Differences between Students of Jewish and Arab Origin in Reasons for Deciding to Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 001312452110273
Author(s):  
Oz Guterman ◽  
Efrat Gill
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Arab Origin

Academic studies play a central role in determining socioeconomic status in Western society. Nevertheless, most research had focused on factors of academic achievement and paid less attention to factors of actual registration for academic studies. Reasons for choosing to enrol in academic studies are particularly important for understanding majority and minority group differences in rates of registration for such studies and helping promote ethnic groups. The present research, conducted with undergraduate students in Israel, examined differences between students of Jewish and Arab origin in terms of their reasons for undertaking studies. First, qualitative interviews were held with 50 students from the two groups about their reasons for choosing to study. Based on thematic analysis of the interviews, a quantitative questionnaire was developed. It was administered to 367 students from the two groups. The data indicate several differences between the groups, but also reveal opposite directions of correlations in the two groups, corresponding with different family situations. Some possible explanations are suggested for the associations of the groups, family status, and reasons for studying, and the theoretical and methodological implications of these associations are discussed.

Division of Roles in Homeschooling: Desire and Ability to Change Places

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishag Edri ◽  
Henriette Dahan-Kalev
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Individual Perceptions

In Israel, like the rest of Western society, women are still largely responsible for childcare and housework. In homeschooling families, this division is even more prominent. This article explores homeschooling mothers’ perspective on role division. Using the auto-ethnographic-phenomenological approach to qualitative research of individual perceptions and experiences, I recruited a purpose-focused sample of 27 homeschooling mothers. Using interviews and personal logs (or diaries), I obtained data that underwent thematic analysis. The study findings indicate that mothers like being with their kids and that most of them would not want to change places with their partner, but the question arises as to whether there is a real possibility of choosing.

scholarly journals The hospice as a learning space: a death education intervention with a group of adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Testoni ◽  
Lorenza Palazzo ◽  
Lucia Ronconi ◽  
Stefania Donna ◽  
Paolo Francesco Cottone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Death Education ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background The denial of death in Western society deprives young people of the tools to derive meaning from experiences of death and dying. Literature shows that death education may allow them to become familiar with this topic without causing negative effects. This article describes the effects of a death education course with adolescents, wherein participants were given the opportunity to meet palliative doctors and palliative psychologists at school and in a hospice, where they were able to converse with the families of the dying. Methods This study used mixed methods and included an evaluation of a death education intervention with longitudinal follow-up of outcomes. The course involved 87 secondary school students (experimental group) aged between 16 and 20 years. We also recruited a control group of 76 similarly-aged students to observe differences. The variables we examined were: alexithymia, representation of death, value attributed to life and spirituality. These were measured with the following instruments: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Testoni Death Representation Scale, the Personal Meaning Profile and the Spiritual Orientation Inventory, respectively. To better understand how the students perceived the experience, we asked the experimental group to answer some open-ended questions. Their answers were analysed through thematic analysis. Results The study showed that death education and the hospice experience did not produce negative effects, but rather allowed students to decrease alexithymia, improving their ability to recognise and express emotions. Thematic analysis revealed that all participants perceived the experience as very positive. Conclusions Our findings affirm that death education programs can be successfully implemented in high schools, and that they can usefully involve local hospices and palliative care professionals, especially physicians and psychologists.

Type of screen time and academic achievement in children from Australia and New Zealand: interactions with socioeconomic status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
David R. Skvarc ◽  
Anne Penny ◽  
Travis Harries ◽  
Christopher Wilson ◽  
Nicki Joshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Screen Time

scholarly journals Use of symptom checkers for COVID-19-related symptoms among university students: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjinnov-2020-000498
Author(s):  
Stephanie Aboueid ◽  
Samantha B Meyer ◽  
James R Wallace ◽  
Shreya Mahajan ◽  
Teeyaa Nur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

ObjectiveSymptom checkers are potentially beneficial tools during pandemics. To increase the use of the platform, perspectives of end users must be gathered. Our objectives were to understand the perspectives and experiences of young adults related to the use of symptom checkers for assessing COVID-19-related symptoms and to identify areas for improvement.MethodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 22 young adults (18–34 years of age) at a university in Ontario, Canada. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified six main themes related to the decision of using a symptom checker for COVID-19 symptoms: (1) presence of symptoms or a combination of symptoms, (2) knowledge about COVID-19 symptoms, (3) fear of seeking in-person healthcare services, (4) awareness about symptom checkers, (5) paranoia and (6) curiosity. Participants who used symptom checkers shared by governmental entities reported an overall positive experience. Individuals who used non-credible sources reported suboptimal experiences due to lack of perceived credibility. Five main areas for improvement were identified: (1) information about the creators of the platform, (2) explanation of symptoms, (3) personalised experience, (4) language options, and (5) option to get tested.ConclusionsThis study suggests an increased acceptance of symptom checkers due to the perceived risks of infection associated with seeking in-person healthcare services. Symptom checkers have the potential to reduce the burden on healthcare systems and health professionals, especially during pandemics; however, these platforms could be improved to increase use.

scholarly journals New Measures Assessing Predictors of Academic Persistence for Historically Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Undergraduates in Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. ar32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Byars-Winston ◽  
Jenna Rogers ◽  
Janet Branchaw ◽  
Christine Pribbenow ◽  
Ryan Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Black African ◽  
Broadening Participation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

An important step in broadening participation of historically underrepresented (HU) racial/ethnic groups in the sciences is the creation of measures validated with these groups that will allow for greater confidence in the results of investigations into factors that predict their persistence. This study introduces new measures of theoretically derived factors emanating from social cognitive and social identity theories associated with persistence for HU racial/ethnic groups in science disciplines. The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) the internal reliability and factor analyses for measures of research-related self-efficacy beliefs, sources of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and science identity; and 2) potential group differences in responses to the measures, examining the main and interaction effects of gender and race/ethnicity. Survey data came from a national sample of 688 undergraduate students in science majors who were primarily black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a with a 2:1 ratio of females to males. Analyses yielded acceptable validity statistics and race × gender group differences were observed in mean responses to several measures. Implications for broadening participation of HU groups in the sciences are discussed regarding future tests of predictive models of student persistence and training programs to consider cultural diversity factors in their design.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Mobility in the United States: What We Have Learned from the PSID

2018 ◽  
Vol 680 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhashkar Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Advanced Economies

This article reviews the contributions of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to the study of intergenerational mobility. The PSID enables researchers to track individuals as they form new households and covers many dimensions of socioeconomic status over large portions of the life cycle, making the data ideal for studying intergenerational mobility. Studies have used PSID data to show that the United States is among the least economically mobile countries among advanced economies. The PSID has been instrumental to understanding various dimensions of intergenerational mobility, including occupation; wealth; education; consumption; health; and group differences by gender, race, and region. Studies using the PSID have also cast light on the mechanisms behind intergenerational persistence.

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