Mechanical properties and biodegradability of enzyme-retted kenaf fiber composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1782-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Sun Jung ◽  
Kyung Hun Song ◽  
Seong Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability

The mechanical properties and biodegradability of retted kenaf and modified starch composites fabricated by adding enzyme-retted kenaf as a filler and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol), or glycerol as a plasticizer are compared with those of the NaOH-retted counterparts fabricated under identical conditions. In the case of enzyme retting, the composite treated with the PVA plasticizer was deemed the most appropriate for achieving optimal tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Further, the retting treatment, the length of the kenaf fiber, the type of treatment (single- or double-sided), and the adhesion force at the interface significantly affect the mechanical properties of the composites. According to the aerobic biodegradability assessment in natural reclamation conditions, the modified starch composite fabricated using 50-mm-long enzyme-retted kenaf fibers as the filler and double-side treated with PVA plasticizer showed a biodegradation rate of 80% or higher after 80 days.

scholarly journals Effects of Waste Expanded Polypropylene as Recycled Matrix on the Flexural, Impact, and Heat Deflection Temperature Properties of Kenaf Fiber/Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Junghoon Kim ◽  
Donghwan Cho
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Waste Expanded polypropylene (EPP) was utilized as recycled matrix for kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites produced using chopped kenaf fibers and crushed EPP waste. The flexural properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of kenaf fiber/PP composites were highly enhanced by using waste EPP, compared to those by using virgin PP. The flexural modulus and strength of the composites with waste EPP were 98% and 55% higher than those with virgin PP at the same kenaf contents, respectively. The Izod impact strength and HDT were 31% and 12% higher with waste EPP than with virgin PP, respectively. The present study indicates that waste EPP would be feasible as recycled matrix for replacing conventional PP matrix in natural fiber composites.

scholarly journals Effect of Halloysite Nanotube on Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Morphology of Polypropylene and Polypropylene/Short Kenaf Fibers Hybrid Biocomposites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Franciszczak ◽  
Iman Taraghi ◽  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Maksymilian Burzyński ◽  
Agnieszka Meljon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

In this article, the effect of the addition of halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the mechanical and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) and PP/kenaf fiber biocomposites has been investigated. Different volume contents of HNTs ranging from 1 to 10 vol.% were melt mixed with PP and PP/kenaf fibers. The volume content of kenaf fibers was kept constant at 30%. The morphology of HNTs within the PP matrix has been studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological results revealed that HNT was uniformly dispersed in the PP matrix already at a low concentration of 1 and 2 vol.%. The mechanical properties of the manufactured nanocomposites and hybrid biocomposites such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and notched Izod strength have been measured. The results show that Young’s modulus and strengths have been improved along with the addition of low content of HNTs. Moreover, the gain of notched Izod impact strength obtained by the addition of short kenaf fibers was maintained in hybrids with low concentrations of HNTs. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis shows that at 10% and 50% weight loss, the thermal degradation rate of the PP and PP/kenaf biocomposites decreased by the addition of HNTs.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110153
Author(s):  
Jaber Mirzaei ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Ahmad Ghasemi-Ghalebahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

