The influence of surface hydrophilicity on the adhesion properties of wet fabrics or films to water

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lou ◽  
Yiping Qiu ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
Xiaohang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Fabric Materials ◽  
The Relationship

The adherence of wet fabrics to the skin brings much discomfort. The relationship between hydrophilicity and adhesion properties of fabric materials is investigated. A theoretical expression is given to describe the relationship of adhesion force, water contact angle (WCA), and radius of fabric–liquid interface. The adhesion force grows with decreasing WCA and increasing radius of the fabric–liquid interface. With the help of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment, the hydrophilicity of the fabric materials is improved, accompanied by reduced WCA, roughened fiber surfaces, as observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and increased Oxygen/Carbon (O/C) atomic ratio and polar bonds, analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In accordance with the theoretical conclusion, the APPJ treated fabrics have a much larger maximum adhesion force and longer adhesion duration with water, indicating more discomfort resulting from the increase of hydrophilicity when they are wet. To minimize the discomfort caused by wet adhesion, less hydrophilic fabric surfaces may be preferred.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Neutral Polypropylene by Using Low Pressure Plasma Treatment: Effects on Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mandolfino ◽  
Enrico Lertora ◽  
Carla Gambaro ◽  
Marco Pizzorni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma

Polyolefins are considered among the most difficult polymeric materials to treat because they have poor adhesive properties and high chemical barrier responses. In this paper, an in-depth study is reported for the low pressure plasma (LPP) treatment of neutral polypropylene to improve adhesion properties. Changes in wettability, chemical species, surface morphology and roughness of the polypropylene surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and, furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, the bonded joints were subjected to tensile tests, in order to evaluate the practical effect of changes in adhesion properties. The results indicate that plasma is an effective treatment for the surface preparation of polypropylene for the creation of bonded joints: contact angles decreased significantly depending on the plasma-parameter setup, surface morphology was also found to vary with plasma power, exposure time and working gas.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Properties of Plasma-Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate via the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Technique

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon-Sang Park ◽  
Eun Jung ◽  
Hyo Jang ◽  
Gyu Bae ◽  
Bhum Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Pinhole free layers are needed in order to prevent oxygen and water from damaging flexible electrical and bio-devices. Although polymerized methyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) for the pinhole free layer has been studied extensively in the past, little work has been done on synthesizing films of this material using atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of plasma-PMMA (pPMMA) synthesized using the atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted electro-polymerization technique at room temperature. According to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) results, the characteristic peaks from the pPMMA polymer chain were shown to have been detected. The results indicate that the percentage of hydrophobic groups (C–C and C–H) is greater than that of hydrophilic groups (C–O and O–C=O). The field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and thickness measurement results show that the surface morphology is quite homogenous and amorphous in nature, and the newly proposed pPMMA film at a thickness of 1.5 µm has high transmittance (about 93%) characteristics. In addition, the results of water contact angle tests show that pPMMA thin films can improve the hydrophobicity.

Diamond-Like Carbon Films for Silicon Passivation in Microelectromechanical Devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Houston ◽  
R. T. Howe ◽  
K Komvopoulos ◽  
R. Maboudian
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Water Contact

ABSTRACTThe surface properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by a vacuum arc technique on smooth silicon wafers are presented with specific emphasis given to stiction reduction in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The low deposition temperatures afforded by the vacuum arc technique should allow for easy integration of the DLC films into the current fabrication process of typical surface micromachines by means of a standard lift-off processing technique. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface chemistry, microroughness, hydrophobicity, and adhesion forces of DLC-coated Si(100) surfaces were measured and correlated to the measured water contact angles. DLC films were found to be extremely smooth and possess a water contact angle of 87°, which roughly corresponds to a surface energy of 22 mJ/m2. It is shown that the pull-off forces measured by AFM correlate well with the predicted capillary forces. Pull-off forces are reduced on DLC surfaces by about a factor of five compared to 10 nN pull-off forces measured on the RCA-cleaned silicon surfaces. In the absence of meniscus forces, the overall adhesion force is expected to decrease by over an order of magnitude to the van der Waals attractive force present between two DLC-coated surfaces- To further improve the surface properties of DLC, films were exposed to a fluorine plasma which increased the contact angle to 99° and lowered the pull-off force by approximately 20% over that obtained with as-deposited DLC. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to stiction reduction in micromachines.

