Improvement of Figure of Merit Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Zn,Ni,Nb)O3–Pb(In,Nb)O3 Piezoelectric Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1978-1983
Author(s):  
Bo Su Kim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Ji ◽  
Masao Kamiko ◽  
Seong Jin Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyuk Koh
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Charge

Figure of merit the product of piezoelectric charge constant and the piezoelectric voltage constant—d33 × g33 in piezoelectric energy harvesting systems are critical measures in energy harvester applications. It is difficult to achieve high figure of merit because of the interdependence of d33 and the relative dielectric constant, εr. Until now, the prohibitive amount of effort required to solve this problem has led to it being considered an unsolvable issue. Lead zirconate titanate ceramic, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, has been reported to exhibit high values of d33 and εr. However, to be employed as piezoelectric energy harvester, a candidate material is required to exhibit both high piezoelectric charge coefficient and high piezoelectric electric voltage coefficient simultaneously. To enhance the figure of merit of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based materials, dopants have also been considered. Pb(Zn,Ni,Nb)O3- added Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Zn,Ni,Nb)O3 ceramic has been reported to exhibit a high d33 value of 561 pC/N. It's dielectric constant has also been reported to be low at 1898. In this study, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3–Pb(Zn,Ni,Nb)O3–Pb(In,Nb)O3 was investigated in the context of enhancing the figure of merit of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based materials. During the proposed process, we increased the corresponding figure of merit by adding Pb(In,Nb)O3 material. Besides exhibiting a low dielectric constant, the Pb(In,Nb)O3 material was also observed to exhibit high d33 × g33 as the proposed doping increased the value of d33 greatly, while maintaining the dielectric constant (Yan, J., et al., 2019. Large engancement of trans coefficient in PZT-PZN energy harvesting system through introducing low εrPIN relaxor. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 39, pp.2666–2672). Further, we conducted an optimization experiment by controlling the doping concentration and the sintering temperature.

scholarly journals Power-Generation Optimization Based on Piezoelectric Ceramic Deformation for Energy Harvesting Application with Renewable Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Hyeonsu Han ◽  
Junghyuk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Along with the increase in renewable energy, research on energy harvesting combined with piezoelectric energy is being conducted. However, it is difficult to predict the power generation of combined harvesting because there is no data on the power generation by a single piezoelectric material. Before predicting the corresponding power generation and efficiency, it is necessary to quantify the power generation by a single piezoelectric material alone. In this study, the generated power is measured based on three parameters (size of the piezoelectric ceramic, depth of compression, and speed of compression) that contribute to the deformation of a single PZT (Lead zirconate titanate)-based piezoelectric element. The generated power was analyzed by comparing with the corresponding parameters. The analysis results are as follows: (i) considering the difference between the size of the piezoelectric ceramic and the generated power, 20 mm was the most efficient piezoelectric ceramic size, (ii) considering the case of piezoelectric ceramics sized 14 mm, the generated power continued to increase with the increase in the compression depth of the piezoelectric ceramic, and (iii) For piezoelectric ceramics of all diameters, the longer the depth of deformation, the shorter the frequency, and depending on the depth of deformation, there is a specific frequency at which the charging power is maximum. Based on the findings of this study, PZT-based elements can be applied to cases that receive indirect force, including vibration energy and wave energy. In addition, the power generation of a PZT-based element can be predicted, and efficient conditions can be set for maximum power generation.

An experimental study on piezoelectric energy harvesting from wind and ambient structural vibrations for wireless structural health monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveet Kaur ◽  
Dasari Mahesh ◽  
Sreenitya Singamsetty
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Zirconate Titanate

