Cognitive Dissonance and the Classification of Consumer Goods

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Kaish
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Marketing Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

The theory of cognitive dissonance is one of the recently developed tools that marketing has borrowed from the behavioral sciences to investigate consumer behavior. The classification of goods into convenience, shopping, and specialty categories, on the other hand, is among the most venerable ideas in marketing literature. This article merges the two by using the theory of cognitive dissonance to give a new dimension to the classification of consumer goods. The result is a fresh set of behavioral criteria for classifying goods.

STUDY OF ORNAMENTS IN HUNTO SULTAN AMAY MOSQUE GORONTALO

ARTic ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Risti Puspita Sari Hunowu
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Existing Form ◽  
The City ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay's love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material. Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form  of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. the decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green.

scholarly journals I.—Notes on the Phylogeny of the Graptolites

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Nicholson ◽  
J. E. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Geological Magazine

Since the remarkable paper by Professor Lapworth “On an Improved Classification of the Rhabdophora” was published in the Geological Magazine for 1873, a great deal of fresh information has been gathered as to these interesting fossils; but the classification given in that paper, though to some extent confessedly artificial, is still generally adhered to. Observations made by the authors in recent years lead them to suppose that that classification will in the future undergo considerable modification; but in the present state of our knowledge it serves a purpose so useful, that it is not our intention to propose any immediate change in it. Our object, on the other hand, is to bring forward certain conclusions which we have independently reached, and which will, we believe, enhance the value of Graptolites to the stratigraphical geologist, and lead to results important to the biologist. Our conclusions are based upon an examination of a large number of forms generally referred to the family Dichograptidæ; but, as we propose very briefly to indicate, they affect the relationships of Graptolites belonging to other families also.

scholarly journals CONSUMER MISBEHAVIOR IN TOURISM MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Marta Grybś-Kabocik
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preventive Actions

The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Their need for satisfaction is the most important driver of consumer behavior with the consumer choosing how they fulfill this need. Unfortunately, consumer decisions often lead to consumer misbehavior and negative effects on the service provider or on other consumers. Consumer misbehavior is difficult to control. First, it is not always possible to prove misbehavior of a particular consumer. On the other hand, preventive actions, like social campaigns, may not always reach the target audience. Moreover, neither service provider regulations nor monitoring of infrastructure sufficiently prevents consumers from misbehaving in every case. It seems, however, that the consumers who reject the fraudulent behavior of others have a crucial role in the fight against consumer misbehavior, as they are constant observers of this phenomenon and can react immediately. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present the concept of consumer misbehavior with examples relating to the tourism market. Moreover, the attitudes of consumers towards consumer misbehavior are examined through nethnographic research.

scholarly journals Setninger I Norsk Og Polsk – Definisjoner Og Inndelinger

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Marta Olga Janik ◽  
Oliwia Szymańska ◽  
Barbara Łukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract In this article we give a brief summary of how Norwegian and Polish sentences are classified in the widely acknowledged grammar books. Therefore, we review the definitions of sentences in both languages, and compare the various classifications applied in Norwegian and Polish. Additionally, much focus is given to classification of sub clauses, which happen to be differently characterized in the respective languages. We would claim that there is a significant bias regarding features that determine classification of sub clauses in Norwegian and Polish. While in Norwegian a lot of emphasis is put on structural features, focusing on how particular units are organized within a sentence, the Polish classifications seem more semantic-oriented. As far as grammatical terms are concerned, Norwegian is featured by far more notions that might yield intransparency for a Polish learner or grammarian. On the other hand, the Norwegian classifications seem far more transparent. Due to a lack of 1-1 relation between terms used in Norwegian and Polish, we cater for this need by providing terms applicable for both languages. We believe that this may come into useful for all who try to systematize their knowledge about sentences in both languages.

scholarly journals Towards a Language-Based Typology of Church Names in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Osei Yaw Akoto ◽  
Juliet Oppong-Asare Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Only ◽  
Other Hand

