Post-Release Source of Income and Convictions of Formerly Incarcerated Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110077
Author(s):  
Suzan Verweij ◽  
Gijs Weijters ◽  
Hilde Wermink ◽  
Arjan A.J. Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between post-release source of income and convictions for different types of crime. Longitudinal data from a sample of formerly incarcerated adults ( n = 10,879) released from Dutch prisons were used. Fixed effects models show that, compared with receiving social benefits, post-release employment is associated with a lower probability of convictions for crime in general, and for property crime. Persons who are not employed and do not receive benefits have a higher likelihood of conviction for any crime, property crime, and violent crime compared with those receiving social benefits. The magnitude of this positive relationship is stronger for those living alone, for women, and for persons older than 25. Results have implications for crime control policies.

scholarly journals Cognitive ability and fertility among Swedish men born 1951–1967: evidence from military conscription registers

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1902) ◽  
pp. 20190359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kolk ◽  
Kieron Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Military Conscription ◽  
First Child ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Careers

We examine the relationship between cognitive ability and childbearing patterns in contemporary Sweden using administrative register data. The topic has a long history in the social sciences and has been the topic of a large number of studies, many reporting a negative gradient between intelligence and fertility. We link fertility histories to military conscription tests with intelligence scores for all Swedish men born 1951–1967. We find a positive relationship between intelligence scores and fertility, and this pattern is consistent across the cohorts we study. The relationship is most pronounced for the transition to a first child, and men with the lowest categories of IQ scores have the fewest children. Using fixed effects models, we additionally control for all factors that are shared by siblings, and after such adjustments, we find a stronger positive relationship between IQ and fertility. Furthermore, we find a positive gradient within groups at different levels of education. Compositional differences of this kind are therefore not responsible for the positive gradient we observe—instead, the relationship is even stronger after controlling for both educational careers and parental background factors. In our models where we compare brothers to one another, we find that, relative to men with IQ 100, the group with the lowest category of cognitive ability have 0.56 fewer children, and men with the highest category have 0.09 more children.

Do star employees help or hinder department performance: the case of surgeons in South Korean hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sangsuk Oh ◽  
Owwon Park ◽  
Woonki Hong
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Strategic Human Capital ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Based on strategic human capital theory, this study examines the effects of star surgeons on two different types of healthcare outcomes (i.e., number of surgical patients and length of patients’ in-hospital stay after surgery) in the surgery department. We also explore whether the relationship between star surgeons and healthcare outcomes is contingent on the expertise disparity between star and non-star surgeons. The results of an empirical analysis on colorectal cancer surgeons in 80 departments in South Korean hospitals show that the number of star surgeons increases the number of surgical patients and reduces the length of patients' stay after surgery. Moreover, the positive relationship between star surgeons and the number of surgical patients is strengthened when the expertise disparity between star and non-star surgeons is low. The implications of these findings for research and practice are also discussed.

Does the Community College Pathway Influence the Selectivity of Students’ Destination 4-Year Institution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-461
Author(s):  
Justin C. Ortagus ◽  
Xiaodan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Institutional Selectivity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

Objectives: In this study, we explore the influence of enrolling initially at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution on the selectivity of the destination 4-year institution. Method: We leverage nationally representative data and a propensity score matching approach to compare the institutional selectivity between students who begin at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution and those who begin at a 4-year college or university. To estimate the relationship between the community college pathway and institutional selectivity, we employ an ordinal logistic regression model. Results: We find that transferring from a community college to a 4-year institution had a positive influence on the selectivity of students’ destination 4-year institution. More specifically, students who enroll initially at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution have a greater probability of attending a very selective 4-year institution and moderately selective 4-year institution when compared with native 4-year students. Students who transferred from a community college have a lower probability of attending minimally selective 4-year institutions and open-admission 4-year institutions when compared with otherwise-similar students who began at a 4-year institution. Contributions: By showing a positive relationship between the vertical transfer and the level of selectivity of students’ destination 4-year institution, this study highlights a potential benefit of beginning at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution.

