scholarly journals The social aspects of genome editing: publics as stakeholders, populations and participants in animal research

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722199315
Author(s):  
Gail Davies ◽  
Richard Gorman ◽  
Renelle McGlacken ◽  
Sara Peres
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
The Public ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
The Social

The application of genome editing to animal research connects to a wide variety of policy concerns and public conversations. We suggest focusing narrowly on public opinion of genome editing is to overlook the range of positions from which people are brought into relationships with animal research through these technologies. In this paper, we explore three key roles that publics are playing in the development of genome editing techniques applied to animals in biomedical research. First, publics are positioned by surveys and focus groups as stakeholders with opinions that matter to the development of research technologies. Learning lessons from controversies over genetically modified food in Europe, these methods are used to identify problems in science–society relations that need to be managed. Second, people are recruited into research projects through participating in biobanks and providing data, where their contributions are encouraged by appeals to the public good and maintained by public confidence. Thirdly, patients are increasingly taking positions within research governance, as lay reviewers on funding panels, where their expertise helps align research priorities and practices with public expectations of research. These plural publics do not easily aggregate into a simple or singular public opinion on genome editing. We conclude by suggesting more attention is needed to the multiple roles that different publics expect – and are expected – to play in the future development of genomic technologies.

scholarly journals On the social content of local self-government

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman V. Petukhov
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Vocabulary

The author argues that the social studies devoted to the Russian local self-government are dominated by uncritical borrowing of the basic vocabulary and the axiomatics of the municipal law. Such studies reproduce ideal concepts enshrined in the legislation and legal doctrine to substitute for the critical analysis of the social reality processes. To understand the true meaning of what is referred to as local self-government the author proposes to consider the correlation between the legal-dogmatic concept and the results of empirical research. For that purpose, three constitutive features of local self-government are singled out:  inclusiveness, accessibility and autonomy of local authorities. Analyzing the data of the public opinion surveys, the author observes the lack of public confidence in the municipal authorities, their distancing from the local communities and proximity to the regional government.  As an example, the author examines cancelation of direct elections of heads of municipalities which brings into sharp focus contradictions between actual processes and the local self-government theory. At the same time, public perceptions of local self-government as a value and a directly observed phenomenon remain uncertain. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that there is a principal divergence between the reality and the normative conception of local self-government which raises the issue of its rethinking in social sciences. The basis of the study is the data of the nationwide representative surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center and the Public Opinion Foundation. Acknowledgment. The paper is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 14-28-00218-II “Dynamics of social transformation in modern Russia in socio-economic, political, socio-cultural and ethno-religious contexts”. 

A successful person, society and civic activism

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1800-1816
Author(s):  
G.B. Kozyreva ◽  
T.V. Morozova ◽  
R.V. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civic Activism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Person Model ◽  
Social Disparity

Subject. The article provides considerations on the formation and development of a successful person model in the modern Russian society. Objectives. The study is an attempt to model a successful person in the Russian society, when the ideological subsystem of the institutional matrix is changing. Methods. The study relies upon the theory of institutional matrices by S. Kirdina, theories of human and social capital. We focus on the assumption viewing a person as a carrier of social capital, which conveys a success, socio-economic position, social status, civic activism, doing good to your family and the public, confidence in people and association with your region. The empirical framework comprises data of the sociological survey of the Russian population in 2018. The data were processed through the factor analysis. Results. We devised a model of a successful person in today's Russian society, which reveals that a success, first of all, depends on the economic wellbeing and has little relation to civic activism. The potential involvement (intention, possibility, preparedness) in the social and political life significantly dominates the real engagement of people. The success has a frail correlation with constituents of the social capital, such as confidence in people and doing good to the public. Conclusions and Relevance. Based on the socio-economic wellbeing, that is consumption, the existing model of a successful person proves to be ineffective. The sustainability of socio-economic wellbeing seriously contributes to the social disparity of opportunities, which drive a contemporary Russian to a success in life.

