Forensic age estimation using conventional radiography of the medial clavicular epiphysis: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Rutwik Shedge ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Varsha Warrier ◽  
Shilpi Gupta Dixit ◽  
Kewal Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Forensic Age Estimation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
The Many

Of the many roles that forensic anthropologists and medico-legal professionals need to perform, forensic age estimation is one of the most frequent and important. Scoring medial clavicular epiphyseal (MCE) fusion is a method used to estimate age in young adults. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the reliability and reproducibility of MCE fusion visualised by conventional radiography and scored by Schmeling’s grading system to determine whether an individual has attained the age of 18 years. Four articles were acquired after screening 4589 articles across four databases, and these were subjected to qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The risk of bias was calculated in the qualitative synthesis using the QUADAS-2 tool. Horizontal box plots were constructed to see whether MCE fusion as visualised by conventional radiography can be used to ascertain whether an individual has attained the age of maturity (18 years). It was observed that stages 4 and 5 of the Schmeling’s method of age estimation from MCE fusion are observed only in individuals aged ≥18 years. This indicates that MCE fusion, when visualised using x-rays, which are associated with less ionisation radiation compared to computed tomography, can be used to verify the attainment of the age majority in individuals.

scholarly journals The iliac crest in forensic age estimation: evaluation of three methods in pelvis X-rays

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Bartolini ◽  
Vilma Pinchi ◽  
Barbara Gualco ◽  
Stefano Vanin ◽  
Giusto Chiaracane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Forensic Age Estimation ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging for forensic age estimation in living children and young adults: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1691-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannick De Tobel ◽  
Jeroen Bauwens ◽  
Griet I. L. Parmentier ◽  
Ademir Franco ◽  
Nele S. Pauwels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Forensic Age Estimation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Living Children

scholarly journals 2D vs. 3D Radiological Methods for Dental Age Determination around 18 Years: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Domenico Dalessandri ◽  
Ingrid Tonni ◽  
Laura Laffranchi ◽  
Marco Migliorati ◽  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Anatomy

The age of a living human being can be determined by applying a number of different methods; the most diffused are skeletal and dental methods, both principally based on X-rays examinations. This systematic review assesses the current evidence regarding the accuracy and reliability of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) vs. Orthopantomography (OPG) in age determination. A computerized systematic literature search of studies published up to January 2020 was conducted without language restrictions in order to identify articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in dental anatomy evaluation, articles evaluating the accuracy of dental methods for age estimation, both with CT and OPG exams, and articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in terms of radiation dose. CBCT was found to be more accurate compared to OPG in dental anatomy evaluation. When analyzing young adults, an estimation error of two years is considered forensically acceptable. The radiation dose of a CBCT exam is higher compared to an OPG exam. However, the difference is not as marked with small Fields Of View (FOV) and low-resolution protocols. Final conclusion was that a small FOV CBCT centered on the mandibular angle of a young patient is an accurate and safe method for dental age estimation around the age of 18.

scholarly journals Radiomics in Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Julia Mühlbauer ◽  
Luisa Egen ◽  
Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski ◽  
Maurizio Grilli ◽  
Margarete T. Walach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Renal Tumors ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Log Odds

Radiomics may increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for localized and metastatic RCC (mRCC). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Doing so, we comprehensively searched literature databases until May 2020. Studies investigating the diagnostic value of radiomics in differentiation of localized renal tumors and assessment of treatment response to ST in mRCC were included and assessed with respect to their quality using the radiomics quality score (RQS). A total of 113 out of 1098 identified studies met the criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis. Median RQS of all studies was 13.9% (5.0 points, IQR 0.25–7.0 points), and RQS increased over time. Thirty studies were included into the quantitative synthesis: For distinguishing angiomyolipoma, oncocytoma or unspecified benign tumors from RCC, the random effects model showed a log odds ratio (OR) of 2.89 (95%-CI 2.40–3.39, p < 0.001), 3.08 (95%-CI 2.09–4.06, p < 0.001) and 3.57 (95%-CI 2.69–4.45, p < 0.001), respectively. For the general discrimination of benign tumors from RCC log OR was 3.17 (95%-CI 2.73–3.62, p < 0.001). Inhomogeneity of the available studies assessing treatment response in mRCC prevented any meaningful meta-analysis. The application of radiomics seems promising for discrimination of renal tumor dignity. Shared data and open science may assist in improving reproducibility of future studies.

