Ignorantia juris non excusat: The trial and the affirmation of the Italian legal thriller

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-543
Author(s):  
Francesco Bratos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unique Style

The complex relationship between literature and law has been widely debated. Over the last 20 years, the judicial novel has been the subject of renewed consideration from critics. Numerous studies have pointed out how literary and judicial practices seem characterized by common methods of narrative organization and communication of experiences. Beyond the controversy on the classification of the judicial novel as literary genre, the representation of courtrooms has undeniably become one of the recurring tropes of the 20th-century novel. Within this multifaceted literary movement, the unique style of Italian judiciary literature warrants its articulation as a distinct genre. The working hypothesis of this article is that the political and cultural centrality acquired by the Italian Magistratura, as result of a longstanding confrontation with the political powers, is essential in studying the success of the Italian judiciary novel, together with the emergence of a vast number of jurist-writers. Analyzing specifically the work of the jurist-writer Gianrico Carofiglio, I will demonstrate how the Italian legal thriller transforms the representation of the trial, dealing with the literary tradition as well as with law’s own representation.

Introduction to Special Issue: Matters of classification and representation: Quantifying ethnicity, religion and migration introduction

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Supik ◽  
Riem Spielhaus
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Political Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Migration

In addition to serving as an introduction to the subject, this paper suggests a conceptual framework for the investigation of issues of classification and quantification related to migration and the ethnically and religiously diverse societies in Europe. Nationality, ethnicity and religion are situational, contextual and dynamic social phenomena which tend to defy rigid classification, making it especially difficult to capture and quantify these entities in order to organize and represent them in an intelligible manner in official statistics (e.g. censuses), institutional governing practices or in academic survey research. By drawing on previous work by demographers and social researchers, we suggest a typological classification of ways in which diverse populations become statistically visible or invisible. We show that the rationale for creating classifications and particular sets of categories changes, depending on the political field in which data are used in the governance of populations and migration. A science studies perspective can make these diverse taxonomies the object of studies to understand how they are embedded within, and how they sustain, power relations. By focusing on practices of classification as instruments of research and governance, this special issue contributes to a reflection on the conditions and effects of quantifying practices in culturally diverse and constantly changing societies, in which the line between government and academia, between power and knowledge, is frequently indistinct.

scholarly journals Nada de humanidad: El mundo animal de la posguerra española

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Tun
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Carmen Laforet ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

La novela de Carmen Laforet Nada es uno de los grandes ejemplos del tremendismo español del siglo XX la cual retrata las duras y sombrías realidades de la guerra civil y la postguerra. No obstante, quienes han analizado esta obra han dejado pasar el uso de la animalización como un recurso utilizado en esta obra para poner en primer plano el contexto degradante y bestial de la sociedad española de la posguerra. Esta investigación ve a la animalización como una técnica literaria que concede atributos de animales a los seres humanos con el fin de hacer hincapié en que tanto el hombre y los animales viven en un mundo deshumanizante donde la supervivencia es el principal objetivo. Mientras que es un aspecto muy integral de la tradición literaria, la técnica de la animalización ha eludido la investigación académica en numerosos niveles. En este ensayo se teorizan las expresiones literarias de formas animales y sus conexiones con personajes humanos con el fin de ilustrar que este mundo dominado por instintos animales y la falta de facultades humanas es precisamente el producto de su propio contexto social e histórico degradante. Carmen Laforet’s novel Nada is one of the leading examples of the 20th century Spanish literary movement tremendismo that portrays the harsh, grim realities of civil war and its aftermath. Scholars have failed to recognize, however, the novel’s use of animalization as a technique that brings to the forefront the degrading and bestial context of postwar Spanish society. This research conceives animalization as the literary device that grants animal attributes to humans in order to emphasize that both man and animal inhabit a dehumanizing world where the main objective is survival. While a highly integral aspect of literary tradition, the technique of animalization has evaded scholarly inquiry on numerous levels. This essay theorizes the literary expressions of animal forms and their connections with human characters in order to illustrate that this animalized world dominated by instincts and the lack of human faculties is precisely the product of its very own degrading social and historic context.

scholarly journals Peronism as a model of social and political development: The modern Argentinian myth

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-159
Author(s):  
Zoran Krstic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Social Development Model ◽  
Juan Domingo Peron ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Scene