scholarly journals Pillar versus dimple patterned surfaces for wettability and adhesion with varying scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (148) ◽  
pp. 20180681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Qingwen Dai ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xiaolei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Micro Dimples ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Inspired by biological topographical surfaces, micropatterned elastomeric surfaces with square pillars and dimples of different geometry scales were fabricated. Their wettability and adhesion properties with various liquids were systematically investigated and compared with flat surfaces. Interesting results were obtained in the case of silicone oil (the toe-pad-like wetting case) in that the scale-dependent wettability and adhesion performed inversely for pillars and dimples. Micropillars significantly enhanced the surface wettability with a geometry scale dependence, whereas the dimples suppressed the wettability independent of the geometry scale. The adhesion force of the micropillars increased with an increase of the geometry scale. However, in the case of the micro-dimples, the adhesion force obviously decreased with an increase of the geometry scale. This behaviour was attributed to the fact that pillars are ‘open’ to oil but dimples are ‘close’ to oil, presenting different orientations to the solid–liquid interface.

Effect of 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment on structure and adhesion properties of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752098588
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Bingqian Liu ◽  
Dan Sheng ◽  
Honghui Xia ◽  
Heng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Thermotropic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Peeling Strength ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study investigated the surface modification of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate (TLCP) fibers by 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment, specifically, whether it enhanced their interfacial adhesive properties. The surface chemical compositions and microstructures of both control and 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated TLCP fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, thermal, dyeing, and adhesion properties of both control and 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated fibers were compared by thermogravimetric analysis, colorimetry, and universal material testing system, respectively. The results indicated that 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment increased the surface-anchored oxygen atom amount: the oxygen to carbon atomic ratio at the surface of the TLCP fibers increased from 0.17 to 0.22. However, 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment showed almost no effect on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the TLCP fibers. The peeling strength of the 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated TLCP fabric was around twice that of the control TLCP fabric.

A Novel Testing Method of the Wet Wearing Comfortability of Fabrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ji ◽  
Yi Ping Qiu ◽  
Jian Fei Xie ◽  
Shu Yao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Fabric Materials ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Adhesion Work ◽  
Fabric Specimen

It has long been a problem how to objectively evaluate the wet wearing comfortability of fabrics. In this paper a novel testing method was proposed, and an instrument was designed and made. During the testing process, the fabric specimen first got saturated by “sweat” and adhered on the “skin”, and then it was separated at due rate from the skin and the in time adhesion force-displacement curve was drawn simultaneously. When the fabric was totally separated from the skin, the maximum adhesion force and adhesion work were measured such as to objectively evaluate the adhesion properties of the fabric specimen. Six different kinds of fabrics were selected and tested. The results show that certain kind of fabric performs characteristic adhesion force-displacement curve, which should be explained through fabric materials and structures. Hence this method is effective in objectively reflecting the wet wearing comfortability of fabrics.

scholarly journals Study on ice adhesion of composite anti-/deicing component under heating condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2091244
Author(s):  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ice Adhesion

An anti-/deicing component of composite materials for wind turbine blades is usually carried out under heating conditions. In order to study the ice adhesion properties of composite anti-/deicing component under heating conditions, an experimental platform for measuring ice adhesion force on composites was set up. Based on the heating parameters such as the heating temperature, heating voltage, and heating time, the experiments of ice adhesion of composite anti-/deicing component under deicing conditions were designed by orthogonal analysis. In this article, ice adhesion forces on composite anti-/deicing component were measured at −9.74°C, −11.58°C, −14.1°C, and −16.84°C by the proposed experiment platform, and the real ice adhesion forces under various heating parameters were measured. Through the analysis of experimental data and fitting method, the relationship between various factors and ice adhesion on composite anti-/deicing component was expounded. The influence weight of each heating parameter on the ice adhesion was analyzed. In addition, the mathematical model of ice adhesion on composite anti-/deicing component under deicing condition was established to describe the influence of deicing variables on ice adhesion in the experiments. According to the fitting function of the experimental data, the relationship between the heat consumption of composite anti-/deicing component and ice adhesion force in the process of heating is in accordance with the inverse power exponential expression, which reveals the internal relationship between ice adhesion force and energy consumption.

