Sustainable composites: Processing of coir fibres and application in hybrid-fibre composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (15) ◽  
pp. 1947-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Ciccarelli ◽  
Frederik Cloppenburg ◽  
Sangeetha Ramaswamy ◽  
Stepan V Lomov ◽  
Aart Van Vuure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Hybrid Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Composite Product ◽  
Composites Processing ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites

Coir fibres, a byproduct of the coconut industry, have high performance qualities but are difficult to process by conventional textile methods. The purpose of the research is to combine the processibility of hemp and flax with the high-performance properties of coir to create a composite product worthy of industrial applications. The evaluation of coir fibre-reinforced composites focuses on the processibility of the coir fibre into a nonwoven, how well it interfaces with polylactic acid and an analysis of how the mechanical properties of the final product change when mixing coir with hemp and flax. The results show that the hybrid samples outperformed most of the researched values for coir composites, despite the reduced properties of control samples as in comparable research. Adding just 10% of either flax or hemp dramatically increased the mechanical properties compared to the pure coir–polylactic acid composite.

scholarly journals Fabrication of high-performance green hemp/polylactic acid fibre composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501983449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Xu ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Qignqing Ni ◽  
Fangtao Ruan ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Hemp Fibres ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Forming Temperature

In this study, a novel compound lamination technique was applied to improve the mechanical properties of hemp fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composites. Polylactic acid fibres were blended with hemp fibres in a specific weight ratio in order to produce needled mats. Then, sections of the needled mat were stacked with several polylactic acid resin layers on either side, then formed hemp/polylactic acid composites through hot-pressing. The tensile and flexural properties of hemp/polylactic acid composites were tested according to ASTM standards. A multi-factor orthogonal analytical approach was adopted to discuss the effect of factors such as the hybrid ratio, forming temperature and pressure on mechanical properties of the developed green composites. The adhesion between the fibres and the matrix in the fracture surfaces and the thermal stability of the produced composites were observed via scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The component analysis of composites was conducted by infrared spectra for confirming the contribution of polylactic acid. The results showed that adhesion between fibres and matrix was enhanced, as well as mechanical properties also improved, especially the tensile strength and flexural properties were obviously improved by utilizing this novel compounding technique.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the influence of design in the mechanical properties of honeycomb cores used in composite panels

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072098519
Author(s):  
A Miranda ◽  
M Leite ◽  
L Reis ◽  
E Copin ◽  
MF Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing

The aerospace, automotive, and marine industries are heavily reliant on sandwich panels with cellular material cores. Although honeycombs with hexagonal cells are the most commonly used geometries as cores, recently there have been new alternatives in the design of lightweight structures. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of metallic and polymeric honeycomb structures, with configurations recently proposed and different in-plane orientations, produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. Structures with configurations such as regular hexagonal honeycomb (Hr), lotus (Lt), and hexagonal honeycomb with Plateau borders (Pt), with 0°, 45°, and 90° orientations were analyzed. To evaluate its properties, three-point bending tests were performed, both experimentally and by numerical modeling, by means of the finite element method. Honeycombs of two aluminum alloys and polylactic acid were fabricated. The structures produced in aluminum were obtained either by selective laser melting technology or by machining, while polylactic acid structures were obtained by material extrusion using fused filament fabrication. From the stress distribution analysis and the load–displacement curves, it was possible to evaluate the strength, stiffness, and absorbed energy of the structures. Failure modes were also analyzed for polylactic acid honeycombs. In general, a strong correlation was observed between numerical and experimental results. The results show that the stiffness and absorbed energy increase in the order, Hr, Pt, Lt, and with the orientation through the sequence, 45°, 90°, 0°. Thus, Lt structures with 0° orientation seem to be good alternatives to the traditional honeycombs used in sandwich composite panels for those industrial applications where low weight, high stiffness, and large energy-absorbing capacity are required.

Flexural, Tensile and Impact Properties of Alkali Treated Coir Fibre Composites Prepared by Compression Molding Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
G. Godwin ◽  
K. Umanath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Coconut Fibre

Polymeric materials reinforced with synthetic fibres such as glass provide advantage of high stiffness and high strength to weight ratio. Despite these advantages, the widespread use of synthetic fibre-reinforced polymer composite has a tendency to decline because of their high-initial cost and most importantly their adverse environmental impact. In this work, four different composites are prepared with untreated coconut fibres, NaOH mercerized coconut fibres, KOH mercerized coconut fibres and CSM glass fibres. A lot of studies are done earlier on NaOH mercerized coconut fibre composites. But, no studies are done specifically for KOH mercerized coconut fibre composites. So, KOH mercerized coconut fibre composites are prepared in this study. General purpose polyester resin is used for preparing all the compsites. The mechanical properties of composites are studied using the flexural test, impact test and tensile test. The mechanical properties of KOH mercerized coconut fibre composites are studied and compared with the mechanical properties of NaOH mercerized coconut fibre composites, untreated coconut fibre composites and CSM glass fibre composites.

