Relationships between Verbal and Non-Verbal Abilities for Migrant Children and Australian Children of Low Socio-Economic Status: Similarities and Contrasts

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen T. Evans ◽  
Millicent E. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Mean

Previous research indicates that mean patterns of mental ability show striking differences between different ethnic groups. In this paper, some salient features of information processing on which there are likely to be differences between children of Australian born parents of low SES and children of migrant parents are discussed. An empirical study of these differences is described. The mean performance of the migrant children studied compared with children of low SES Australian born parents was found to be related to the balance between verbal and cognitive aspects of the task. The greater the cognitive demand for a given verbal requirement the better the performance of the migrant children relative to the children in the “Australian” group. Further, the intercorrelations between performances were found to be markedly different for the two groups. The results suggest that migrant children in particular may benefit from teaching which emphasises the pragmatic use of language to indicate desired discriminations and concepts.

scholarly journals Is socio-economic status a determinant of HIV-related stigma attitudes in Zimbabwe? Findings from Project Accept

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzanai Mateveke ◽  
Basant Singh ◽  
Alfred Chingono ◽  
E. Sibanda ◽  
Ian Machingura
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
The Impact

HIV related stigma and discrimination is a known barrier for HIV prevention and care. We aimed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and HIV related stigma in Zimbabwe. This paper uses data from Project Accept, which examined the impact of community-based voluntary counseling and testing intervention on HIV incidence and stigma. Total of 2522 eligible participants responded to a psychometric assessment tool, which assessed HIV related stigma and discrimination attitudes on 4 point Likert scale. The tool measured three components of HIVrelated stigma: shame, blame and social isolation, perceived discrimination, and equity. Participants’ ownership of basic assets was used to assess the socio-economic status. Shame, blame and social isolation component of HIV related stigma was found to be significantly associated with medium [odds ratio (OR)=1.73, P<0.01] and low SES (OR=1.97, P<0.01), indicating more stigmatizing attitudes by participants belonging to medium and low SES in comparison to high SES. For HIV related stigma and discrimination programs to be effective, they should take into account the socio-economic context of target population.

scholarly journals Deep Neck infections of Odontogenic Origin and Their Clinical Significance. A Retrospective Study from Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Doležalová ◽  
Josef Zemek ◽  
Luboš Tuček
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10–40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. Materials and methods: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007–2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. Conclusion: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Abstract MP046: Gestational Hypertension in Minorities: Can Racial and Ethnic Disparities Be Attributed to Socio-Economic Status?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V Sergeev ◽  
Christina M Nyirati
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: Gestational hypertension (GHTN) remains a compelling clinical and public health problem. It can increase risks of intrauterine growth restriction, low-birth weight, and stillbirth. Little is known about whether racial and ethnic minorities and lower socio-economic status (SES) population groups are more vulnerable to GHTN. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that racial and ethnic disparities in GHTN exist beyond the scope of SES-related health disparities. Methods: A case-control study of GHTN was conducted using the data of 114,298 births in the year 2010 in Ohio. The comprehensive births data were obtained from Ohio Department of Health. Cases were identified as those with GHTN. Controls were identified as those without GHTN. Mothers utilizing Medicaid or the Federal Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children were considered of low SES. Odds ratios of GHTN in relation to mother’s race, ethnicity, and SES were obtained using multivariable logistic regression (SAS software), adjusting for known confounders - gestational age, mother’s age, pre-pregnancy and pregnancy smoking status, pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes, and plurality. Results: GHTN was statistically significantly associated with maternal race and ethnicity, even after adjustment for SES. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 1.867, 95% CI 1.663–2.096, p<0.001), while Asian women were less likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 0.538, 95% CI 0.426–0.679, p<0.001). Hispanic white women were less likely to develop GHTN than non-Hispanic white women, although the difference between them did not reach a conventional p<0.05 level of statistical significance (adjusted OR = 0.651, 95% CI 0.395–1.076, p=0.09). Adjusted for maternal race, ethnicity, age, and known clinical confounders, women of lower SES were more likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 1.475, 95% CI 1.32–1.647, p<0.001). Conclusions: Non-Hispanic black women are at the highest risk of developing GHTN, while Asian women are at the lowest. The Hispanic paradox phenomenon extends to the issue of GHTN. Racial and ethnic disparities cannot be attributed to low SES only; other mechanisms need to be investigated further.

scholarly journals Effects of a 2-year healthy eating and physical activity intervention for 3–6-year-olds in communities of high and low socio-economic status: the POP (Prevention of Overweight among Pre-school and school children) project

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie De Coen ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Vera Verbestel ◽  
Leen Haerens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Profile Control

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based, 2-year, multi-component intervention on BMI, eating and physical activity behaviour in Flanders, Belgium, targeting children aged 3–6 years in communities of high and low socio-economic status (SES).DesignCluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-one pre-primary and primary schools in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched (on SES profile) control communities in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsBMI Z-scores at baseline and follow-up were calculated for 1102 children. Questionnaires with sociodemographic data and FFQ were available from 694 of these 1102 children.ResultsNo significant effects were found on BMI Z-scores for the total sample. However, there was a significant decrease in BMI Z-score of 0·11 in the low-SES intervention community compared with the low-SES control community, where the BMI Z-score increased by 0·04 (F = 6·26, P = 0·01). No significant intervention effects could be found for eating behaviour, physical activity or screen-time. There were no significant interaction effects of age and gender of the children on the outcome variables.ConclusionsAlthough no significant effects were found for BMI Z-scores in the total sample, this intervention had a promising effect in the low-SES community of reducing excess weight gain among young children.

