The Rise of Mixed Parentage: A Sociological and Demographic Phenomenon to Be Reckoned With

2018 ◽  
Vol 677 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Brenden Beck ◽  
Duygu Basaran Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
Social Affiliations ◽  
Mixed Family ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
Black Parent

Ethno-racially mixed parentage is rising in frequency, creating a strong challenge to both census classification schemes and, indeed, to common conceptions of ethnicity and race. Majority (white) and minority (nonwhite or Hispanic) parentage predominates among individuals with mixed-family backgrounds. Yet in public presentations of census data and population projections, individuals with mixed backgrounds are generally classified as nonwhite. We analyze 2013 American Community Survey data and summarize the results of important studies to argue that individuals from mixed majority-minority backgrounds resemble whites more than they do minorities in terms of some key social characteristics and experiences, such as where they grow up and their social affiliations as adults. Those with a black parent are an important exception. An implication of this analysis is that census classification practices for mixed individuals risk distorting conceptions of the current population, especially its youthful portion, and promoting misunderstandings of ethno-racial change.

scholarly journals Population projections for all U.S. counties by age, sex, and race controlled to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cohort Change

Small area and subnational population projections are important for understanding long-term demographic changes. I provide county-level population projections by age, sex, and race in five-year intervals for the period 2015-2100 for all U.S. counties. Using historic U.S. census data in temporally rectified county boundaries and race groups for the period 1990-2015, I calculate cohort-change ratios (CCRs) and cohort-change differences (CCDs) for eighteen five-year age groups (0-85+), two sex groups (Male and Female), and four race groups (White NH, Black NH, Other NH, Hispanic) for all U.S counties. I then project these CCRs/CCDs using ARIMA models as inputs into Leslie matrix population projection models and control the projections to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. I validate the methods using ex-post facto evaluations using data from 1969-2000 to project 2000-2015. My results are reasonably accurate for this period. These data have numerous potential uses and can serve as inputs for addressing questions involving sub-national demographic change in the United States.

Crime and Neighborhood Change in the Nation’s Capital: From Disinvestment to Gentrification

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110053
Author(s):  
Tanya Golash-Boza ◽  
Hyunsu Oh
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Black People ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Relationship

Research on crime and neighborhood racial composition establishes that Black neighborhoods with high levels of violent crime will experience an increase in Black residents and concentrated disadvantage—due to the constrained housing choices Black people face. Some studies on the relationship between gentrification and crime, however, show that high-crime neighborhoods can experience reinvestment as well as displacement of Black residents. In Washington, DC, we have seen both trends—concentration of poverty and segregation as well as racial turnover and reinvestment. We employ a spatial analysis using a merged data set including crime data, Census data, and American Community Survey (ACS) data to analyze the relationship between crime and neighborhood change at the Census tract level. Our findings demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between periods of neighborhood decline and ascent, between the effects of property and violent crime, and between racial change and socioeconomic change.

Bureaucratic Response to Citizen-Initiated Contacts: Environmental Enforcement in Detroit

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Jones ◽  
Saadia R. Greenberg ◽  
Clifford Kaufman ◽  
Joseph Drew
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Environmental Enforcement ◽  
Bureaucratic Response ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Service Need

When citizens contact local government agencies, they generally attempt to influence service delivery decisions made by these bureaucracies. This paper examines the nature of citizen contacts, and the results of such contacts, with respect to the enforcement of environmental ordinances in Detroit, Michigan. We first examine the mechanisms responsible for the generation of citizen contacts. Assuming relations among citizen awareness, service need, and social well-being, we derive a downward-opening parabola as appropriate for describing the relationship between social well-being and propensity to contact a service agency. Using data on citizen contacts from City of Detroit agencies merged with census data, we find the expected relationship in evidence. We find that the Environmental Enforcement Division generally responds to citizen contacts, but the quality of the response varies with social characteristics of neighborhoods.

Explaining Sociospatial Patterns in South East Queensland, Australia: Social Homophily versus Structural Homophily

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2201-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod McCrea
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Physical Attributes

Model simulations of residential segregation have shown that even modest levels of social homophily (or wishing to live near residents with similar social characteristics) gives rise to distinct spatial patterns of residential segregation. However, this proposition has been contested where social homophily is modest. This paper contrasts two explanations for urban sociospatial patterns (socioeconomic and demographic spatial patterns) in a region where social homophily is modest-South East Queensland (SEQ). The research question is whether sociospatial patterns are better explained by social homophily or by structural homophily. In other words, are they better explained by residents wishing to live in neighborhoods with similar people (social homophily), or by residents with similar social characteristics finding similar neighborhood physical attributes important, and thus moving to neighborhoods with similar people (structural homophily). SEQ residents were asked how important various reasons were in choosing their neighborhood. The survey data were linked to neighborhood social characteristics from census data with the aid of geographic information systems. Six neighborhood social characteristics in SEQ were investigated. Social homophily explained a small, though statistically significant, level of spatial variation in socioeconomic and ethnic (non-Western) environments. However, it did not explain any variation in the other four neighborhood social characteristics which related to household structure: that is, younger nonnuclear household environments; nuclear family environments; and older nonnuclear household environments, or disadvantaged environments. Moreover, structural homophily explained much more variation than did social homophily in all six neighborhood social characteristics. In regions such as SEQ, spatial patterns can largely be explained by structural homophily. Thus, modest levels of social homophily are not necessarily important in explaining sociospatial patterning.