ВИДОВИЩЕ ТА ВИДОВИЩНІСТЬ В СУЧАСНІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ УКРАЇНИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Admink Admink ◽  
Катерина Гайдукевич
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social

Обґрунтовано, що видовища характеризуються специфічними ознаками, серед яких варто наголосити на культурній цінності, що виявляється у використанні видовищем різних складових культури. Доведено, що видовища є показниками суспільних зрушень у системі цінностей, ідеологій, наявних і латентних проблем, устремлінь та бажань громадськості. Показано, що в сучасній культурі України пріоритетною є функція соціальної регуляції й формування  суспільної думки, яка реалізується у форматі імітативних практик та множинних культурних інтерпретацій. Проаналізовано напрями, за якими розвиватимуться видовища й видовищність в Україні: зміцнення й популяризація традиційних видовищних заходів; усталення нових видовищних практик; збагачення видовищної культури інноваційними формами та практиками. It is substantiated that the spectacle is characterized by specific features, among which it is worth emphasizing the cultural value that is expressed in the use by the spectacle of different components of the culture. It has been proved that the spectacles are indicators of social shifts in the system of values, ideologies, existing and latent problems, aspirations and desires of the public. It is shown that in the contemporary culture of Ukraine the priority is the function of the social regulation and the formation of the public opinion that is implemented in the format of imitative practices and multiple cultural interpretations. The directions for development of the spectacles and entertainment in Ukraine are analyzed: strengthening and promoting traditional entertainment events; establishing new entertaining practices; the enrichment of the spectacular culture with innovative forms and practices.

scholarly journals The Limits of Income Inequality: Public Support for Social Policy across Rich Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nate Breznau ◽  
Carola Hommerich
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Income Concentration

Does public opinion react to inequality, and if so, how? The social harms caused by increasing inequality should cause public opinion to ramp up demand for social welfare protections. However, the public may react to inequality differently depending on institutional context. Using ISSP and WID data (1980-2006) we tested these claims. In liberal institutional contexts (mostly English-speaking), increasing income inequality predicted higher support for state provision of social welfare. In coordinated and universalist contexts (mostly of Europe), increasing inequality predicted less support. Historically higher income concentration predicted less public support, providing an account of the large variation in inequality within the respective liberal and coordinated contexts. The results suggest opinions in liberal societies – especially with higher historical inequality – reached the limits of inequality, reacting negatively; whereas in coordinated/universalist societies – especially with lower historical inequality – opinions moved positively, as if desiring more inequality.

Postawy wobec osób z niepełnosprawnością a postawy osób z niepełnosprawnością ruchową wobec ludzi z innym rodzajem niepełnosprawności – próba porównania

2018 ◽  
Vol LXXVIII (5) ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Monika Skura
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
General Public ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Motor Disabilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The topic of society's attitudes toward people with disabilities is very frequently explored by researchers, who want to show the transformation and stability of society's beliefs. Analyzing the results that demonstrate communities’ perceptions and attitudes in interactions with people whose appearance and functioning are different, authors attempt to show reasons, changes in attitudes and the level of integration that is taking place. The article attempts to compare the findings of Polish research on the attitudes of nondisabled people toward people with disabilities, and the attitudes of people with motor disabilities to people with disabilities different than their own. The paper includes the results of research conducted by the researchers of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Public Opinion Research Center (CBOS) as well as the results of the author’s own research in which 90 people with motor disabilities expressed their position on people with different disabilities. The article aims to show the attitudes of the study participants and attempts to evaluate if their attitudes differ from the position of the general public. A diagnostic survey was used in the study. The findings indicate that people with motor disabilities, similarly to their environment, copy the social patterns of perception and judgment regarding different groups of people with disabilities. The participants agreed with popular beliefs not only on the question of support for integration and assistance, but also on preferences and judgments concerning different groups of people with disabilities. The study conducted suggests that it is difficult for people with motor disabilities, as it is for nondisabled people, to open up to relationships with people with various disabilities.