Intelligence, family size and socio-economic status

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Kennett ◽  
A. J. Cropley
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
School Children ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Definite Relationship ◽  
Fertility Pattern

SummaryA sample of 170 Regina school children, divided into subgroups according to family size and socio-economic status, was tested on the Otis Beta Mental Ability Test. The results demonstrated the existence of a definite relationship between intelligence and socio-economic status, but no significant relationship between family size and IQ, except among low socio economic status males. These results, interpreted as reflecting the changing relationship between intelligence and family size, are possibly the outcome of a changing fertility pattern within the various socio-economic status groups.

Speech-like vocalizations in infancy: an evaluation of potential risk factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Rebecca E. Eilers ◽  
Michele L. Steffens ◽  
Michael P. Lynch ◽  
Richard Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACTThis work reports longitudinal evaluation of the speech-like vocal development of infants born at risk due to prematurity or low socio-economic status (SES) and infants not subject to such risk. Twenty infants were preterm (10 of low SES) and 33 were full term (16 of low SES), and all were studied from 0;4 through 1;6. The study provides the indication that at-risk infants are not generally delayed in the ability to produce well-formed speech-like sounds as indicated in taperecorded vocal samples. At the same time, premature infants show a tendency to produce well-formed syllables less consistently than full terms after the point at which parents and laboratory personnel note the onset of the canonical babbling stage (the point after which well-formed syllables are well established in the infant vocal repertoires). Further, even though low SES infants produce well-formed speech-like structures on schedule, they show a reliably lower tendency to vocalize in general, as reflected by fewer utterances per minute in recorded samples.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Current Business Situation of Cane Based Furniture Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Md Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Nayeema Maswood Neela
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
High Price ◽  
Unskilled Labor ◽  
Business Policy ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Current Business ◽  
Transportation Facilities

Cane based furniture business is one of the least researched areas in Bangladesh. The purpose of the present study is to appraise socio-economic conditions and business policy of cane based furniture in the study area of Sylhet city, Bangladesh. The study reveals that 57% of cane furniture enterprises is small, 36% is medium and 7% is large in size. The average investment, production and profit range around Tk. 2, 80,000, Tk. 2,21,916 and Tk. 22,500 respectively per enterprise. Sofa, chair and rocking chair are the most demanded and profitable items. The study also reveals that 51% of entrepreneurs are suffering from shortage of capital and raw materials, whereas 35% are suffering from unskilled labor and adequate transportation facilities. High price due to high cost, low demand, archaic and common design, less promotion are the major problems of cane furniture. The study suggests that entrepreneurs should create demand for cane furniture among all classes of people through proper promotional programs, newest design, adding new features, improving quality and making the product available to all over the country through proper distribution. Government should patronize this industry by giving financial and institutional supports.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(1) 2015; 93-108

scholarly journals Structural violence and the nature of cemetery-based skeletal reference collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Greer Vanderbyl ◽  
John Albanese ◽  
Hugo F. V. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The sourcing of cadavers for North American skeletal reference collections occurred immediately after death and targeted the poor and marginalised. In Europe, collections sourced bodies that were buried and unclaimed after some time in cemeteries with no perpetual care mandate, and may have also targeted the underprivileged. The relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and abandonment was examined in a sample of unclaimed remains (603 adults and 98 children) collected from cemeteries in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, that were incorporated in a collection. Results demonstrate that low SES individuals are not more likely to be abandoned nor to be incorporated in the collection than higher SES individuals. Furthermore, historical data indicate that the poorest were not incorporated into the collection, because of burial practices. Although the accumulation of collections in North America was facilitated by structural violence that targeted the poor and marginalised, this phenomenon seems largely absent in the Lisbon collection.

scholarly journals Aspects of Dental Anxiety at Children of Different Ethnicities

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Monica Monea ◽  
Eleonora Mircia ◽  
Adriana Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
The Family

Objectives: The aim of our study is to identify the differences in how the dental act is perceived among children of different ethnic groups. For this purpose, we started from the hypothesis that the degree of child anxiety at the dentist can be influenced by the socio-economic status of the family of origin. Material and methods: A sample of 115 school children, including 40 Romanian children, 36 Hungarian children and 39 Roma children, aged between 8-9 years old, were interviewed. We have chosen these three ethnic groups to see if there are differences in the perception of the dental act. In terms of psychological method, the questionnaire, the semi-structured interview, and the demonstration were used. Results: The results showed that most children of the Romanian and Hungarian groups had been to the dentist, whereas only 48.71% of the Roma children had been there. The highest degree of anxiety is manifested by the Roma children. There are no significant differences in this study between the answers of Romanian children and Hungarian children regarding the degree of anxiety in the dental office. Conclusions: The study confirmed the hypothesis that the degree of child anxiety at the dentist is influenced by the socio-economic status of the family of origin. When the socio-economic level is low, parents do not go to the dental office for treatment or prevention and this behaviour is passed on to children.

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