Can Community Policing Help the Truly Disadvantaged?

Community policing advocates argue that reforms designed to break down barriers between police and citizens can produce favorable outcomes. The authors test a series of related hypotheses in a multivariate context by using four independent data sources— community surveys, patrol officer interviews, Census Bureau, and police crime records— to estimate hierarchical linear models. The results show that citizens who perceive police partnerships favorably report fewer problems related to incivilities and also express higher levels of safety. Findings from models including cross-level interaction terms indicate that the positive outcomes associated with police partnerships are not restricted to citizens residing in affluent neighborhoods. In our ecological analysis, we find that police-community collaboration is associated with higher aggregate quality of life assessments and that community policing as a form of public social control mediates the adverse effects of concentrated disadvantage. The findings support social-psychological and ecological theories on which community policing practices are partially based.

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POLARYZACJA GRUPOWA W WARUNKACH DEBATY DELIBERATYWNEJ

Civitas et Lex ◽

10.31648/cetl.1886 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 19-29

Author(s):

Elżbieta Wesołowska

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

John Rawls ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Group Decision ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Group Consensus ◽

Group Polarization ◽

Normative Requirements

In social psychology the group polarization refers to the tendency for groups to make decisionsthat are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members. This phenomenon constitutesa potential obstacle to positive outcomes attributed to deliberative debates. A deliberative debateis a particular kind of a group discussion tasked with fi nding group consensus on controversialissues. The idea of deliberation originates from the writings of John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, AmyGutmann and Denis Thompson. Deliberative debate imposes numerous normative requirementson the communication, relationships among the disputants and their approach to the issue underdiscussion. These normative requirements make a big difference between deliberative debates andthe situations in which the phenomenon of polarization was observed. Thus, we presume that indeliberative debates conditions the phenomenon of group polarization may be limited.The paper investigates the following questions: would the normative conditions of deliberationlimit the occurrence of polarization in discussing groups? and What infl uence (if any) would thepolarization process have on the quality of group decision? In the light of the empirical data we concluded what follows: (1) In 50% of the analyzed casesof group discussion the phenomenon of group polarization was observed despite the normativeconditions of deliberation. (2) The occurrence of group polarization in some cases coincided withmaking the fi nal decisions which did not alter the initial preferences of the disputants (but did nottotally predestinated the fi nal outcome).

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The Relational Fit in Organizational Interventions—What Can Organizational Research Learn from Research in Psychotherapy?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8104

Author(s):

Malene Friis Andersen ◽

Karina Nielsen ◽

Jeppe Zielinski Nguyen Ajslev

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Organizational Research ◽

Organizational Interventions ◽

Therapist Factors ◽

Positive Results ◽

The Way

There is a growing interest in organizational interventions (OI) aiming to increase employees’ well-being. An OI involves changes in the way work is designed, organized, and managed. Studies have shown that an OI’s positive results are increased if there is a good fit between context and intervention and between participant and intervention. In this article, we propose that a third fit—the Relational Fit (R-Fit)—also plays an important role in determining an intervention’s outcome. The R-Fit consists of factors related to 1) the employees participating in the OI, 2) the intervention facilitator, and 3) the quality of the relation between participants and the intervention facilitator. The concept of the R-Fit is inspired by research in psychotherapy documenting that participant factors, therapist factors, and the quality of the relations explain 40% of the effect of an intervention. We call attention to the importance of systematically evaluating and improving the R-Fit in OIs. This is important to enhance the positive outcomes in OIs and thereby increase both the well-being and productivity of employees. We introduce concrete measures that can be used to study and evaluate the R-Fit. This article is the first to combine knowledge from research in psychotherapy with research on OIs.

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Perceived and objective availability of green and blue spaces and quality of life in people with dementia: results from the IDEAL programme

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02030-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Tzu Wu ◽

◽

Linda Clare ◽

Ian Rees Jones ◽

Sharon M. Nelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Positive Association ◽

Deprivation Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Future Research ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Perceived Availability ◽

People With Dementia

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between quality of life and both perceived and objective availability of local green and blue spaces in people with dementia, including potential variation across rural/urban settings and those with/without opportunities to go outdoors. Methods This study was based on 1540 community-dwelling people with dementia in the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) programme. Quality of life was measured by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD) scale. A list of 12 types of green and blue spaces was used to measure perceived availability while objective availability was estimated using geographic information system data. Regression modelling was employed to investigate the associations of quality of life with perceived and objective availability of green and blue spaces, adjusting for individual factors and deprivation level. Interaction terms with rural/urban areas or opportunities to go outdoors were fitted to test whether the associations differed across these subgroups. Results Higher QoL-AD scores were associated with higher perceived availability of local green and blue spaces (0.82; 95% CI 0.06, 1.58) but not objective availability. The positive association between perceived availability and quality of life was stronger for urban (1.50; 95% CI 0.52, 2.48) than rural residents but did not differ between participants with and without opportunities to go outdoors. Conclusions Only perceived availability was related to quality of life in people with dementia. Future research may investigate how people with dementia utilise green and blue spaces and improve dementia-friendliness of these spaces.