The subject of the analysis in this paper is the study of the emergence and evolution of the phenomenon of Peronism as the most important political movement and ideology in Argentina and perhaps in Latin America throughout the 20th century. The basic aim of this paper is to present Peronism as a political movement and model of development which emerged during the rule of Juan Domingo Peron in the mid-20th century. This movement continued to exist and last after Peron?s demission from the political scene. In recent history Peronism became something more significant than a political movement or a social development model. Because of that, Peronism can be characterized as a myth. Nowadays, Perosnism is one of the crucial factors in the socio-economic and cultural development in Argentina. The focus of research in this paper is on the presentation and explication of the notions/topics concerning Peron, his movement and rule. These ones are populism, presidentialism and personalisation of power. Also, this paper will analyse the conditions, facts and circumstances under which Peronism emerged and survived in spite of many critics and disputes in the scientific literature as well in the Argentinian politics and society.

scholarly journals Unsupervised Clustering of Hyperspectral Paper Data Using t-SNE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Binu Melit Devassy ◽  
Sony George ◽  
Peter Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Systems ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Clustering Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Non Destructive

For a suspected forgery that involves the falsification of a document or its contents, the investigator will primarily analyze the document’s paper and ink in order to establish the authenticity of the subject under investigation. As a non-destructive and contactless technique, Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is gaining popularity in the field of forensic document analysis. HSI returns more information compared to conventional three channel imaging systems due to the vast number of narrowband images recorded across the electromagnetic spectrum. As a result, HSI can provide better classification results. In this publication, we present results of an approach known as the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm, which we have applied to HSI paper data analysis. Even though t-SNE has been widely accepted as a method for dimensionality reduction and visualization of high dimensional data, its usefulness has not yet been evaluated for the classification of paper data. In this research, we present a hyperspectral dataset of paper samples, and evaluate the clustering quality of the proposed method both visually and quantitatively. The t-SNE algorithm shows exceptional discrimination power when compared to traditional PCA with k-means clustering, in both visual and quantitative evaluations.

Spices and Silk: Aspects of World Trade in the First Seven Centuries of the Christian Era

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Loewe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Major Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Subject

The earliest steps that led to the exchange of ideas, skills, and material goods between the cultures of the East and the West will probably never be more than a matter of surmise; but the literary and archaeological sources of information that start as a slender trickle at the beginning of the Christian era soon develop into a mighty stream and disclose a tale of human endeavour and ingenuity which few historians can fail to find fascinating and stimulating. During the last half-century or so dedicated scholars such as Pelliot have devoted their major research efforts to the meticulous consideration of the minutiae involved in the subject; and, more recently, Joseph Needham has contrived both to continue the work of such predecessors and to draw some of the major conclusions that are the fruits of basic research conducted in several disciplines. Probably the full story of these exchanges can never be told; for the evidence is sadly deficient; balanced inferences that rely on information gathered from both East and West are rarely possible; and, maddeningly enough, the political restrictions of the 20th century now prevent the application of the modern techniques of archaeology, geography, and anthropology in areas where they are most likely to be successful.

scholarly journals Psychiatry at the end of the 20th century

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Heimann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

SummaryThe political role psychiatry plays in mental health strategies in the 20th century is discussed as well as the dangers of abuse when totalitarian ideologies rule supreme. The author comments on positive developments in the sectors of applied psychiatry and psychotherapy after World War II and the implementation of uniform requirements for the classification of psychopathological disorders as well as their limitations. Psychiatry as a scientific discipline relies on two fundaments: the conclusions drawn from the collective, present and past experience of psychiatric medicine and the impulses given by neighbouring disciplines such as neurobiology, psychology and sociology. These influences are necessary for the advancement of psychiatry, but can be restrictive in that they lead to tunnel vision by giving simple explanations for mental disorders of complex or unknown etiology. A multidimensional approach is required for the elaboration of adequate therapies and research must avoid dogmatism and short-sightedness.

1. Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Llewelyn Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Roman Poetry

'Introduction: P. Ovidius Naso' provides a background to the poetry of Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, describing the political circumstances of his life, a momentous shift from civil war to autocracy, and his own elevated social origins in the Italian elite. Ovid inherited a rich literary tradition and the conventions of genre and metre of Roman poetry. Contemporary poets such as Propertius, Horace, and Virgil, had a huge influence on Ovid, as did the earlier Greek poet Callimachus. There are many important themes in the story of Ovid’s life and poetry, his restless commitment to innovation, complex relationship with the emperor Augustus, and his irrepressible wit to be studied. In poetry and in life, Ovid courted controversy, which both brought him celebrity and contributed to the banishment from Rome that he suffered at the height of his popularity.

