scholarly journals Population projections for all U.S. counties by age, sex, and race controlled to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cohort Change

Small area and subnational population projections are important for understanding long-term demographic changes. I provide county-level population projections by age, sex, and race in five-year intervals for the period 2015-2100 for all U.S. counties. Using historic U.S. census data in temporally rectified county boundaries and race groups for the period 1990-2015, I calculate cohort-change ratios (CCRs) and cohort-change differences (CCDs) for eighteen five-year age groups (0-85+), two sex groups (Male and Female), and four race groups (White NH, Black NH, Other NH, Hispanic) for all U.S counties. I then project these CCRs/CCDs using ARIMA models as inputs into Leslie matrix population projection models and control the projections to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. I validate the methods using ex-post facto evaluations using data from 1969-2000 to project 2000-2015. My results are reasonably accurate for this period. These data have numerous potential uses and can serve as inputs for addressing questions involving sub-national demographic change in the United States.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110063
Author(s):  
Brian King ◽  
Ruchi Patel ◽  
Andrea Rishworth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.

The Labor Market Skills of Recent Male Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Survey

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Funkhouser ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Using Data

Using data from special supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), the authors track the education and hourly earnings of recent male immigrants to the United States. In terms of these measures of labor market skills, the CPS data suggest that immigrants who came in the late 1980s were more skilled than those who arrived earlier in the decade. This pattern represents a break from the steady decline in immigrant skill levels observed in 1940–80 Census data. Despite the encouraging trend over the 1980s, however, the average skills of recent immigrants remain low by historical standards.

scholarly journals Trends in incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of cerebral venous thrombosis in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. e2200-e2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadar Oliver Otite ◽  
Smit Patel ◽  
Richa Sharma ◽  
Pushti Khandwala ◽  
Devashish Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that race-, age-, and sex-specific incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has increased in the United States over the last decade.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, validated ICD codes were used to identify all new cases of CVT (n = 5,567) in the State Inpatients Databases (SIDs) of New York and Florida (2006–2016). A new CVT case was defined as first hospitalization for CVT in the SID without prior CVT hospitalization. CVT counts were combined with annual Census data to compute incidence. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate trends in incidence over time.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2016, annual age- and sex-standardized incidence of CVT in cases per 1 million population ranged from 13.9 to 20.2, but incidence varied significantly by sex (women 20.3–26.9, men 6.8–16.8) and by age/sex (women 18–44 years of age 24.0–32.6, men 18–44 years of age 5.3–12.8). Incidence also differed by race (Blacks: 18.6–27.2; Whites: 14.3–18.5; Asians: 5.1–13.8). On joinpoint regression, incidence increased across 2006 to 2016, but most of this increase was driven by an increase in all age groups of men (combined annualized percentage change [APC] 9.2%, p < 0.001), women 45 to 64 years of age (APC 7.8%, p < 0.001), and women ≥65 years of age (APC 7.4%, p < 0.001). Incidence in women 18 to 44 years of age remained unchanged over time.ConclusionCVT incidence is disproportionately higher in Blacks compared to other races. New CVT hospitalizations increased significantly over the last decade mainly in men and older women. Further studies are needed to determine whether this increase represents a true increase from changing risk factors or an artifactual increase from improved detection.

Women’s Fear of Crime and Abuse in College and University Dating Relationships

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine D. Kelly ◽  
Walter S. DeKeseredy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
College And University ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Abuse Of Women

Several government-sponsored victimization surveys have found women’s fear of crime to be much higher than that of men even though their probability of being victimized is much lower than men’s. On the basis of these results, several criminologists contend that women’s fear is subjectively based. However, government surveys have not adequately examined the consequences of the physical, sexual, and psychological abuse of women by male intimates. Feminist researchers contend that these assaults greatly contribute to a generalized fear of crime that is objectively based. Using data from a national survey on female abuse in Canadian college/university dating relationships, this study tested and failed to support the feminist hypothesis that violence by male intimates results in higher levels of fear. However, an examination of an ex post facto hypothesis assessing the relationship between fear in private places (the home) and abuse by male dating partners found positive correlations. Women who had been psychologically or sexually victimized by male dating partners felt more insecure in their own homes than other women. These increased feelings of fear were linked to experiences of sexual coercion, unwanted sexual touching, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse. The results suggest that women reassess their feelings of fear when victimized by male intimates. In particular, places generally viewed as safe by women, their own homes, are seen as more threatening than they had been in the past.