scholarly journals Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties after Industrial Scale ECAP of an Al 6060 Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Frint ◽  
Matthias Hockauf ◽  
T. Halle ◽  
G. Strehl ◽  
Thomas Lampke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Cross Sectional

Future applications of ultrafine-grained, high performance materials produced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) will most likely require processing on an industrial scale. There is a need for detailed microstructural and mechanical characterisation of large-scale, ECAP-processed billets. In the present study, we examine the microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of location and orientation within large (50 x 50 x 300 mm³) billets of an Al 6060 alloy produced by ECAP (90° channel angle) with different magnitudes of backpressure. The internal deformation is analysed using a grid-line method on split billets. Hardness is recorded in longitudinal and cross-sectional planes. In order to further characterise the local, post-ECAP mechanical properties, tensile tests in different layers are performed. Moreover, low voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy observations highlight relevant microstructural features. We find that the homogeneity and anisotropy of mechanical properties within the billets depend significantly on the geometry of the shear zone. We demonstrate that deformation gradients can be reduced considerably by increasing the backpressure: The opening-angle of the fan-shaped shear zone is reduced from ψ ≈ 20 ° to ψ ≈ 7 ° when the backpressure is increased from 0 to 150 MPa. Backpressures of 150 MPa result in excellent homogeneity, with a relative variation of tensile mechanical properties of less than 7 %. Our investigation demonstrates that ECAP is suitable for processing homogenous, high performance materials on a large scale, paving the way for advanced industrial applications.

Mechanical properties of natural fibre polymer composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra K. Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
To Come ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Made In

Abstract Extensive efforts have been made in the last decade for the development of natural fibre composites. This development paved the way for engineers and researchers to come up with natural fibre composites (NFCs) that exhibit better mechanical properties. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of jute, abaca, coconut, kenaf, sisal, and bamboo fibre-reinforced composites. Before selecting any NFC for a particular application, it becomes necessary to understand its compatibility for the same, which can be decided by knowing its mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. This review paper emphasises on the factors influencing the mechanical properties of NFCs like the type of matrix and fibre, interfacial adhesion, and compatibility between matrix and fibre. Efforts are also made to unveil the research gaps from the past literatures, as a result of which it is inferred that there is very limited work published in the field of vibration incorporating potential fillers such as red mud and fly ash with NFCs.

scholarly journals A Review on Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Polylactic Acid/Silica Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3036
Author(s):  
Mosab Kaseem ◽  
Zeeshan Ur Rehman ◽  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Ashish Kumar Singh ◽  
Burak Dikici
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Silica Nanocomposites ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Potential Applications

Polylactic acid (PLA)/silica composites as multifunctional high-performance materials have been extensively examined in the past few years by virtue of their outstanding properties relative to neat PLA. The fabrication methods, such as melt-mixing, sol–gel, and in situ polymerization, as well as the surface functionalization of silica, used to improve the dispersion of silica in the polymer matrix are outlined. The rheological, thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties of PLA/silica nanocomposites are highlighted. The potential applications arising from the addition of silica nanoparticles into the PLA matrix are also described. Finally, we believe that a better understanding of the role of silica additive with current improvement strategies in the dispersion of this additive in the polymer matrix is the key for successful utilization of PLA/silica nanocomposites and to maximize their fit with industrial applications needs.

Effect of Carbon Nanotube on the Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blend

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Abdul Razak Rahmat ◽  
S.Z. Mat Des ◽  
Nur Syazana Abdullah Sani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Blend Nanocomposites

Polylactic acid (PLA)/ Natural rubber (NR) in the presence of PLA grafted Maleic Anhydride (PLAGMA) as compatibilizer was prepared by the melting blend method. In attempt to achieve high performance of the blend, nanocomposites were formed by incorporating different ratio of carbon nanotube (CNT) in PLA/NR/PLAGMA blend. The effect of CNT content on mechanical properties was investigated. With increasing CNT content, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus were increased firstly and then decreased as CNT was further added. In other hand, impact strength was dropped as expected as the CNT loading was increased.

scholarly journals The Optimisation of Flax Fibre Yarns for the Development of High-Performance Natural Fibre Composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369350301200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goutianos ◽  
T. Peijs
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites

Currently most developments in the area of natural fibre reinforced composites have focused on random discontinuous fibre composite systems. The development of continuous fibre reinforced composites is, however, essential for manufacturing materials, which can be used in load-bearing/structural applications. The main problem in this case is the optimisation of the yarn to be used to manufacture the textile reinforcement. Low twisted yarns display a very low strength when tested dry in air and therefore they can not be used in processes such as pultrusion or textile manufacturing routes. On the other hand, by increasing the level of twist, a degradation of the mechanical properties is observed in impregnated yarns (e.g. unidirectional composites) similar to off-axis composites. Additionally, a high level of twist decreases the permeability of the yarns. This problem is addressed in the current work using yarns based on both long and short flax fibres.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW COST FMLs FABRICATED WITH COIR FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio C. dos Santos ◽  
Luciano M. G. Vieira ◽  
Rodrigo T. S. Freire ◽  
André L. Christoforo ◽  
Juan C.C. Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites
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