Over the years, scholars have sought to provide language-based typologies of names, but while attempts have been made for some sub-branches of onomastics such as anthroponymy and toponymy, there is arguably none for ecclesionymy (the study of church names). Consequently, this paper sought to provide a language based typology of the hitherto underexplored area of church names. Data of names of churches in Ghana was built for the present study. Adopting content analysis as the analytical approach, the study realized that church names in Ghana are generally homogenous and heterogeneous linguistically. It was also realized that homogenous/unilingual church names involved English only, Akan only and Ewe only. On the other hand, the heterogeneous church names comprised two types: bilingual and trilingual church names, which contained varied language permutations from the three spheres in Osei Yaw Akoto’s classification of languages in Ghana. The paper concludes by making some recommendations for language-in-religion policy in Ghana. Keywords: Church names, Ecclesionymy, Glocal language, Unilingual

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION IN TOPONYMIC STUDIES AND THE ROLE OF ETHNOTOPONYMS IN THEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Bekhzodjon I. Zokirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Separate Form

This article examines the problems of classification of toponymy of the Uzbek people in the research conducted in the 60s of the XX century to the beginning of the XXI century and the role of ethnotoponyms as a separate classification unit. We know that toponyms also include place names formed based on the names of people, nation, tribe, ethnic group, tribe. The field of scientific and practical study of these names is called ethnotoponymy. Ethnotoponyms, on the other hand, are the name of an ethnos, that is, they are the result of the interaction of an ethnonym and a system of toponyms. In this regard, the study of ethnotoponyms as a separate form of classification unit is extremely relevant

Progenèse et Gémellité

1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turpin ◽  
M. P. Schützenberger
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hereditary Factors

SummaryUnder the name of “Progenesis” (from the prefix “pro “, in front, and of the Greek “genesis “, generation) a new conception and classification of the factors of development were proposed by R. Turpin, the progenesis grouping “the whole of the hereditary and non hereditary factors that preexist to the fecundation and that concur to the formation of the being and to its development”.This conception has the advantage of designating indifferently, to all progenitic factor, hereditary as well as non hereditary, a place marked in advance; it has the advantage of showing beside the paternal maternal factors, the characteristic progenetical factors of the couple; it has the advantage to draw the attention on factors which were before neglected (age of mother, age of father, rank of birth, sex of the preceding pregnancy, interval between pregnancies, number of pregnancies, etc.) and whose importance increases in proportion as the gathering of the facts is abundant enough to lend itself to the statistical analyses; it has lastly the advantage of leading to an etiological prevention of the congenital defects, trying to draw the most advantage from the surrounding factors, without discarding, when they are imposed by the circumstances, the possibilities brought to their right proportion of the eugenic selection.To illustrate this progenesic conception of the ontogenesis a simple example, the gemellity, deserves to be retained.If we consider the gemellity as a deviation in regard to the simple pregnancies, it constitutes at the same time the more frequent and the best registered of anomalies. It lends itself to the study of its relations with divers progenesic factors which the authors regard by turns with the complement of their personal researches : age of the progenitors, rank of the pregnancy, sex of the product of the anterior last conception.If on the other hand, we consider the gemellity itself as a progenesic factor, we can study on the development, and for instance, which the authors have done, on the rate of masculinity. This study has lead them to put in value the phenomenon of diminution of the masculinity in relation to the degree of the multiplicity of pregnancy.

scholarly journals THE CULTIVATION OF TRICHOMONAS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH (TETRATRICHOMONAS HOMINIS)