Interventions for Family Members Caring for an Elder with Dementia

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYLE J. ACTON ◽  
MARY A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Science Index ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

This chapter reviews 73 published and unpublished research reports of interventions for family members caring for an elder with dementia by nurse researchers and researchers from other disciplines. Reports were identified through searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Science Index, PsycINFO, ERIC, Social Work Abstracts, American Association of Retired Persons database, CRISP index of the National Institutes of Health, Cochrane Center database, and Dissertation Abstracts using the following search terms: care giver, care giving, dementia, Alzheimer’s, intervention study, evaluation study, experimental, and quasi-experimental design. Additional keywords were used to narrow or expand the search as necessary. All nursing research was included in the review and nonnursing research was included if published between 1991 and 2001. Studies were included if they used a design that included a treatment and control group or a one-group, pretest-posttest design (ex post facto designs were included if they used a comparison group). Key findings show that approximately 32% of the study outcomes (e.g., burden, depression, knowledge) were changed after intervention in the desired direction. In addition, several problematic issues were identified including small, diverse samples; lack of intervention specificity; diversity in the length, duration, and intensity of the intervention strategies; and problematic outcome measures.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SUPERVISI DAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA MADRASAH TERHADAP MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH SE-KECAMATAN GANTARANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Arifuddin Siraj ◽  
Muhammad Yaumi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Managerial Competence ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to describe supervision competence and managerial competence of the heads schools, to describe educational quality of Islamic Junior High Schools (MTS), and then to analyze the influence of the supervision competence and managerial competence toward educational quality of MTS both partially and simultaneously in Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency. This study is ex-post facto. The population is all the teachers of all private MTS with accredited A. It is analyzed all the teachers as the sample with 54 people of all. Method of data collection is through questionnaires about supervision competence, also using data analysis, and multiple regressions. The results of the study obtained that the supervision competence and the managerial competence of the head is in the medium category. The supervision competence of the head schools significantly influences the quality of education. The managerial competence of the head schools significantly influences the quality of education. Both supervision competence and managerial competence of the heads of schools have the significantly influencer toward educational quality of MTS, in Gantarang district, Bulukumba Regency.

scholarly journals The Silent Pandemic COVID-19 in the Asymptomatic Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Stout ◽  
Steven J. Rigatti
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Official ◽  
Health Official ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
Us Census

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world there is a great need to understand the dynamics of spread. Currently the seroprevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 doubles every 3 months, this silent epidemic of new infections may be the main driving force behind the rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 cases.Public health official quickly recognized that clinical cases were just the tip of the iceberg. In fact a great deal of the spread was being driven by the asymptomatically infected who continued to go out, socialize and go to work. While seropositivity is an insensitive marker for acute infection it does tell us about the prevalence COVID-19 in the population.ObjectiveDescribe the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States over time.MethodologyRepeated convenience samples from a commercial laboratory dedicated to the assessment of life insurance applicants were tested for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, in several time periods between May and December of 2020. US census data were used to estimate the population prevalence of seropositivity.ResultsThe raw seroprevalence in the May-June, September, and December timeframes were 3.0%, 6.6% and 10.4%, respectively. Higher rates were noted in younger vs. older age groups. Total estimated seroprevalence in the US is estimated at 25.7 million cases.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates a significantly larger pool of individuals who have contract COVID-19 and recovered, implying a lower case rate of hospitalizations and deaths than have been reported so far.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Children with Down Syndrome: Data from the Trisomy 21 Research Society Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5125
Author(s):  
David Emes ◽  
Anke Hüls ◽  
Nicole Baumer ◽  
Mara Dierssen ◽  
Shiela Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) are at higher risk for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but evidence is required to understand the risks for children with DS, which is necessary to inform COVID-19 shielding advice and vaccination priorities. We aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children with DS. Using data from an international survey obtained from a range of countries and control data from the United States, we compared the prevalence of symptoms and medical complications and risk factors for severe outcomes between DS and non-DS paediatric populations with COVID-19. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients <18 years with DS had a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, fever, and several medical complications from COVID-19 than control patients without DS <18 years. Older age, obesity, and epilepsy were significant risk factors for hospitalisation among paediatric COVID-19 patients with DS, and age and thyroid disorder were significant risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality rates were low in all paediatric COVID-19 patients (with and without DS), contrasting with previous findings in adults with DS (who exhibit higher mortality than those without DS). Children with DS are at increased risk for more severe presentations of COVID-19. Efforts should be made to ensure the comprehensive and early detection of COVID-19 in this population and to identify children with DS who present comorbidities that pose a risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Our results emphasize the importance of vaccinating children with DS as soon as they become eligible.