Forensic age estimation using computed tomography of the medial clavicular epiphysis: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Hermetet ◽  
Pauline Saint-Martin ◽  
Arsène Gambier ◽  
Léo Ribier ◽  
Bénédicte Sautenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Forensic Age Estimation ◽  
Medial Clavicular Epiphysis

scholarly journals Effects of Quran Recitation on The Reduction of Anxiety Before Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Zarea Gavgani ◽  
Mortaza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Tahmineh Khodapanah ◽  
Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Inconsistency Index ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

Abstract Background: Anxiety is a common reaction among patients undergoing surgery. Religious believes are regarded as psychological methods that are used for the management of anxiety. The aim of this study is assessing the effectiveness of Quran recitation on reducing the anxiety before the elective surgery.Methods: A systematic review of the citations in the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Arab World Research Source and other relevant databases was performed to collect the data. Randomized clinical trials about the effect of Quran recitation on the reduction of anxiety before elective surgery were included without any Language and date restriction. Interventions with self-reading/self-recitation were excluded. The Cochran’s Q statistic and the (I2) with 50 percent threshold was used for calculation of the heterogeneity and the inconsistency index. The funnel plot has been used to evaluate the possibility of the publication bias.Results: We identified 2381 studies from the systematic search. Of these, twelve were included in the qualitative synthesis and nine studies included in the quantitative synthesis. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in the anxiety level with Quran recitation. The heterogeneity of the included studies was statistically significant (Q=23.05, I2=65.29, P=0.003). The pooled effect size of the anxiety was d=−8.893; 95% CI=[−10.763 to −7.022] (P < 0.001), and there was no publication bias (t=0.907, P=0.39) in the studies.Conclusion: Quran recitation can be considered as a non-invasive and peaceful intervention to reduce anxiety before elective surgery.

scholarly journals Olfactory and Gustatory Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Pradeep ◽  
Kalpa Pandya ◽  
Vinayak Kamath ◽  
Sivakumar Vidhyadharan ◽  
Naveen Hedne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

Introduction: There is increasing anecdotal evidence that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the association of olfactory and gustatory symptoms with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) and estimate their pooled prevalence. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Embase, EBSCO and Cochrane databases were searched for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies evaluating olfactory and gustatory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The search terms included COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, coronavirus, olfaction disorders, anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia and ageusia. Random effects model was used to calculate a pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and pooled prevalence. Results: Total 14 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 13 studies were incorporated in quantitative synthesis, involving 3,125 patients. The pooled OR was 15.59 reflecting that smell and taste disorders were strongly associated with COVID-19. The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was 56% and 44%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant association between olfactory and gustatory symptoms and COVID-19. Majority of the studies support the use of these symptoms as screening tools for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Physical Therapy to Prevent Osteopenia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Galaad Torró-Ferrero ◽  
Francisco Javier Fernández-Rego ◽  
Antonia Gómez-Conesa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Almost All

Background: During the last trimester of pregnancy, about 80% of the infant’s calcium is incorporated, and for this reason, preterm infants have less bone mineralization compared to those born at term. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify, evaluate and summarize the studies that deal with the effect of physiotherapy modalities in the prevention and treatment of osteopenia in preterm infants. Methods: A comprehensive search (09/2019–02/2021) using PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ProQuest, SciELO, Latindex, ScienceDirect, PEDro and ClinicalTrials.gov was carried out. The following data were extracted: The number of participants, characteristics of the participants, design, characteristics of the intervention, outcome measures, time of evaluation and results. A non-quantitative synthesis of the extracted data was performed. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using a PEDro scale and ROB-2 scale, respectively. Results: A total of 16 studies were analyzed, presenting a methodological quality that ranged from 3 to 8 points, and all showed some concerns regarding their risk of bias. Almost all studies (15/16) used passive mobilizations with joint pressure to prevent osteopenia, but they differed in the intensity and frequency of application. Conclusions: A daily exercise program of passive mobilizations with joint pressure, improves bone mineralization in preterm infants admitted to neonatal units.

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

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