Developing a Scale to Measure Tourist Perceived Safety

Safety for tourists at places visited is essential to their enjoyment and experiences, as well as a determinant of destination success. Yet, little attention has been paid to the conceptualization and scale development for tourist perceived safety at destinations (TPSD). The primary purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions of TPSD and develop a scale for measuring it based on safety system theory. A three-stage study in a mixed-method design was conducted to develop and validate TPSD. Stage 1 identified the dimensions and initial items of TPSD through extensive literature reviewing and content analysis of travel blogs. In stage 2 (n = 300), an explanatory factor analysis was conducted to refine and validate the preliminary items. Stage 3 (n = 1,830) provided empirical support for a 20-item, five-dimension (human, facility and equipment, natural environment, social environment, management) TPSD scale through confirmatory factor analysis.

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A multi-dimensional construct of perceived information pollution in the era of rife infollution

VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems ◽

10.1108/vjikms-10-2018-0093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 162-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qaisar Iqbal ◽

Shaohua Yang ◽

Rashid Nawaz ◽

Khalid Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Information Quality ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Content Type ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Mixed Method Design

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate employee’s perception regarding information pollution and determined the factors that lead to perceived infollution. In the case of this study, a four-dimensional scale of perceived infollution is presented. In addition, this study quantified information pollution in contrast to using the measurement tools of information quality. Design/methodology/approach A sequential exploratory mixed-method design was used to validate the measurement scale. The population of the present study comprised of the employees who work in the operations and credit department of banking sector. In this study, a four-dimensional second-order scale of perceived information pollution with a total of 19 items or sub-dimensions managed to be developed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings The measurement scale confirmed that perceived information pollution in the context of workplace environment consisted of four dimensions, namely, intrinsic PIP, accessible PIP, contextual PIP and representational PIP where PIP stands for Perceived Information Pollution. Research limitations/implications Management may use the four dimensions as a benchmark in revealing polluted information as well as enhancing information quality through information processing. Originality/value This is the first attempt of exploring the dimensions and validating the measurement scale of perceived infollution.

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Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Procrastination Scale in Chinese

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000675 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haoran Li ◽

Wen Luo ◽

Juzhe Xi ◽

Yanan Peng

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Tailored Interventions ◽

Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Five Dimension ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Acceptable Reliability

Abstract. Procrastination is a complicated phenomenon with many thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that may characterize different subgroups of procrastinators. Such phenomenon has not been well studied in an integrated theoretical framework. This study aims to establish a theory about the behavioral, cognitive, and affective aspects of procrastination and to develop and validate an operational instrument. In Study 1, we conducted qualitative research based on grounded theories and generated seven initial categories with 22 themes associated with the components in procrastination. In Study 2, we developed an instrument, the Multidimensional Procrastination Scale (MPS), and established a five-dimension structure for the MPS using explanatory factor analysis (EFA; N = 435) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 387). In Study 3, we established construct validity and predictive validity for the MPS by building a nomological framework and predicting behavioral procrastination, respectively. The theoretical framework of procrastination included maladaptive (i.e., impulsive and unorganized, hesitation, lack of incentives, avoidance) and adaptive (i.e., arousal and rationalization) components. The MPS demonstrated acceptable reliability, factorial validity, construct validity, and predictive validity. The findings of this study have implications for further studies on the typology of procrastination and the development of tailored interventions to alleviate maladaptive aspects of procrastination.

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Dospert Scale with Chinese University Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/09.03.pr0.114k15w2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joseph Wu ◽

Hoi Yan Cheung

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Factor Model ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The factor structure of the 30-item Domain Specific Risk Taking Attitude (DOSPERT) scale (Blais & Weber, 2006) was examined with a convenience sample of 205 Chinese undergraduate students from Macao. A comparison of five competing models via confirmatory factor analysis yielded empirical support for the perspective that risk-taking attitude was content-dependent. After removing the items in the Financial subscale of the DOSPERT scale and some post hoc modifications, a reasonably good fit to the four-correlated-factor model was achieved, in concordance with the theoretical framework. However, items in some scales needed further revision to purify their factor structure so that the DOSPERT scale would be a more psychometrically sound measure for investigating one's risk-taking attitudes in different life domains.

