scholarly journals Too Stressed to Teach? Teaching Quality, Student Engagement, and IEP Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venus W. Wong ◽  
Lisa A. Ruble ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
John H. McGrew
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Teacher Stress ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
The Stability

Teacher stress and burnout have a detrimental effect on the stability of the teaching workforce. However, the possible consequences of teacher burnout on teaching quality and on student learning outcomes are less clear, especially in special education settings. We applied Maslach and Leiter’s (1999) model to understand the direct effects of burnout on teaching in general and stress arising from interaction with a specific student on the individualized education program (IEP) outcomes of young children with autism spectrum disorder. We also examined indirect effects through teaching quality and student engagement. The results indicated that one of the three components of burnout—teacher personal accomplishment—was directly related to IEP outcomes, a distal effect, whereas stress was directly related to teaching quality and student engagement, which were more proximal effects. In addition, teacher stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization had indirect effects on IEP outcomes through teaching quality and student engagement.

TVET as a Game Changer

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-158
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
College Impact ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Impact Models

This chapter discusses the implications of results presented in Chapter 4. Possible explanations for the findings are provided in reference to how they converge or diverge from the existing literature. In Chapter 4, the effects of college resources and student engagement on student learning outcomes were investigated. By incorporating the college impact models, this chapter explores how college resources influence learning outcomes beyond what is already explained by aspects of the environment. Specifically, the chapter analyzed the direct and indirect effects of college resources and student engagement on students learning outcomes. In addition, this chapter examined the college environments and the influence it exerts on learning outcomes. The chapter is centered on the findings of demographic information as well as understanding group variances. The chapter winds up with a concrete discussion around the research questions and hypotheses developed in Chapter 4.

“It's Not Humanly Possible to Do Everything”: Perspectives on Intervention Decision-Making Processes of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Finke ◽  
Kathryn Drager ◽  
Elizabeth C. Serpentine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Interview Methodology ◽  
Communication Interventions

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to understand the decision-making processes used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related to communication-based interventions. Method Qualitative interview methodology was used. Data were gathered through interviews. Each parent had a child with ASD who was at least four-years-old; lived with their child with ASD; had a child with ASD without functional speech for communication; and used at least two different communication interventions. Results Parents considered several sources of information for learning about interventions and provided various reasons to initiate and discontinue a communication intervention. Parents also discussed challenges introduced once opinions of the school individualized education program (IEP) team had to be considered. Conclusions Parents of children with ASD primarily use individual decision-making processes to select interventions. This discrepancy speaks to the need for parents and professionals to share a common “language” about interventions and the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Certain Inclusion Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
S.A. Morozov ◽  
S.S. Morozova ◽  
T.I. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Inclusion Process ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Autistic Disorders

The term “Inclusion” is not identical to the concepts of “Inclusive education”, which is much wider. The educational system of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Russia is only developing and the focus on inclusion is a great achievement. Inclusive education in autistic disorders is a special case. The most difficulties in organizing of inclusion of children with ASD caused by main symptoms — communication and social interaction disorders, repeated stereotypical patterns of behavior, interests and activities. After all, these symptoms create a special development situation that makes necessary to solve the following problems: improving the organization of the inclusive process, feasibility and possibility of inclusion process. Typical difficulties faced by domestic and foreign experts reviewed, for example: increased social anxiety in children, lack of trained personnel, and lack of diagnostic in children. Emphasized that the success of inclusion process depends on several things: the readiness for inclusion of the child with autism, the readiness of the environment where inclusion carried out, the level of its tolerance and, finally, the competence of psychological and pedagogical staff. The age of the child and the environment plays a large role: ceteris paribus, the early onset of inclusion contributes to the stability of inclusive readiness of the environment.

scholarly journals Inquiry-based learning to improve student engagement in a large first year topic

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha Smallhorn ◽  
Jeanne Young ◽  
Narelle Hunter ◽  
Karen Burke da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Choice Exam ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the opportunity for students to be involved in inquiry-based activities can improve engagement with content and assist in the development of analysis and critical thinking skills. The science laboratory has traditionally been used as a platform to apply the content gained through the lecture series. These activities have exposed students to experiments which test the concepts taught but which often result in a predicted outcome. To improve the engagement and learning outcomes of our large first year biology cohort, the laboratories were redeveloped. Superlabs were run with 100 students attending weekly sessions increasing the amount of contact time from previous years. Laboratories were redeveloped into guided-inquiry and educators facilitated teams of students to design and carry out an experiment. To analyse the impact of the redevelopment on student satisfaction and learning outcomes, students were surveyed and multiple choice exam data was compared before and after the redevelopment. Results suggest high levels of student satisfaction and a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. All disciplines should consider including inquiry-based activities as a methodology to improve student engagement and learning outcome as it fosters the development of independent learners. 

