Coming of age in a conflict area: Mental health, education, employment, migration and family formation in the southernmost provinces of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ford ◽  
Aree Jampaklay ◽  
Aphichat Chamratrithirong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

Objectives: Three southern provinces of Thailand – Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat – have been involved in a long period of unrest. Young people in these provinces have lived with this violence for many years. The objectives of this article are to assess the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of young adults aged 18–24 years and to examine the perceived effects of the conflict on education, employment, social and religious life. Methods: Data were drawn from a probability sample of 2,053 Muslim adults aged 18–59 years conducted in 2014. Mental health was assessed using World Health Organization’s (WHO) Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) of 20 questions, the Thai Mental Health questionnaire and a Happiness scale. In-depth interviews with 30 respondents were also used to assess the perceived effects of the conflict on daily life, education, employment and settlement. Results: Most respondents reported low levels of psychiatric symptoms, though a small proportion reported a large high enough number to be of concern. Most of them also reported high levels of happiness. Respondents who wished to migrate to work in another area reported more psychiatric symptoms and lower levels of happiness. Many respondents reported concerns about the violence in their daily lives, although some may have become habituated to its effects. There were many obstacles reported toward obtaining education including the threat of violence, financial cost and drug use. Male respondents had concerns about consequences of being suspected to be involved in the violence and drug use. The limited employment and the threat of violence were related to the plan to migrate or to settle in the three provinces. Conclusion: In summary, most young people in the area move forward with their lives and many display some habituation to the violence. However, the economic depression due to the violence and the threat of violence often affected their daily lives.

Mental health in a conflict area: Migration, economic stress and religiosity in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ford ◽  
Aree Jampaklay ◽  
Aphichat Chamratrithirong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thai Government ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Aim: Three southern provinces of Thailand, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat, have been involved in a long period of unrest due to differences between the population in the provinces and the Thai government with regard to language, culture and governance. The objectives of this article are to examine the effects of everyday stressors due to the conflict, including economic stress and migration, as well as the effect of religiosity on the reporting of psychiatric symptoms among adults in the three provinces. Methods: Data were drawn from a survey conducted in 2014. The survey included a probability sample of 2,053 Muslim adults aged 18–59 years.Mental health was assessed using World Health Organization’s (WHO) Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) of 20 questions. Multilevel models were estimated to examine the influence of economic stress due to the conflict, as well as community and individual aspects of migration and religion on mental health. Results: The data showed that migration from the household and the community and the economic effects of the unrest were associated with reporting of more psychiatric symptoms among adults in the southern provinces. Religion was related to reporting of fewer psychiatric symptoms at the individual and the community levels. Conclusion: The study documented increased reporting of psychiatric symptoms among persons reporting perceived household economic stress due to the conflict and the migration of family members.

Psychiatric symptoms among migrants to Malaysia from the southernmost provinces of Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402198973
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ford ◽  
Aree Jampaklay ◽  
Aphichat Chamatrithirong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Migrant Groups

Aim: The objective of this paper is to examine the level of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors among Thai migrants from the southernmost Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narithiwat who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons will be made with the sending population in the southernmost provinces of Thailand. Methods: Data are drawn from survey and in-depth interviews with Thai migrants who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons are made with a probability sample of working age adults in Thailand. The twenty item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was the measure of mental health. Results: The study found that the migrants, on average, have normal levels of psychiatric symptoms. However, although about 24% of migrants reported more eight or more symptoms that may indicate a need for evaluation. There are many stressors in their lives including distance from families, reduced social support, legal matters surrounding immigration, and discrimination/exploitation of migrant groups. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants’ mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.

scholarly journals Mental Health Provision in UK Secondary Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12222
Author(s):  
Megan Garside ◽  
Barry Wright ◽  
Roshanak Nekooi ◽  
Victoria Allgar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Health Questionnaire