scholarly journals Influence of layering pattern of modified kenaf fiber on thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
AR Mohammed ◽  
MS Nurul Atiqah ◽  
Deepu A Gopakumar ◽  
MR Fazita ◽  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Natural fiber-reinforced composites gained considerable interest in the scientific community due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-effective, and excellent mechanical properties. Here, we reported a chemical modification of kenaf fiber using propionic anhydride to enhance the compatibility with the epoxy matrix. The incorporation of the modified woven and nonwoven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix resulted in the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The thermal stability of the epoxy composites was enhanced from 403°C to 677°C by incorporating modified woven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix. The modified and unmodified woven kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites had a tensile strength of 64.11 and 58.82 MPa, respectively. The modified woven composites had highest flexural strength, which was 89.4 MPa, whereas, for unmodified composites, it was 86.8 MPa. The modified woven fiber-reinforced epoxy composites showed the highest value of flexural modulus, which was 6.0 GPa compared to unmodified woven composites (5.51 GPa). The impact strength of the epoxy composites was enhanced to 9.43 kJ m−2 by the incarnation of modified woven kenaf fibers into epoxy matrix. This study will be an effective platform to design the chemical modification strategy on natural fibers for enhancing the compatibility toward the hydrophobic polymer matrices.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Dulina Tholibon ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Che Hassan Che Haron
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Kenaf Composites ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Automotive parts, including dashboards and trunk covers, are now fabricated through a compression-molding process in order to produce lightweight products and optimize fuel consumption. However, their mechanical strength is not compromised to avoid safety issues. Therefore, this study investigates kenaf-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites using a simple combing approach to unidirectionally align kenaf fibers at 0°. The kenaf composite was found to withstand a maximal temperature of 120 °C. The tensile and flexural strengths of the aligned kenaf composites (50 and 90 MPa, respectively) were three times higher than those of the commercialized Product T (between 39 and 30.5 MPa, respectively) at a temperature range of 90 to 120 °C. These findings clearly showed that the mechanical properties of aligned kenaf fibers fabricated through the combing technique were able to withstand high operating temperatures (120 °C), and could be used as an alternative to other commercial natural-fiber products.

scholarly journals Effect of Kenaf Alkalization Treatment on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy/Silica/Kenaf Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽  
Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Ismail Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

The mechanical performance of silica modified epoxy at various concentration of sodium hydroxide for surface treatment of multi-axial kenaf has been analyzed. Epoxy resin with amine hardener was modified with silica powder at 20 phr and toughened by treated kenaf fiber that immerses in various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ranging from 0% to 9% of weight. The composite was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure complete curing process. The mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed through flexural test, Charpy impact test and DSC to ensure the complete curing process. DSC analysis results show epoxy sample was completely cured at above 73°C that verifies the curing temperature for preparation for the composite. Hence, 3% NaOH treated composite exhibits the best mechanical properties, with 10.6 kJ/m2 of impact strength, 54.1 MPa of flexural strength and 3.5 GPa of flexural modulus. It is due to the improvement of fiber-matrix compatibility. Analysis by SEM also revealed that a cleaner surface of kenaf fiber treated at 3% NaOH shown cleaner surface, thus, in turn, improve surface interaction between fiber and matrix of the composite. The composites produced in this work has high potential to be used in automotive and domestics appliances.

A Study of the Effects of Ingredients to the Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites (NFC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Ju Seok Oh ◽  
Song Woo Nam ◽  
Sun Woong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
Natural Fiber Composite

The importance of NFC (Natural Fiber Composite) as construction materials is widely accepted all over the world. But it seems that NFC manufacturers have complicated information about the effect of ingredients to their products. Hence systematic study for optimum composition of NFC is needed. This study is aimed to elucidate the effect of ingredients to the mechanical properties of NFC. We devised design of experiments to draw a firm conclusion. The experiments were conducted with polymer processing machines which are widely accepted in polymer processing industries. The result of ANOVA analysis showed that the most important ingredient of NFC is wood flour. And as the length of wood flour increases, the mechanical properties are enhanced. Contrary to wood flour, base resin has little effect to the mechanical properties of NFC. The effect of coupling agent to flexural modulus is not ignorable, but the effect to flexural strength is different from that of flexural modulus.

Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Feather Fibers of ‘Emu’ Bird

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
Chandra V. Sekhar ◽  
V. Pandurangadu ◽  
T. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Feather Fibers ◽  
Prediction Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Feather Fiber

Now a day’s researchers are focusing on natural fiber composites. In the present work composites were prepared with epoxy (Araldite LY-556) resin and ‘emu’ bird feathers as fiber. The composites were prepared by varying the weight percentage (P) of ‘emu’ fiber ranging from 1 to 5 and length (L) of feather fibers from 1 to 5 cm. The various mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength; flexural modulus and impact strength were determined. An attempt is made to model the mechanical properties through response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. The results reveal that the developed models are suitable for prediction of mechanical properties of Epoxy ‘Emu’ Feather Fiber Composites.

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