Energy harvesting is an emerging technology holding promise of sustainability amid the alarming rate at which the human community is depleting the natural resources to cater its needs. There are several ways of harvesting energy in a renewable fashion such as through solar, wind, hydro-electric, geothermal, and artificial photosynthesis. This study focuses on energy harvesting from wind vibrations and ambient structural vibrations (such as from rail and road bridges) through piezo transducers using the direct piezoelectric effect. First, the potential of the piezoelectric energy harvesting from ambient wind vibrations has been investigated and presented here. Lead zirconate titanate patches have been attached at the fixed end of aluminum rectangular and trapezoidal cantilevers, which have been exposed to varying wind velocity in a lab-size wind tunnel. The effect of perforations and twisting (distortion) on the power generated by the patches under varying wind velocity has also been studied. It has been observed that the power is comparatively higher in rectangular-shaped cantilever than the trapezoidal one. Perforations and shape distortion showed promising result in terms of higher yield. The laboratory experiments have also been extended to the real-life field condition to measure the actual power generated by the lead zirconate titanate patches under the ambient wind vibrations. Next, energy harvesting from the ambient structural vibrations has been done both experimentally and numerically. Four different prototypes have been considered. The power has been measured across the lead zirconate titanate patches individually and in parallel combination. A maximum power output for Prototype 1 to Prototype 4 has been found to be 4.3428, 11.844, 25.97, and 43.12 µW, respectively. Numerical study has also been carried out in ANSYS 14.5 to perform the parametric study to examine the effect of addition of mass at the free end of cantilever. In a nutshell, this article provides a comprehensive study on the effect of various factors on the amount of energy generated by piezoelectric patches under wind and structural vibrations. The energy generated is sufficient for driving low-power-consuming electronics that can further be used for other applications like wireless structural health monitoring, and so on.

Tunable Energy Harvesting From Ambient Vibrations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rhimi ◽  
Nizar Lajnef
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Energy Scavenging ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Most civil structures have a low vibration response frequency range, generally one to two orders of magnitude lower than the operating frequency spectrum of most piezoelectric energy scavenging devices, which is dictated by the device’s design and the used materials. This considerably limits the levels of harvestable power under ambient vibrations. In this paper, the improvement of the energy harvesting characteristics of a bimorph cantilever lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric beam through the application of initial pre-stress loading conditions is studied. A generalized model that can take into account all the vibration modes of the beam as well as the back coupling effect is derived using the Hamiltonian principle. The model describes the effect of the pre-stress parameters on the harvestable energy levels. Results showing the variations of the natural frequency, amplitude, and efficiency of the piezoelectric device with varying preload are presented. Vibration recordings from a bridge under ambient loading are used to show variations of the harvested power with different pre-stress conditions. Increases of up to 250% in the output power levels are shown possible through the application of 8N of compressive axial loading for a system with a 15g vibrating mass. Experimental verification of the model is also performed. The time and frequency domain responses of a piezoelectric bimorph are measured and compared to theoretical results.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Macro Fiber Composites and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Discs for an Energy Harvesting Floor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz ◽  
Gabriel Zamacola Alcalde ◽  
Fausto Pedro García Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Pressure Cycle ◽  
Low Consumption

The main drawback in many electronic devices is the duration of their batteries. Energy harvesting provides a solution for these low-consumption devices. Piezoelectric energy harvesting use is growing because it collects small amounts of clean energy and transforms it to electricity. Synthetic piezoelectric materials are a feasible alternative to generate energy for low consumption systems. In addition to the energy generation, each pressure cycle in the piezoelectric material can provide information for the device, for example, counting the passage of people. The main contribution of this work is to study, build, and test a low-cost energy harvesting floor using piezoelectric transducers to estimate the amount of energy that could be produced for a connected device. Several piezoelectric transducers have been employed and analyzed, providing accurate results.

scholarly journals Soft and Hard Piezoelectric Ceramics for Vibration Energy Harvesting

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Yan ◽  
Mupeng Zheng ◽  
Mankang Zhu ◽  
Yudong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester

The question as to which piezoelectric composition is favorable for energy harvesting has been addressed in the past few years. However, discussion on this topic continues. In this work, an answer is provided through a feasible method which can be used in selecting piezoelectric material. The energy harvesting behavior of hard (P4 and P8) and soft (P5 and P5H) lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics was investigated. The results show that the maximum piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33 and transduction coefficient d33 × g33 were obtained in P5 ceramic. Meanwhile, the power generation characteristics at low frequencies were compared by the vibration energy harvester with a cantilever beam structure. The results indicate that the energy harvester fabricated by the P5 ceramic with the maximum d33 × g33 values also demonstrated the best power generation characteristics. The results unambiguously demonstrate that the power density and energy conversion efficiency of the energy harvesting devices are dominated by the d33 × g33 value of the piezoelectric materials.