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Design and psychometric evaluation of schools’ resilience tool in Emergencies and disasters: A mixed-method

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0253906

Author(s):

Samaneh Mirzaei ◽

Leila Mohammadinia ◽

KHadijeh Nasiriani ◽

Abbas Ali Dehghani Tafti ◽

Zohreh Rahaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Second Phase ◽

Item Questionnaire ◽

Educational Role ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Secure Environment ◽

The Impact

Background In addition to their educational role, resilient schools have a good capacity in response to disasters. Due to the large student population, the schools can be a safe and secure environment during disasters, in addition to maintaining their performance after. Given the role and importance of the schools, the impact of culture and environment on resilience, without any indigenous and comprehensive tool for measuring the resilience in Iran, the study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate the measurement tools. Method This study was conducted using a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach. The research was conducted in two main phases of production on items based on hybrid model and the psychometric evaluation of the tool. The second phase included validity (formal, content and construction) and reliability (multiplex internal similarity, consistency and reliability). Result The integration of systematic and qualitative steps resulted in entering 91 items into the pool of items. After formal and content validity, 73 items remained and 44 were omitted in exploratory factor analysis. A questionnaire with 5 factors explained 52.08% of total variance. Finally, after the confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire was extracted with 29 questions and 5 factors including "functional", "architectural", "equipment", "education" and "safety". Internal similarity and stability in all factors were evaluated as good. Conclusion The result showed that the 29-item questionnaire of school resilience in emergencies and disasters is valid and reliable, that can be used to evaluate school resilience. On the other hand, the questionnaire on assessment of school resilience in disasters enables intervention to improve its capacity.

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Development of scales for barriers to participation and preference factors in the use of recreation sitesRekreasyon alanı kullanımına ilişkin katılım engelleri ve tercih etkenleri ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesi

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v14i1.4448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 865 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hüseyin Gümüş ◽

Sema Alay Özgül

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Barriers To Participation ◽

Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Natural Movement ◽

Day By Day

Recreation sites have lately been becoming popular owing to advancement of modern technology and modern urbanization. Decrease in natural movement patterns of humans, busy work schedules and health problems caused by these factors have made recreation sites more important day by day. The current study was undertaken to develop reliable and valid Likert type scales that would explore factors that prevent inhabitants from participating in recreation sites and that affect their preferences in choosing recreation sites built by municipalities. The scales were administered to a total of 580 subjects; 320 subjects were used for Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) while 260 subjects were used for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) [18-55 age (=28.34, sd=9.90), 55.7% (323) female subjects]. As a result of EFA, it was identified that both scales were clustered under five subscales and their total variance explanation ratio was 56.35% for preferences for recreation sites while it was 71.23% for barriers to participation in recreation sites. Goodness of fit was proved to be enough for CFA accomplished for the scales following EFA and therefore it was possible to argue that the model was statistically significant. Correlations between dimensions were calculated through Spearman-Brown correlation coefficients. Although there were significant correlations between dimensions; their values were found to be lower and moderate. Correlation values indicated that subscales that were clustered under EFA and CFA presented different constructs. Through correlation values obtained; it might be suggested that construct validity of both scales was at a sufficient level. ÖzetRekreasyon alanları, modern teknolojinin gelişmesine ve kentleşmeye bağlı olarak son yıllarda adından sıklıkla söz ettirir hale gelmiştir. İnsanoğlunun doğal hareketlerinde meydana gelen azalmalar, yoğun çalışma saatleri ve bunların beraberinde getirdiği sağlık sorunları, rekreasyon alanlarının her geçen gün önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada belediyeler tarafından yaptırılan rekreasyon alanı tercihinde etkili olan ve rekreasyon alanlarına katılımı engelleyen faktörlere ilişkin likert tipi geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 320, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için 260 olmak üzere toplam 580 [18-55 yaş ( =28.34, ss=9.90), %55.7 (323)’si kadın] bireye uygulanmıştır. Yapılan AFA neticesinde her iki ölçeğin de 5 boyut altında toplandığı ve toplam varyans açıklama oranının rekreasyon alanı tercih etkenlerinde % 56.35, rekreasyon alanı katılım engellerinde ise %71.23 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölçeklere ilişkin AFA sonrası yapılan DFA için uyum iyiliği değerlerinin yeterli olduğunu, dolayısıyla modelin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir model olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Boyutlar arası korelasyon Spearman-Brown korelasyon katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Her ne kadar boyutlar arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar olsa da değer olarak düşük ve orta düzeyde oldukları görülmektedir. Korelasyon değerleri AFA ve DFA’da ortaya çıkan alt boyutların ayrı birer yapı oluşturduğu sonucunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen korelasyon değerleri her iki ölçeğin yapı geçerliğinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu şeklinde yorumlanabilir.