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6G Enabled Smart Infrastructure for Sustainable Society: Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Roadmap

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1709

Author(s):

Agbotiname Lucky Imoize ◽

Oluwadara Adedeji ◽

Nistha Tandiya ◽

Sachin Shetty

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Agriculture Education ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Research Issues ◽

Data Intensive ◽

Wireless Communication Network ◽

Data Intensive Applications

The 5G wireless communication network is currently faced with the challenge of limited data speed exacerbated by the proliferation of billions of data-intensive applications. To address this problem, researchers are developing cutting-edge technologies for the envisioned 6G wireless communication standards to satisfy the escalating wireless services demands. Though some of the candidate technologies in the 5G standards will apply to 6G wireless networks, key disruptive technologies that will guarantee the desired quality of physical experience to achieve ubiquitous wireless connectivity are expected in 6G. This article first provides a foundational background on the evolution of different wireless communication standards to have a proper insight into the vision and requirements of 6G. Second, we provide a panoramic view of the enabling technologies proposed to facilitate 6G and introduce emerging 6G applications such as multi-sensory–extended reality, digital replica, and more. Next, the technology-driven challenges, social, psychological, health and commercialization issues posed to actualizing 6G, and the probable solutions to tackle these challenges are discussed extensively. Additionally, we present new use cases of the 6G technology in agriculture, education, media and entertainment, logistics and transportation, and tourism. Furthermore, we discuss the multi-faceted communication capabilities of 6G that will contribute significantly to global sustainability and how 6G will bring about a dramatic change in the business arena. Finally, we highlight the research trends, open research issues, and key take-away lessons for future research exploration in 6G wireless communication.

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What Are the Benefits of Pet Ownership and Care Among People With Mild-to-Moderate Dementia? Findings From the IDEAL programme

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464820962619 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073346482096261

Author(s):

Carol Opdebeeck ◽

Michael A. Katsaris ◽

Anthony Martyr ◽

Ruth A. Lamont ◽

James A. Pickett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Outcomes ◽

Pet Ownership ◽

Active Life ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Moderate Dementia ◽

Self Reports ◽

Key Factor ◽

Person With Dementia ◽

The Ideal

Pet ownership has been associated with positive outcomes in many populations, yet the associations with physical and psychological wellbeing in people with dementia remain unclear. The current study used baseline data from 1,542 people living at home with mild-to-moderate dementia from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) programme. Regression analyses investigated associations of pet ownership and pet care with self-reports of walking, loneliness, depression, and quality of life (QoL). After adjusting for covariates, having any pet was associated with higher likelihood of walking over 3 hr in the last week. Those with a dog and who were involved in its care were less likely to be lonely than those with no dog. Having any pet but no involvement in its care was associated with increased depression and decreased QoL compared with those without a pet. The key factor in the associations was involvement in the care of the pet by the person with dementia.

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Incarceration and Cancer-Related Outcomes (ICRO) study protocol: using a mixed-methods approach to investigate the role of incarceration on cancer incidence, mortality and quality of care

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e048863

Author(s):

Lisa Puglisi ◽

Alexandra A Halberstam ◽

Jenerius Aminawung ◽

Colleen Gallagher ◽

Lou Gonsalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Quality Of Care ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Care ◽

Survival Models ◽

Structural Racism ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

The Relationship

IntroductionIncarceration is associated with decreased cancer screening rates and a higher risk for hospitalisation and death from cancer after release from prison. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between incarceration and cancer outcomes and quality of care. In the Incarceration and Cancer-Related Outcomes Study, we aim to develop a nuanced understanding of how incarceration affects cancer incidence, mortality and treatment, and moderates the relationship between socioeconomic status, structural racism and cancer disparities.Methods and analysisWe will use a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study design. We will create the first comprehensive linkage of data from the Connecticut Department of Correction and the statewide Connecticut Tumour Registry. Using the linked dataset, we will examine differences in cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis between individuals currently incarcerated, formerly incarcerated and never incarcerated in Connecticut from 2005 to 2016. Among individuals with invasive cancer, we will assess relationships among incarceration, quality of cancer care and mortality, and will assess the degree to which incarceration status moderates relationships among race, socioeconomic status, quality of cancer care and cancer mortality. We will use multivariable logistic regression and Cox survival models with interaction terms as appropriate. These results will inform our conduct of in-depth interviews with individuals diagnosed with cancer during or shortly after incarceration regarding their experiences with cancer care in the correctional system and the immediate postrelease period. The results of this qualitative work will help contextualise the results of the data linkage.Ethics and disseminationThe Yale University Institutional Review Board (#2000022899) and the Connecticut Department of Public Health Human Investigations Committee approved this study. We will disseminate study findings through peer-reviewed publications and academic and community presentations. Access to the deidentified quantitative and qualitative datasets will be made available on review of the request.