Offline vs online problem-based learning: a case study of student engagement and learning outcomes

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kristianto ◽  
Linda Gandajaya
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Related

Purpose Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to compare the student engagement and the learning outcomes in offline and online PBL in the aforementioned course. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in various sectors, including education. Since it was first announced in mid-March 2020 in Indonesia, teaching and learning activities have been carried out online. In this study, a comparison of the offline (Spring 2019, prior to the pandemic) and online (Spring 2021, during the pandemic) problem-based learning (PBL) method in the sustainable chemical industry course is investigated. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring the students’ engagement, course-learning outcomes (CLOs) and student learning outcomes (SLOs). Difference tests of engagement score, CLOs and SLOs were investigated by using the t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Furthermore, the perceived students’ stressors were measured. Findings It is found that the students’ engagement in offline and online PBL gives similar scores with no significant difference. This is possible because of the PBL structure that demands students to be actively engaged in gaining knowledge, collaboratively working in teams and interacting with other students and lecturers. Although similarly engaged, the CLOs and SLOs of online PBL are significantly lower than offline PBL, except for SLO related to oral and written communication skills and affective aspect. The decrease in CLOs and SLOs could be influenced by students’ academic, psychological and health-related stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic time. Originality/value This study provides a recommendation to apply online PBL during the COVID-19 pandemic time and beyond, although some efforts to improve CLOs and SLOs are needed.

The paradox of student engagement and policy-led measures of teaching excellence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Pickup
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Teaching Excellence ◽  
National Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

The level of student engagement is often seen as an indicator of quality in discourses concerning the higher-education student experience.  This opinion piece explores the inherent tensions in promoting and facilitating student engagement within the evolving Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) landscape.  Many institutions expend energy - and in some cases significant resource - upon the development of student-engagement projects, whether through ‘partnership’, ‘change agent’ or ‘producer’ models.   But what happens when the level of student engagement is high, yet runs in direct opposition to the form of student engagement best suited to blunt measures of ‘quality’ within prevailing policy frameworks?    The TEF, with its reliance on National Student Survey (NSS) data, assumes that engaged students will comply with requirements to complete a survey without critiquing the principles on which the survey and its central link to the TEF-based judgement of teaching quality are founded. The present National Union of Students boycott of the NSS is provided as an example of student engagement that runs counter to the intentions of national policy and to some institutional necessities. In the face of such challenges, institutions could decide to eschew their commitment to student engagement. However, a strengthening of commitment to student engagement is called for, in keeping with constructivist approaches to teaching and learning and in valuing the worth of reflexive deliberations of all those involved – including those who express dissatisfaction. 

Teacher-Reported Priorities and Practices for Students With Autism: Characterizing the Research-to-Practice Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Brock ◽  
Jaclyn M. Dynia ◽  
Scott A. Dueker ◽  
Mary A. Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Broad Consensus ◽  
Research To Practice Gap

Despite broad consensus that a research-to-practice gap exists in the education of students with autism, the extent of this gap has not been well studied. We surveyed 99 teachers in Ohio about their highest priority goals for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), their approach for addressing these goals, the degree to which students had made progress, and barriers to student progress. Only half of all teachers described an approach that included any evidence-based practice (EBP). Teachers often reported inadequate progress on Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals, and that identifying and implementing effective intervention practices were barriers to progress. We found some alignment between the outcomes prioritized by teachers and those measured by researchers in the literature, although teachers more highly prioritized academic and cognitive outcomes.

Stability of Variables Derived From Measures of Multisensory Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacie Dunham ◽  
Jacob I. Feldman ◽  
Yupeng Liu ◽  
Margaret Cassidy ◽  
Julie G. Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mcgurk Effect ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Listening In Noise ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display differences in multisensory function as quantified by several different measures. This study estimated the stability of variables derived from commonly used measures of multisensory function in school-aged children with ASD. Participants completed: a simultaneity judgment task for audiovisual speech, tasks designed to elicit the McGurk effect, listening-in-noise tasks, electroencephalographic recordings, and eye-tracking tasks. Results indicate the stability of indices derived from tasks tapping multisensory processing is variable. These findings have important implications for measurement in future research. Averaging scores across repeated observations will often be required to obtain acceptably stable estimates and, thus, to increase the likelihood of detecting effects of interest, as it relates to multisensory processing in children with ASD.

Unprotected freezing of human spermatozoa exerts a detrimental effect on their oocyte activating capacity and chromosome integrity

Zygote ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Rybouchkin ◽  
Paul De Sutter ◽  
Marc Dhont
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Chromosome Integrity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

SummaryThe influence of unprotected freezing of mammalian spermatozoa on their oocyte activating capacity and chromosome integrity is unknown. However, this type of sperm treatment has been used in assisted reproduction by intracytoplasmic sperm injection in cattle and humans. The mouse oocyte injection test was used to analyse the influence of unprotected freezing of human spermatozoa on their reproductive characteristics. Mouse oocytes were microinjected with intact human spermatozoa or spermatozoa treated with two cycles of unprotected freeze-thawing. Oocytes surviving the injection were either cultured without further treatment or exposed to ethanol solution to induce parthenogenetic activation. Both injected and activated oocytes were used for sperm chromosome analysis. The results revealed a significant reduction in oocyte activating capacity and a tenfold increase in the incidence of structural chromosomal abnormalities in human spermatozoa treated by unprotected freezing. We conclude that unprotected freezing of human spermatozoa has a detrimental effect on their reproductive characteristics. Our data also provide a new perspective on the stability of mammalian spermatozoa to physical factors and demonstrate the importance of detailed analysis of the stability of sperm structures for successful development of new approaches in assisted reproduction.

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