scholarly journals The Silent Pandemic COVID-19 in the Asymptomatic Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Stout ◽  
Steven J. Rigatti
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Official ◽  
Health Official ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
Us Census

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world there is a great need to understand the dynamics of spread. Currently the seroprevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 doubles every 3 months, this silent epidemic of new infections may be the main driving force behind the rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 cases.Public health official quickly recognized that clinical cases were just the tip of the iceberg. In fact a great deal of the spread was being driven by the asymptomatically infected who continued to go out, socialize and go to work. While seropositivity is an insensitive marker for acute infection it does tell us about the prevalence COVID-19 in the population.ObjectiveDescribe the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States over time.MethodologyRepeated convenience samples from a commercial laboratory dedicated to the assessment of life insurance applicants were tested for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, in several time periods between May and December of 2020. US census data were used to estimate the population prevalence of seropositivity.ResultsThe raw seroprevalence in the May-June, September, and December timeframes were 3.0%, 6.6% and 10.4%, respectively. Higher rates were noted in younger vs. older age groups. Total estimated seroprevalence in the US is estimated at 25.7 million cases.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates a significantly larger pool of individuals who have contract COVID-19 and recovered, implying a lower case rate of hospitalizations and deaths than have been reported so far.

scholarly journals Percepciones de estudiantes y docentes del uso que los estudiantes hacen de Internet y su relación con la modalidad de estudio

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubicelia Valencia-Ortiz ◽  
Urtza Garay ◽  
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Social Media Addiction ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Internet y las redes sociales se han convertido en las tecnologías estrella entre los estudiantes actuales. En cambio, todavía hay pocos estudios sobre el uso y percepción que el alumnado hace de ellas. Incluso, es difícil encontrar comparaciones entre las percepciones sobre el uso que realizan los estudiantes desde el punto de vista del profesorado y del mismo alumnado. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en las diferencias entre las percepciones del profesorado y los estudiantes respecto a los usos de internet y redes sociales que estos últimos realizan. La muestra está conformada por 17 600 alumnos y 1 498 docentes de la Ciudad de México. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio y ex post-facto, mediante el instrumento de recogida de datos “Social Media Addiction Scale-Studen Form”. Entre los resultados destaca la diferencia entre la percepción de uso que presenta el alumnado y la que tiene el profesorado. Además, son los estudiantes que cursan sus estudios a distancia los que más utilizan las redes para su proceso de aprendizaje. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de tomar medidas educativas para intensificar el uso formativo de internet y las redes sociales entre el alumnado. Internet and social media have become so trend tech activity among the current students. On the other hand, there are still few studies about the usage and the perceptions students have about them. It is even harder to find some comparisons between the perception of the students and the professors in this topic. The purpose of this work is to deepen into the existent differences between the students and teachers perceptions referred to the Internet and social media usage. The sample gathered 17600 students and 1498 teachers within Mexico City. The study was made to explore and post-facto as well, using data form from "Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form". The results emphasized the difference between the perception of usage for students and for teachers. Students who work their curricula on line, use the internet for their learning process. These results suggest the need to apply educative dictations to intensify the formative use of internet and social media in the student´s environment.

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