Research reports high levels of mental health problems faced by young people in the UK. Schools provide a range of mental health support services, although these are often not robustly evaluated. This paper aims to explore the mental health provision of secondary schools across two large regions in the North of England and provide comparisons to the mental health questionnaire scores of their pupils. Results are part of a wider study providing an overview of the mental health of secondary school pupils. Measures include the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, distributed to year 8, 9, and 11 pupils attending secondary schools and a bespoke mental health service provision questionnaire for school staff at the same schools. A total of 6328 pupil questionnaires and 36 staff questionnaires were returned from 21 schools. Results showed a non-significant correlation between provision and young people’s mental health scores and highlight a range of factors to take into consideration. There is a need to improve the evaluation and recording of school-based mental health provision. Mental health difficulties in young people are prevalent in schools. Future research is needed to elucidate which types of services are most helpful in preventing, supporting, and signposting those with mental health problems.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic- knowledge, perception, anxiety and depression among frontline doctors of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridah Amin ◽  
Salman Sharif ◽  
Rabeeya Saeed ◽  
Noureen Durrani ◽  
Daniyal Jilani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a global pandemic and has become a major public health burden worldwide. With already fragile healthcare systems it can have long lasting effects in developing countries. Outbreaks especially a pandemic situation evokes fear related behaviors among healthcare professionals and there is always an increased risk of mental health disorders. Therefore, this study aims to determine knowledge and perception about this pandemic, prevalence and factors associated with anxiety/depression among frontline physicians of Pakistan. Methods Data were collected through an online survey released in the last week of March-2020. 389 frontline physicians from all four provinces and 65 cities of Pakistan participated. Survey questionnaire consisted of 4 parts including informed consent section, demographic section, knowledge and perception about COVID-19 pandemic and assessment of depression through World Health Organization Self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). A score of 8 or above on SRQ-20 was used as cut-off to label the participant as depressed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version22. Results A 43% prevalence of anxiety/depression among frontline physicians of Pakistan was reported. Almost all the doctors had moderate to high knowledge score. Majority of participants marked N-95 mask as “essential” during aerosol generating procedures, assessing patients with respiratory symptoms, in COVID patient-care area, ER triage and direct care of COVID-19 patient. Only 12% of the doctors were fully satisfied with the provision of PPEs and almost 94% felt unprotected. In multivariable model, assessing more than five COVID suspects/day (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.65–4.52), working 20 h/week or less (aOR = 2.11, 1.27–3.49), having children among household members (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00–2.50) and moderate to low knowledge of the infection (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68–4.31) were found to be independent predictors of anxiety/depression among physicians. Conclusion Anxiety/depression among more than a third of frontline doctors of Pakistan warrants the need to address mental health of doctors caring for patients during this pandemic; control modifiable factors associated with it and explore the effectiveness of interventions to promote psychological well-being of physicians.

scholarly journals A rapid review investigating the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of young people aged 12–25 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. O’Reilly ◽  
M. Tibbs ◽  
A. Booth ◽  
E. Doyle ◽  
B. McKeague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Young People ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract Objectives: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Adolescence and early adulthood are peak times for the onset of mental health difficulties. Exposure to a pandemic during this vulnerable developmental period places young people at significant risk of negative psychological experiences. The objective of this research was to summarise existing evidence on the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of 12–25 year olds. Methods: A rapid review of the published peer-reviewed literature, published between 1985 and 2020, using PsycINFO (Proquest) and Medline (Proquest) was conducted. Narrative synthesis was used across studies to identify key themes and concepts. Results: This review found 3,359 papers, which was reduced to 12 papers for data extraction. Results regarding the prevalence of psychological difficulties in youth were mixed, with some studies finding this group experience heightened distress during an infectious disease outbreak, and others finding no age differences or higher distress among adults. Gender, coping, self-reported physical health and adoption of precautionary measures appear to play a role in moderating the psychological impact of an infectious disease outbreak. Most studies were conducted after the peak of an epidemic/pandemic or in the recovery period. Conclusions: More longitudinal research with young people, particularly adolescents in the general population, before and during the early stages of an infectious disease outbreak is needed to obtain a clear understanding of how best to support young people during these events.

