresie międzywojennym wielkie polskojęzyczne dzienniki żydowskie – „Chwila”, „Nowy Dziennik” i „Nasz Przegląd” wydawały dodatki dla dzieci. Dwa pierwsze, „Chwilka” i „Dzienniczek dla Dzieci i Młodzieży”, były to zwykłe, konwencjonalne pisemka dla dzieci, „Mały Przegląd” kierowany początkowo przez Janusza Korczaka, stał się trybuną swoich najmłodszych czytelników, a jego treść złożona była z listów, reportaży i wywiadów młodych korespondentów. Wszystkie pisemka kierowane były do dzieci akulturowanych Żydów, czytelników polskojęzycznej syjonistycznej prasy. Wydawało by się zatem, że ideały wychowawcze powinny być zbliżone.Jak dzieciom żydowskich z rodzin akulturowanych i syjonistycznych – a więc zarazem znających polską kulturę lepiej niż przeciętne żydowskie dzieci, ale wychowywanych w kulcie Palestyny i powrotu do Erec, ukazywano wartości patriotyczne? Cóż zatem należało mówić dzieciom, jeśli chciało się je wychować na dobrych patriotów? I jakiego kraju patriotów? Jak wytłumaczyć palestyński patriotyzm dzieciom, które nigdy swojego kraju nie widziały, żyły w Polsce, mówiły po polsku? I jednocześnie – jak wytłumaczyć polski patriotyzm dzieciom, które mieszkają w kraju o stale rosnącym antysemityzmie, którego są obywatelami, ale obywatelami drugiej kategorii, spychanymi na margines? W rezultacie dwa pisma wyrastające z dwóch niemal identycznych w poglądach dzienników prezentowały zaskakująco różne podejście do patriotyzmu. Artykuł oparty został na analizie wszystkich roczników „Dzienniczka” i „Małego Przeglądu”.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Nature and Duration of Abdominal Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
O. P. Babkina ◽  
◽  
S. I. Danylchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the study was to study a complex of changes in ultrasound parameters of injured tissues of the liver, spleen, pancreas in mechanical trauma and their dependence on the nature and duration of injury. Materials and methods. Ultrasound examinations were performed in 60 injured patients (41 males and 19 females) aged 20 to 60 years old in the dynamics as for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days after injury. Puncture, transverse and oblique scans from all possible accesses were used. The conditions of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys were studied. Results and discussion. In the course of the studies, a high number of injuries to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was demonstrated; it was proved that isolated liver injuries were observed in 32%, in 68% the liver injury was combined with injuries of other abdominal organs. We observed isolated damage to the pancreas in 10%, in the remaining 90%, the injury to the pancreas was combined with damage to the liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, spleen, and intestines. Isolated injuries of the spleen were observed in 31% of patients; in other cases, the injury to the spleen was combined with injuries of other organs of the abdominal cavity. We observed isolated kidney damage in almost 15%. In 85% of cases, kidney damage was observed in combination with injuries of other parenchymal organs. It has been demonstrated that in the area of injured tissues of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys with blunt trauma to the abdomen in persons with no signs of alcohol intoxication, regular ultrasound changes are observed, which are in direct proportion to the time elapsed since the injury was caused. The main ultrasound signs of liver damage were ruptures of the parenchyma with the formation of intra-parenchymal or subcapsular hematomas. In general, for almost all the injured people the following sings were characteristic as an increase in liver size (often due to increased part of damage), heterogeneity of structure, blurred contours and their discontinuity, presence of hypo- and anechoic areas (hematomas) on the background of intact parenchyma. Characteristic ultrasound criteria of pancreatic damage in the first day are the lack of clear contours of the gland, their discontinuity, increase in the size of the gland, the presence of hypoechoic areas of different sizes. At ultrasound examination of the spleen, the main signs of its damage are the heterogeneity of the parenchyma and the presence of anechoic structure and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. In 69% of cases, the main sings were blurred and uneven contours of the spleen, as well as an increase in its size. Characteristic features of renal hematoma are an increase in their size, heterogeneity of structure with increasing echogenicity of the parenchyma, blurred contours and their discontinuity. Conclusion. It has been proven that it is advisable to use in a complex of changes in the parenchymal organs revealed by ultrasound examinations, both in cases of isolated organ trauma, and in cases of combined trauma of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal organs, to determine the time of causing damage, since it makes it possible to increase the objectivity of the results of establishing the duration of the injury

Characteristic of basic tools of mobile learning in informatics

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
I. V. Izhdeneva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Educational Potential

The article actualizes the possibilities of mobile learning based on the use of mobile devices and technologies available to almost all students. Various approaches to the definition of the concept of "mobile learning" are analyzed, including techno-centric and information-centric approaches. The concept of mobility as one of the attributes of learning tools is revealed. The importance of mobile learning in the current difficult situation of distance learning during the pandemic is substantiated. The characteristic features of mobile learning are highlighted, affecting its main functions, learning tools and independence from the time and place of learning. Possible directions for the implementation of mobile learning are characterized, from simple transfer of educational content to compliance with basic educational theories. From the point of view of the functioning and directions of development of mobile learning, its basic principles in teaching informatics are formulated. The types of students' activities are briefly characterized; some advantages of mobile learning are highlighted and its features as visualization, interactivity, efficiency of use in teaching children with disabilities are characterized. Some popular educational apps for mobile devices are considered, their characteristics are given, and their educational potential is revealed. Examples of mobile applications are given, the use of which in informatics lessons will help to activate the educational and cognitive activity of students and stimulate them to engage in informatics, coding and robotics.

Defective Paradigms of Reflexive Nouns and Participles in Latvian

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Kalnača ◽  
Ilze Lokmane
Keyword(s):  
Word Form ◽  
Reflexive Pronoun ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Reflexive Verbs

This chapter discusses the defective paradigms of the reflexive nouns and participles in the Latvian language. In Latvian, the reflexiveness of the nouns and the verbs functions as a complex derivational and inflectional system. In this language, the reflexive verbs, participles, and nouns are formed through the fusion of verbal or noun forms with enclitic accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Reflexive verbs have full person, tense and mood paradigms whilst reflexive nouns and participles have defective paradigms in Latvian. Although the rationale behind defectiveness of the paradigms of the reflexive nouns and participles are difficult to pinpoint, there are several types of compensation for the defectiveness in the Modern Latvian. These include the use of non-standard forms, the use of corresponding non-reflexive participle and noun forms, and the use of other forms of paradigms in lieu of the missing ones. These alternative paradigms depend however on the syntactic function of the word-form. Some topics discussed herein include: derivation and semantics of reflexive nouns; paradigmatic system of reflexive nouns and participles; and functioning of the paradigms of reflexive nouns and participles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document