Wheatley, Phillis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Phillis Wheatley

In September 1773, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral appeared in London. Its author, Phillis Wheatley, slave to John Wheatley of Boston, thus became the first African American to publish a book. Brought to America in 1761, Wheatley had soon proved herself astonishingly precocious; she mastered English and, as Hannah Mather Crocker later recalled, “made some progress in the latin [sic].” Wheatley read the classics in translation and began writing poetry. Her book made her internationally famous and won her freedom. Nevertheless, events beyond her control—including the death of many friends and patrons, and the chaos caused by the American Revolution—plunged the young (and now free) poet into poverty. Marriage to John Peters did not provide long-lasting financial security. According to 19th-century sources, Wheatley bore, and lost, three infant children, but no records exist of any births, baptisms, or deaths. In 1784, Wheatley died alone (Peters may have been in prison for debt), and an unmarked grave received her. The poet’s surviving canon consists of about sixty-five poems and about two dozen letters. Many other poems are now lost, yet Wheatley’s importance is enormous. Praised by some as a writer of genius, a worthy Mother of the African American literary tradition, Wheatley has also been excoriated for not demonstrating sufficient racial pride or fighting hard enough for abolition. In the late 20th century, critics began to re-evaluate her work, and in the early 21st century, Wheatley is regarded as worthy of her place in American letters—a woman who detested tyranny; a writer keenly attuned to the political, racial, and spiritual movements of her times; and an influence on the Romantic poets who followed her.

scholarly journals Diary in modern Ukrainian literature: varieties of the genre

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Yanina I. Kulinska ◽  
Olena I. Koval ◽  
Olga A. Redkina ◽  
Nina V. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
General Classification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative

Diary literature was of interest to Ukrainian literary critics and literary critics from other countries in different years, but still most scientific studies occur in the mid-20th century. In Ukraine, the diary has been on the side-lines of the literary process for the past two decades. And only the turning points of historical events – the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian-Ukrainian war in eastern Ukraine – returned the genre to active public circulation: without exception, all the diaries of 2014-2020 were created during the crisis period, social upheavals. The relevance of the subject is explained by the need to use the latest practices to comprehend modern Ukrainian literature and, in particular, the diary genre as one of the components of modern military prose. The purpose of the study was to perform a thorough analysis of army diaries published during 2014-2020, study their genre nature, determine their distinctive features and create their general classification. Among the main methods for processing diary texts were historical-biographical, comparative historical, comparative, structural-narratological, interdisciplinary, as well as elements of hermeneutical, intertextual methods, text and discourse analysis, etc. The study presented a thorough analysis and suggested a new classification of the modern diary genre.

The ‘Ulama and the Religio-Political Developments in Modern India

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Rizwan Malik
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The Political ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is not an exercise in or a contribution to the ongoing debatein the Muslim world about the nature of the relationship between Islamicprinciples and Western statecraft, or the inseparability of spiritual and profanein a Muslim state. While all these issues are in one way or another relevantto the subject under discussion here, they do not form its core. This paperhas two major objectives. The first is to attempt to analyze how the ’ulamaviewed political developments in the late 19th and early 20th century in India.The second, equally important but only indirectly touched on in this paper(and the two are interrelated), is an investigation into whether it was Islamicreligious issues or the presence of the British that engrossed the attentionof the ‘ulama.This is essential if one is to understand the nature of the ‘ulama’sparticipation in the formative phase of religio-political developments in 19thand 20th century Indian Islam, and in particular, its impact in later yearson the interaction between the ’ulama and the Muslim League. It is in relationto both these objectives that a great deal of analysis-both from objectiveand polemical points of view-regarding the nature and content of the roleof the ‘ulama in politics suffers from a great degree of biases and confusion.Before discussing the political role of the Indian ‘ulama, it is necessaryto observe that it would be wrong to think of the ‘ulama in terms of an “estate”within the Muslim community or to assume that the ‘ulama were, as a body,capable of generating a joint political will. The reason for ‘ulama to takeso long to appear on the political horizon of India was one of principle andexpediency, that stopped the ’ulama from hurling futiiwa of condemnationat the East India Company when it eventually superseded Mughal power inIndia. Until 1790, penal justice in Bengal continued to be dispensed underthe revised Shari’ah forms of Aurengzeb’s time. In the sphere of civil law, ...

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