Barriers to care and psychopathology among Bolivian migrants living in São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Lineth Hiordana Ugarte Bustamante ◽  
Raphael Oliveira Cerqueira ◽  
Fernanda De Marzio ◽  
Keila Pereira Leite ◽  
Thatiane Dal Picolo Cadurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Barriers To Care ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

The objective of this study was to investigate barriers to appropriate mental health care in a sample of Bolivian migrants living in São Paulo and to examine the association between barriers of care and the presence of symptoms of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in this population. Considering that treatment usually reduces symptoms, it could be hypothesized that individuals reporting more barriers to care also will report more symptoms. The sample comprised 104 individuals born in Bolivia, with Bolivian nationality and living in São Paulo for at least 30 days prior to enrolling in the study, between 18 and 80 years of age and able to read and write in Spanish or Portuguese. The symptoms of mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and barriers to appropriate mental health care were evaluated using the Barriers to Assessing Care Evaluation (BACE). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive effect of the BACE total score (independent variable) in the SRQ-20 score (dependent variable), including in the model, and the variables that were significantly correlated with the BACE total score or SRQ-20. Our results indicate that more than a half of the sample of Bolivian migrants living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, especially females, presented significant non-psychotic psychopathology. Individuals reporting more barriers to care, especially instrumental and attitudinal barriers, also have a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms, independently of sex, age and family income. Our results suggest that actions to increase availability of mental health services, especially culturally sensitive services, could reduce barriers to care and improve mental health among migrants.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity among the patients with acne Vulgaris in a tertiary care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-778
Author(s):  
Fahmida Ahmed ◽  
Anwar Husain ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Mohd Nurul Alam ◽  
Muhammad Ayaaz Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which has a high prevalence among adolescence and young adults. Although acne does not cause direct physical impairment, it can produce a significant psychosocial burden. As the face is almost always the site of involvement of acne, its presence can alter one’s perception of body image. Increased levels of anxiety, anger, depression, and frustration are also observed in patients with acne. Acne affects social, vocational, and academic performance of teenagers & young adult. Objective: To identify socio-demographic profile and to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity in patients with acne vulgaris in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to December 2017 among the patients of acne vulgaris attending outpatient department of Dermatology in Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Purposive sampling technique was used. The sample size of the study was 181. Data were collected by using semi structured socio-demographic questionnaire and the SRQ to screen psychiatric symptoms. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), is a psychiatric case finding instrument, was developed by World Health Organization (WHO) to screen for psychiatric disturbance especially among developing countries. The data obtained was collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), for windows version 20. Results: Study was conducted on 181patients comprising 135(74.6%) were female & 46(25.4%) were male. Age group between 16 to 22 years carried maximum incidence 100(55.2%). Among the patients Psychiatric morbidity was found in86(48%) of the study population. Psychiatric morbidity was found more in young and females patients. Among the types of psychiatric morbidity Anxiety disorders were 57(66.3%) & Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) was 29(33.7%).Anxiety disorders were included social phobia (26.7%), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (18.6%), panic disorder (14%) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)(7%). Conclusion: Patients with acne vulgaris in whom psychiatric morbidity is present, should be routinely evaluated and their psychiatric morbidity need to be treated adequately for maximize their health. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.773-778

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety symptoms and substance use amongst sex workers attending a non-governmental organisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Vinola Poliah ◽  
Saeeda Paruk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

Background: Sex work is a high-risk occupation for mental health problems as sex workers are vulnerable to high rates of violence, sexual coercion, stigma and HIV. Aim: To determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use in sex workers.Method: A crosssectional questionnaire survey of all men and women attending the Sisonke health initiative, a non-profit non-governmental organisation (NGO), for sex workers was conducted over three months. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3.0) were administered. Results: A total of 155 participants were surveyed. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the SRQ 20 and PHQ 9 total scores were 78.4% and 80.9% respectively. Some 40% of sex workers reported suicidal ideation in the year preceding the study. High rates of violence (n = 112, 72%) and childhood abuse (n = 107, 69%) were reported. The prevalence of HIV was 76.1%. The lifetime prevalence of substance use for nicotine (87.8%), alcohol (87.8%) and cannabis (87.7%) was high. Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms reported, only 15 (9.7%) participants were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of the survey. Conclusions: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use and co-morbid HIV infection reported by sex workers and the significant treatment gap suggests an urgent need to provide an integrated health service that targets physical and mental health in sex workers. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247

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