Performance of lead-free piezoelectric materials in cantilever-based energy harvesting devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuruddh Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Vishal S. Chauhan ◽  
Rahul Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Energy harvesting is one of the emerging applications of piezoelectric materials. In order to replace conventional lead-based materials with lead-free materials, it is important to evaluate their performance for such applications. In the present study, finite element method-based simulation shows mean power density produced from ( K 0.475 Na 0.475 Li 0.05)( Nb 0.92 Ta 0.05 Sb 0.03) O 3 add with 0.4 wt.% CeO 2 and 0.4 wt.% MnO 2 (KNLNTS) bimorph is 96.64% of lead zirconate titanate ( Pb [ Zr x Ti 1-x] O 3) (PZT) ceramics. Load resistance (R), length of proof mass (Lm) and thickness of host layer (th) are optimized (using genetic algorithm) for maximum power density and tuning the operating frequency range which is near to natural frequency of the structure. The lead-free piezoelectric material KNLNTS has comparable results to that of PZT for piezoelectric energy harvester in the ambient frequency range of 90 Hz to 110 Hz. Results show that KNLNTS ceramics can be potentially used in energy harvesting devices.

Modeling and Analysis the Effect of PZT Area on Square Shaped Substrate for Power Enhancement in MEMS Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1750128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Montazer ◽  
Utpal Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Array Structure

Modeling and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric (PZT-Lead Zirconate Titanate) unimorph cantilever with different substrates are presented in this paper. Stainless steel and Silicon [Formula: see text] are considered as substrate. The design is intended for energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. The cantilever model is based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The generated voltage and power, the current density, resonance frequencies and tip displacement for different geometry (single layer and array structure) have been analyzed using finite element method. Variation of output power and resonant frequency for array structure with array elements connected in parallel have been studied. Strain distribution is studied for external vibrations with different frequencies. The geometry of the piezoelectric layer as well as the substrate has been optimized for maximum power output. The variation of generated power output with frequency and load has also been presented. Finally, several models are introduced and compared with traditional array MEMS energy harvester.

Multilayer Lead Zirconate Titanate and Barium Titanate Ferroelectric Capacitors

1996 ◽  
Vol 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. Chang ◽  
W.A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Effective Dielectric Constant

AbstractFerroelectric PbZrxT1−xO3 (PZT) thin films have been deposited on Pt coated Si substrates by if magnetron sputtering. The optimized processing condition to obtain proper stoichiometric PZT, the desired ferroelectric perovskite phase, and better dielectric properties was demonstrated using a PZT target with Pb(Zr+Ti) ratio of 1.2 and depositing at 350°C, followed by thermal treatment at 620°C for 30 min. The structural and electrical properties of the PZT layer were further improved by fabricating a novel multilayer structure which combined the PZT with the nanolayer BaTiO3. The leakage current density was reduced from 2×10−7 A/cm2 for the single layer structure to 2×10−9 A/cm2 for the multilayer structure at a field of 4×105 V/cm, while maintaining a high relative effective dielectric constant of 442. The relative dielectric constant of the PZT film in the multilayer structure was calculated to be about 880.

PZT Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Enhancement Using Slotted Aluminium Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 932-936
Author(s):  
Mun Heng Lam ◽  
Hanim Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents work on improving piezoelectric energy harvesters. Harvesting energy from vibrations has received massive attention due to it being a renewable energy source that has a wide range of applications. Over the years of development, there is always research to further improve and optimise piezoelectric energy harvesters. For this paper, the piezoelectric specimen is made of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate), brass reinforced and has 31.8mm length, 12.7mm width and 0.511mm thick. An external beam is implemented to provide deflection amplification which in turn increases the output of the energy harvester. Depending on the configuration of the external beam, it can amplify output voltage from 100% to 300%.

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