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuzo Ohira ◽  
Hideyo Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Trichomonades from the mouth were studied by Steinberg who proposed to group them into three distinct types; namely, Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata, and Trichomonas flagellata. Doflein (3) regards them as probably identical with Trichomonas hominis. Opinions differ as to whether or not Trichomonas vaginalis Donné and Trichomonas hominis Grassi are the same species. Lynch, for instance, believes that they are the same species, while von Prowazek (4), Bensen (5), and others (6, 7) insist that they are different types. Bensen's view seems to be well supported by the difference alleged to be found between the mode of encystment in the two trichomonades, were it not for the fact that our knowledge about the so called cyst of trichomonades is still obscure. According to Alexeieff (8) many of the so called cysts were evidently blastomyces contained in the cell body of the trichomonas. An autogamy alleged to take place in cysts as described by Bohne and von Prowazek (9) has not been confirmed by Dobell (10). And Wenyon (11) contends that it has never been found possible to produce any development of these cysts outside the body on the warm stage as can be done with the cysts of Entamœba coli. Therefore, it is still premature to take the process of encystment into consideration as far as the classification of trichomonas is concerned. On the other hand, Rodenwaldt (12) seems to think that there are many species of trichomonas in the human intestines, and Wenyon has described a new trichomonas from the human intestines (Macrostoma mesnili Wenyon). Further cultural studies in the morphology and biology of these organisms must be carried out in order to solve these problems. In the light of modern investigations there are five subgenera to be included under the genus Trichomonas Donné. They are as follows: (1) Protrichomonas Alexeieff, with three anterior flagella, without an undulating membrane. (2) Trichomastix Biitschli) with three anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum (Schleppgeissel) without an undulating membrane. (3) Trichomonas Donné, with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. (4) Macrostoma Alexeieff, Amend, Wenyon (11), with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane wedged in a deep groove (peristome). (5) Tetratrichomonas Parisi (13), with four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. As far as our culture trichomonas from the human mouth is concerned, it has been shown that it is not strictly a trichomonas and that it should be classed under the subgenus Tetratrichomonas.

scholarly journals Isospectral drums and simple groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850060
Author(s):  
Koen Thas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Groups ◽  
Finite Simple Groups ◽  
Planar Domains ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Isospectral Manifolds ◽  
Transplantation Technique ◽  
Rule Out

Nearly every known pair of isospectral but nonisometric manifolds — with as most famous members isospectral bounded [Formula: see text]-planar domains which makes one “not hear the shape of a drum” [M. Kac, Can one hear the shape of a drum? Amer. Math. Monthly 73(4 part 2) (1966) 1–23] — arise from the (group theoretical) Gassmann–Sunada method. Moreover, all the known [Formula: see text]-planar examples (so counter examples to Kac’s question) are constructed through a famous specialization of this method, called transplantation. We first describe a number of very general classes of length equivalent manifolds, with as particular cases isospectral manifolds, in each of the constructions starting from a given example that arises itself from the Gassmann–Sunada method. The constructions include the examples arising from the transplantation technique (and thus in particular the known planar examples). To that end, we introduce four properties — called FF, MAX, PAIR and INV — inspired by natural physical properties (which rule out trivial constructions), that are satisfied for each of the known planar examples. Vice versa, we show that length equivalent manifolds with FF, MAX, PAIR and INV which arise from the Gassmann–Sunada method, must fall under one of our prior constructions, thus describing a precise classification of these objects. Due to the nature of our constructions and properties, a deep connection with finite simple groups occurs which seems, perhaps, rather surprising in the context of this paper. On the other hand, our properties define in some sense physically irreducible pairs of length equivalent manifolds — “atoms” of general pairs of length equivalent manifolds, in that such a general pair of manifolds is patched up out of irreducible pairs — and that is precisely what simple groups are for general groups.

Oxymoronim as a Semantic Unity of Contrasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Коробкина ◽  
N. Korobkina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Stylistic Device

An oxymoronimis is considered as a reflection of linguistic duality and a result of conceptual integration. An oxymoronimas as a result of a modern word creation and an oxymoron as a well-known stylistic device are compared structurally and semantically. The key semantic sign of an oxymoronim (a unity of contrasts) is singled out. In addition to that a possible definition of this notion is stated.On the one hand a cognitive dissonance of an oxymoron is underlined, on the other hand an attention is paid on the instability, diffusion and emergence of an oxymoronim’s semantics. It is obviously possible to interpret a lexical meaning of an oxymoronim by means of the following: extralinguistic and linguistic contexts of its appearance and functioning and this nomination’ssynonymic paroemias. Uniqueness of an occasional oxymoronimis is noted for the Russian lingvoculture in view of quantitative leveling of these linguistic novelties in the communicative space of the modern English language.

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