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Prediction indicators of the petroleum products quality using statistical methods

Automation. Modern Techologies ◽

10.36652/0869-4931-2021-75-12-565-568 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Product ◽

Principal Components ◽

Autoregressive Model ◽

Linear Models ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Method Of Principal Components ◽

Product Method

The possibility of the virtual analyzers models constructing of the petroleum products quality indicators for the atmospheric column of an oil refinery is considered. Comparison of linear models is carried out. It was found that more accurate and less costly are autoregressive models with a distributed lag. The use of such models at the facility improves the efficiency of obtaining information about the quality of petroleum products. Keywords virtual analyzers; autoregressive model; lag; factors; petroleum product; method of principal components; quality

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A global scientific literature of research on water quality indices: trends, biases and future directions

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x2014000300004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 245-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maria Tereza Ribeiro Alves ◽

Fabrício Barreto Teresa ◽

João Carlos Nabout

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Linear Models ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Information Criterion ◽

The United States ◽

Water Index ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Number Of Publications

AIM: Water quality has been the subject of many recent studies, moreover, the physical, chemical and biological parameters of water are used to investigate water quality and can be combined into a single index, the Water Quality Index (WQI), for use by water resource managers and the general public. The aim of this study was to use scientometrics to evaluate how water quality has been addressed in the international scientific literature. METHOD: For the quantitative analysis of the publications on WQI, we used the search database SCOPUS (http://www.scopus.com). The search was performed using the words "QUALIT* WATER* INDEX*" in papers published in all databases (through 2011). RESULTS: We found 554 articles that dealt with the use of WQI the number of publications has increased significantly over the last 20 years. India had the most studies, with 177 articles, followed by China, Brazil and the United States. These four countries together published 57% of studies on WQI. We generated 15 linear models to explain the number of publication by study sit (country). According to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the best model to explain the number of publications by country was the model that combined Sanitation and Public Supply. CONCLUSION: Finally, this paper presents the state of scientific literature on WQI and demonstrates the growing interest of the scientific community in this issue, which is certainly due to the importance of the quantity and quality of water for human supply, economics, health and the conservation of water resources.

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Quality of Life in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health Problems: An Explorative Study

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/491918 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Filip Morisse ◽

Eleonore Vandemaele ◽

Claudia Claes ◽

Lien Claes ◽

Stijn Vandevelde

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Support Strategies ◽

Professional Network ◽

Universal Properties

The field of intellectual disability (ID) is strongly influenced by the Quality of Life paradigm (QOL). We aimed at investigating whether or not the QOL paradigm also applies to clients with ID and cooccurring mental health problems. This paper aims at stimulating a debate on this topic, by investigating whether or not QOL domains are universal. Focus groups with natural and professional network members were organized to gather qualitative data, in order to answer two questions: (1) Are the QOL dimensions conceptualized in the model of Schalock et al. applicable for persons with ID and mental health problems? (2) What are indicators relating to the above-mentioned dimensions in relation to persons with ID and mental health problems? The results offer some proof for the assumption that the QOL construct seems to have universal properties. With regard to the second question, the study revealed that the natural and professional network members are challenged to look for the most appropriate support strategies, taking specific indicators of QOL into account. When aspects of empowerment and regulation are used in an integrated manner, the application of the QOL paradigm could lead to positive outcomes concerning self-determination, interdependence, social inclusion, and emotional development.

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Impact of mental illness on in-patient hospital costs for somatic disorders and associated factors

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

M Michel ◽

A J Hammami ◽

K Chevreul

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Hospital Costs ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Interaction Terms

Abstract Background People suffering from mental disorders are in poorer somatic health that the general population. This is due in part to poor quality of care in primary care settings, which can in turn have a major impact on hospitals and healthcare systems, in particular in terms of costs. Our objective was to assess the economic burden of acute care admissions for somatic diseases in patients with a mental illness compared to other patients and analyse the factors associated with it. Methods An exhaustive study using French hospital discharge databases was carried out between 2009 and 2013. Total acute hospital costs were calculated from the all payer perspective (statutory health insurance, private health insurances and patient out-of pocket payments). A multivariate regression modelled the association between mental illness and hospital costs while adjusting for other explanatory variables, with and without interaction terms. Results 37,458,810 admissions were included in the analysis. 1,163,972 patients (6.54%) were identified as being mentally ill. Mean total hospital costs at five years per patient were €8,114. Costs per mentally ill patient were on average 34% higher than for a non-mentally patient (€10,637 vs. €7,949). A longitudinal analysis of costs showed a widening of the gap between the two groups as time went by, from 1.60% in 2009 to 10.51% in 2013. In the multivariate model, mental disorders were significantly associated with increased costs, and interaction terms found an increased impact of mental illness on costs in deprived patients. Conclusions Improving quality of primary care and health promotion in people with a mental illness both for their own sake and to decrease the economic burden on the healthcare system, is of vital importance. Key messages There is a significant increase in hospital costs for somatic care in patients with a mental illness compared to other patients, in particular in patients who are also deprived. It is necessary to improve primary care and health promotion in mentally ill patients, for their sake and for the sake of healthcare systems.

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