scholarly journals Analyzing Ethnocentric Immigration through the Case of Hungary – Demographic Effects of Immigration from Neighboring Countries to Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Márton Péti ◽  
Laura Szabó ◽  
Csilla Obádovics ◽  
Balázs Szabó ◽  
Dávid Csécsi
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Research Questions

Specific ethnocentric international migration processes can be observed in Hungary: a significant proportion of immigrants are of Hungarian ethnic background and come from neighboring countries. Similar processes can be observed between other kin-states and co-ethnic communities of Central and Eastern Europe, but this type of migration has not been studied intensively yet. The focus of the research is on the effects of this immigration on Hungarian society and the economy. Population projections were also carried out according to two research questions: “what would have happened if the immigrants had not arrived according to the processes that were experienced?” and “what will happen if the immigration process changes?” The research is based on the 2011 census data sets; the target group is the population born in neighboring countries that moved to Hungary after 1985. Results show that the ethnic Hungarian immigrant population has been a crucial human resource in Hungary. Without these immigrants, Hungary's demographic trends would also be less favorable. Moreover, in contrast to the situation typical of European immigrants, the socio-economic situation of the former is more favorable than of the host society. Potential decline of this immigration population could indeed be challenging.

Social Relationships of Students with Exceptionalities in Mainstream Classrooms: Social Networks and Homophily

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Farmer ◽  
Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
General Education ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Mainstream Classrooms ◽  
Social Affiliations ◽  
The Social

This study explored the social affiliations of students in three mainstream classrooms containing students receiving general education services, students characterized as academically gifted, students with learning disabilities, and students with emotional and behavioral disorders. The study provided an in-depth description of the classrooms' social networks, focusing on the social and demographic characteristics that distinguished clusters of students. Findings showed that students formed distinct peer clusters around shared characteristics; particular social characteristics were associated with a student's level of centrality in the classroom; and students with exceptionalities were well integrated into the classroom's social structure. Affiliations of students with exceptionalities suggest topics for future research.

scholarly journals Demographic Projections for India: Past, Present and Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.31) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
R Subba Rao ◽  
Y Jagannadhapuri ◽  
K M. Ganes ◽  
D V. Ramanamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
New Information ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Population

The growth or development of a country mainly depends on the present and future population scenario. Population projections help in the growth of the nation in various directions. Predicting the human fertility and mortality is very difficult, particularly when we are concentrating farther time. Various National, International and some individual demographers made projections for the entire nation and some parts of the country. The estimates of the population projections changes as and when new information added to the existing values. The perspective population growth and its impact were discussed by Visaria and Visaria, 1996 and noticed that population projections vary based on the parameters considered in their models. In our present work, by considering the 2001 India’s Census data, Registrar General (1996)[14], a new population projection of the country are estimated by allowing the age arrangement of the population. The mortality estimates of the whole country made by considering the impact of HIV / AIDS. Cohort component method was used for the projections from 2001 to 2051. Using the Sample Registration System (SRS) figures of 2001 census, state level figures are generated. Only two variants namely, average and high are used for making the population projections.  

scholarly journals Automated Census Population Projection and Data Management System

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-254
Author(s):  
Izakpa Getty Ebere ◽  
Ofualagba Mamuyovwi Helen ◽  
Ekhator Uyiosa Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Population census data has become more pervasive to lives which has demanded for increase in scope, completeness, accuracy and validity, and improve on their national value and international comparability. The accuracy of population projections has been attracting more attention, driven by concerns about the possible long-term effects of aging and other demographic trends. This paper therefore, attempt to improve on the manual way of managing census data by developing an automated census data management system. This system in addition, is capable of projecting population growth using exponential growth equation. The National Population Commission, Benin City was used as a case study.

scholarly journals Predicting neighborhood racial change in large US metropolitan areas, 1990–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ellis ◽  
Richard Wright ◽  
Lee Fiorio ◽  
Steven Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
White Majority

Neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas experienced dramatic changes in racial composition during the 1990s and again during the 2000s. We ask to what extent does the recent period of neighborhood racial change reflect an extension of the local processes operative in the 1990s, processes characteristic of large metropolitan areas or the nation more generally, or reflect new dynamics. After classifying neighborhoods in US metropolitan areas into different types based on their racial composition and having harmonized a set of tracts to consistent boundaries, we use metropolitan-scale tract transition matrices from the 1990s to predict changes in neighborhood racial mix between 2000 and 2010. To capture scale effects, we repeat this using a set of pooled metropolitan-scale tract transition matrices and again using a national tract transition matrix. We show that the main dynamic at work across the metropolitan system is the underprediction of moderately diverse white majority tracts: i.e., in the 2000s, the rate of increase in the racial diversity of white majority tracts that transitioned from being predominantly white to moderately diverse was much higher than expected based on 1990s trends. In some metropolitan areas, shares of moderately diverse white tracts in 2010 are anticipated by their 1990s neighborhood dynamics, suggesting temporal stability and a locational specificity in these processes. Others experience a temporal rupture in these dynamics, and their moderately diverse white tract share is better anticipated by pooling transition information. The study also invites us to think about the nature of residential change currently taking place that we can capture in 2020 census data.

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