Influence of Transnational Leisure on Diaspora Tourism among Contemporary Migrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752092231
Author(s):  
Wei-Jue Huang ◽  
Chun-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Leisure Participation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Leisure and tourism constitute important means for migrants to keep in touch with their homeland. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between the leisure and tourism activities of contemporary migrants in a transnational social field. Overseas Chinese residing in North America were surveyed to compare transnational leisure participation and travel behavior across five migrant generations, and examine the effects of transnational leisure on travel behavior and intention. A U-shaped pattern was found in respondents’ media-based and event-based transnational leisure, frequency of travel, and intention to visit China, with the second generation being the lowest. Media-based leisure influenced the first and 1.5-generations’ number of homeland trips whereas event-based leisure influenced that of the second, third, and fourth-plus generations. Overall, there is a positive relationship between transnational leisure and diaspora tourism, and different types of transnational leisure have varying effects on the travel behavior and intention of different generations.

scholarly journals The effect of passion for activities on fear of COVID-19 and mental health among the Japanese population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kubo ◽  
Daichi Sugawara ◽  
Akihiro Masuyama
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Harmonious Passion ◽  
Obsessive Passion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

As the pandemic limited our lives, people engaged in their favorite activities; either in alternative ways or while disregarding the restrictions. These major activities and our engagement in these activities of life are considered to have a significant impact on our mental health. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between two types of passion (harmonious passion and obsessive passion), fear of COVID-19 (emotional fear responses, symptomatic expressions of fear), and mental distress. To this end, 322 Japanese participants completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that harmonious passion (HP) was positively related to emotional fear responses and negatively to mental distress. On the other hand, obsessive passion (OP) was positively associated with symptomatic expressions of fear and negatively with mental distress. Symptomatic expressions of fear have a stronger positive relationship with mental distress than emotional fear reactions. This study evidenced that HP is a protective factor against pandemics as it improves mental health while appropriately recognizing fear of COVID-19. Focusing on different types of passion may prove effective in improving mental health amidst the pandemic.

scholarly journals Relationship between Spiritual Practices and Psychological Well-Being among Hindus

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Spiritual people perform some spiritual practices for attaining psychological well-being, mental peace, and different types of healings and for many other purposes. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual practices and psychological well-being among Hindus. Spiritual practices positively affect psychological well-being. In the present study, Spiritual Practices Scale-Hindus (SPS-H) developed by Singh and Husain (2014) and Psychological Well-being Scale developed by Prakash and Bhogle (1995) were administered on 130 Hindus (89 male and 41 female). They were drawn from different temples situated in Aligarh and Agra districts of U.P. Data was analysed by using Pearson product moment correlation to examine the relationship between the scores obtained on the spiritual practices and psychological well-being scales. The Significant positive relationship was found between spiritual practices and psychological well-being among Hindus.

Social Contributors and Consequences of Habitual and Compulsive Game Play

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghee Yvette Wohn ◽  
Yu-Hao Lee ◽  
Elif Yilmaz Ozkaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between social motivations, pro-social relationship outcomes, and two types of game play—habitual and compulsive—in the context of simulation games on Facebook. Social motivations were significantly associated with compulsive game play, but not habitual game play. Compulsive play was a positive predictor of pro-social outcomes whereas habitual use was not. By differentiating two different types of media use that are both associated with problematic use, the authors see that social factors contribute to people's inability to control their gaming behavior, but that the so-called “addictive” behavior can also yield positive relationship outcomes.

Estimating the Relationship Between Special Education De-Identification for Emotional Disturbance and Academic and School Discipline Outcomes: Evidence From Wisconsin’s Longitudinal Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran ◽  
Aydin Bal ◽  
Peter Goff ◽  
Nicholas Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
School Suspension ◽  
In School Suspension ◽  
The Relationship

Students placed in special education programs for emotional and behavioral disorders with emotional disturbance (ED) identification have academic outcomes that lag both students in regular and special education. This issue is especially important for youth attending urban schools. Although prior research has examined students identified as ED, little research has examined how students who experience de-identification fare with regard to academic or behavioral outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between ED de-identification and student outcomes in the United States. The study uses longitudinal, administrative data to estimate the relationship between special education de-identification from ED and both academic and school discipline outcomes. Results of regression models with a variety of fixed effects, including student fixed effects, suggest that students who are de-identified have higher academic achievement after de-identification and a lower probability of experiencing an in-school suspension (ISS). Results for out-of-school suspension (OSS) are mixed. The results suggest that appropriately timed exit from special education services for students with ED who have been determined by individualized education program (IEP) teams to be suitable for de-identification is unlikely to harm students academically but that extra attention to OSS may be needed. The results point to the need for more attention to de-identification.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Spikes on Different Types of Complex Waves

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
A.N.M. Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Predictive Variable ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Complex Waves

This article treats analytically. This paper presents a novel approach to complex waves. This article outlines the understanding of the various effects of spike representations used to make models of the predictive variable effects of the second-order portion of power while revealing the relationship between the time series segments that are recorded from a single unit. MATLAB has been used to show the effects of mixed spikes in graphs. The resulting power portion has varied representation effects in which both the random and fixed effects are expressed as functions of the frequency domain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document