Ethanol Pretreatment on Etching of Nylon 6 Films Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Qiu Yuan Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment

The absorbed liquids in the substrate material may have a potential influence on atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. In order to investigate how the influence of ethanol pretreatment affects atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, nylon 6 films were treated by helium/oxygen plasma using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Water contact angle of the ethanol pretreated samples was close to that of the control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the ethanol pretreated sample surface had a little change on the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the carbon component decreased and the oxygen component increased after plasma treatment. With the ethanol pretreatment, the T-peel strength values for the samples were similar to that of the control.

scholarly journals Experimental investigations of a remote atmospheric pressure plasma by electrical diagnostics and related effects on polymer composite surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Brès ◽  
Nicolas Gherardi ◽  
Nicolas Naudé ◽  
Bertrand Rives
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Electrical Diagnostics

Surface activation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) using Poly-EtherEtherKetone (PEEK) matrices is required to achieve strong and long-term adherent painting on the composite. Among the different techniques, an industrial atmospheric pressure remote plasma has been used in this work to treat PEEK CFRP surfaces. The characterization of this device by means of electrical diagnostics related to the effect of such post-discharge on the surface modifications is discussed. Firstly, electrical characteristics of the discharge show fairly high currents associated to high voltages which suggest a nonestablished and cold arc. Power consumed by the electrical supply associated to post-discharge length and surface temperatures allowed a better understanding of the industrial device. Secondly, the effects of plasma on surface chemistry and topography are analyzed by water contact angle measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Investigations showed that treated surfaces exhibited better hydrophilicity mainly due to an incorporation of oxygen containing groups (up to 8.4% more) under air plasma whereas an increase of the nanoroughness and specific surface is preponderant under nitrogen plasma. Different hydrophilic capabilities of the surface obtained in air and nitrogen gas plasma highlight a potential optimization of activation performances according to industrial specification.

Effects of Surface Treatments of Polycaprolactone Scaffolds on their Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasana Kosorn ◽  
Boonlom Thavornyutikarn ◽  
Wanida Janvikul
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Oh Groups

Polycaprolactone (PCL) was surface modified with alkaline hydrolysis by NaOH and/or low pressure oxygen (O2) plasma treatment. The hydrolysis was conducted in two different stages: one was performed prior to PCL scaffold fabrication by a high pressure supercritical CO2 technique; the other was carried out after the fabrication. The resulting hydrolyzed PCL scaffolds, with pore sizes in the range of 150-250 μm, were denoted as pre-HPCL and post-HPCL, respectively. Both non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed PCL scaffolds were subsequently subjected to the plasma treatment, to further enhance the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. The surface morphology, wettability and chemical composition of all PCL scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. It was found that the surface of the scaffolds turned from fairly smooth to highly rough after the hydrolysis and plasma treatment, particularly when both treatments were in use. The post-hydrolysis induced more surface roughness, compared to the pre-hydrolysis. In addition, the water contact angles on the scaffolds enormously reduced after the treatments; plasma treatment, however, showed a more prominent effect than the alkaline hydrolysis. Although expressing a zero-degree contact angle, the plasma-treated pre-HPCL scaffold was wetted more readily than the plasma-treated post-HPCL. These were in good agreement with the XPS results; interestingly, the plasma-treated pre-HPCL scaffold exhibited the greatest O/C atomic ratio among the PCL scaffolds. This indicated its highest extent of PCL chain oxidation, a degradation of ester groups into-COOH and-OH groups.

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