scholarly journals Digital Marketing Study, Through Instagram Media Case Study of Private Universities in the Tangerang Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Indra Gunawan ◽  
Tjong Se Fung ◽  
Diana Silaswara
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The rapid development of technology makes a big change to every activity carried out both individuals and organizations. The speed of information is a necessity for every individual and organization. Universities as institutions engaged in education make changes in communication to the community. In implementing the tri dharma of tertiary institutions in each of their activities, the tertiary institution utilizes social media. One of the social media chosen is Instagram because it is loved by millennials. The use of Instagram as a medium of communication has an impact on increasingly creative tertiary institutions conducting information on each of their activities. With the use of social media, tertiary institutions can inform the public about their creativity so that it impacts on public confidence in their learning activities

scholarly journals La disputa social por el Distrito Federal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Reyes del Campillo Lona
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Public Opinion Polls ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Ruling Party

This paper analyzes the stages of the 2006 election in Mexico City and examines the social conflict that polarized the political figures as well as the electorate. It also talks about the selection process of the candidates, particularly those of the ruling party, as well as the campaigns and their impact on the public opinion polls and, finally, it analyzes the final results. The election showed an evident division or tension line among the electorate that entails a strong social and ideological content.

Notes on the Theory of Political Opinion Formation

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Leiserson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Relation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

The role of public opinion in the political process is more often justified than explained by political theorists. Insofar as contemporary theory offers an explanation, it replaces the primitive democratic notion of “The People as Legislator” with a neo-idealistic conception of public opinion as the “sense of the community” (A. D. Lindsay), an emergent product of the process of public discussion that enfolds the struggle of private group leaders, public administrators, and political representatives to influence the substance and direction of governmental policy.However, this is not the meaning of the term as used either by the man in the street or by the social scientist. In both popular and scientific language “public opinion” has come to refer to a sort of secular idol, and is a “god-term” to which citizens, scientists, and office-holders alike pay allegiance, partly as an act of faith, partly as a matter of observation, partly as a condition of sanity. The public opinion idol has its high priests, claiming to be expert translators of the oracles of the personified deity. The idol aIso has its heretics, divided like all protestants into many denominations. The least heretical sect, perhaps, consists of those who postulate a conceptual fiction somewhat resembling the legal relation of “principal-and-agent,” except that they recognize that political representatives possess the power to act as trustees as well as agents of their amorphous principal.

scholarly journals THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE IN EMERGENCIES AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT THE POLICE

2022 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Андрей Петрович Тюнь
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Media

В статье рассматриваются основные принципы формирования и трансформации общественного мнения о полиции в гражданской среде, связанные с участием сотрудников правоохранительных органов в мероприятиях, направленных на предотвращение негативных последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций. Рассматриваются объективные риски, возникающие вследствие некорректной трактовки служебных действий сотрудников правоохранительных органов представителями гражданской сферы в условиях ограничения их возможностей с целью минимизации ущерба от чрезвычайной ситуации. Отмечается, что в условиях действия ограничительных мер на период объявления чрезвычайной ситуации усиливается негативное восприятие деятельности сотрудников органов внутренних дел. Оцениваются перспективы, связанные с улучшением социального восприятия полиции в результате освещения самоотверженности и высоких личных качеств сотрудников полиции, с риском для жизни и здоровья участвующих в борьбе с последствиями чрезвычайной ситуации и в спасении гражданского населения. Делается вывод о необходимости использования средств массовой информации как инструмента формирования общественного мнения в целях объективного отражения в общественном сознании россиян профессиональной деятельности работников правоохранительной системы. The paper examines the principles of the formation and transformation of public opinion about the police in the civilian environment, associated with the participation of law enforcement officers in measures aimed at preventing the negative consequences of emergencies. The publication considers the risks associated with the incorrect interpretation of the official actions of law enforcement officials by representatives of the civilian sphere in the context of limiting their capabilities in order to minimize damage from an emergency. The author evaluates the prospects related to improving the social perception of the police through highlighting the disregard of self and high personal qualities of police officers at risk to life and health of those involved in combating the consequences of an emergency and rescuing the civilian population. It is concluded that the media should be used as an instrument for the formation of public opinion in order to objectively reflect the professional activities of law enforcement officials in the public consciousness of Russians.

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