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Development and psychometric properties of the Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI): A mixed-method study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0252473

Author(s):

Tayyebeh Ali-Abadi ◽

Abbas Ebadi ◽

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Mohsen Soleimani ◽

Ali Asghar Ghods

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Nursing Student ◽

Academic Resilience ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Qualitative Phase

Introduction Resilience has been proposed as a suitable solution to better deal with nursing students in cases of challenges but the complex and multidimensional nature of resilience has made its measurement challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate a new inventory theory-driven labeled Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory. Methods This study was performed with an exploratory sequential mixed-method design. In the qualitative phase of the study, individual interviews were conducted by including 15 participants to elicit the concept of resilience through purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, psychometric analysis of the extracted items was performed using face, content, and construct validities (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) on a sample size of 405 nursing students. Besides, reliability has been tested using internal consistency and test-retest methods. According to the COSMIN standards, beside two important indicators of validity and reliability, responsiveness and interpretability were also considered. Results A 6-factor structure (optimism, communication, self-esteem/evaluation, self-awareness, trustworthiness, and self-regulation) with 24 items were extracted in terms of the derived categories from the qualitative phase. In confirmatory factor analysis, the χ2/df ratio was calculated as 2.11 for the NSARI six-factor structure. Suitable values were obtained for the goodness of fit indices (CFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.885, IFI = 0.906, PCFI = 0.767, and RMSEA = 0.053). In the second-order factor analysis, AVE = 0.70 indicated the existence of both convergent and divergent validities. The Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients were investigated as (0.66–0.78) and (0.66–0.80), respectively. The AIC was between 0.33 and 0.45 for all factors, which is an acceptable rate. Additionally, an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was obtained as .903 for the whole instrument (CI .846- .946, P <0.0001). Conclusion Multidimensional nature of resilience was supported through exploring its 6-factor structures in the nursing students’ field. This tool also showed an acceptable validity and reliability for measuring resilience in the population of nursing students.

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Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale: A Mixed Method Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65508/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghaffari ◽

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Forouzan Elyasi ◽

Zohre Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Mixed Method Study ◽

Fear Of Childbirth ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Composite Reliability

Abstract Background: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the health of fathers as well as their families. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers' fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures. Results: The primary version of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70. Conclusion: The Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals.

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Five Factor Model in Iranian Culture: A Psychometrics Analysis of NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI)

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0104.028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Manoochehr Azkhosh ◽

Ali Asgari

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Neo Five Factor Inventory

This study aimed to investigate the construct validity and factor structure of NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) in Iranian population. Participants were 1639 (780 male, 859 female) Tehran people aged 15-71. The results of explanatory factor analysis showed no notable differences between the factor structures extracted by oblique and orthogonal rotations and didn’t replicate the scoring key. The Openness and Agreeableness had more psychometric problems (low internal consistency and high deleted items). The female’s NEO-FFI factor structure (with 41 items of 60 loaded on intended factors)was clearer than males’ (with 37 items). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the male’s latent modeling of the 31-item but failed to fit the female’s model. The women scored significantly higher in the Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness than men who scored significantly higher in the Extraversion. As previous findings, the current results showed the NEO-FFI’s cultural limitations assessing the universality of the Five Factor Model.

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The Turkish Adaptation of the Diabetes Fatalism Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/jnm-d-21-00032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. JNM-D-21-00032

Author(s):

Emine Kaplan Serin ◽

Seyhan Çitlik Saritaş

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

High Reliability ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Reliability Study ◽

Explanatory Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Background and PurposeThis study was carried out as a validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Diabetes Fatalism Scale (DFS) and to investigate its psychometric properties in the Turkish society with type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsExploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the scale’s factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to validate the “best fit” model.ResultsThe explanatory factor analysis and CFA results confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale. The Cronbach’s α, item-total correlation and test—retest analyses showed high reliability.ConclusionsThe results showed that DFS is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating fatalism in diabetic patients from a Turkish population.

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Are Future Professionals Willing to Implement Service Robots? Attitudes of Hospitality and Tourism Students towards Service Robotization

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9091442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milan Ivkov ◽

Ivana Blešić ◽

Branislav Dudić ◽

Gabriela Pajtinková Bartáková ◽

Zdenka Dudić

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Service Robots ◽

Future Research ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Dimensional Solution ◽

Improve Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Hospitality And Tourism ◽

Hotel Managers ◽

Two Stages

This paper aims to examine attitudes of hospitality and tourism students, as future professionals, towards willingness to implement service robots. The study proposes a new theoretical conceptual model that includes new constructs and items, differentiating it from the others. The model was formed based on the extensive literature review and the interview with an eight-member focus group (hotel managers and academic researchers). Data collection was performed in two stages, pilot research based on 82 respondents and the main study, with the final number of respondents being 236. The initial results of the exploratory factor analysis were further tested using the confirmatory factor analysis. After the exclusion of several items due to low factor loadings and in order to improve model validity, analyses further suggested a nine-dimensional solution with 45 items. The study findings reveal a positive relationship between seven constructs and students’ willingness to implement service robots, with the expected business outcome being the most influencing one. On the other hand, positive relation was not found for empathy and social influence constructs. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed in the paper. In conclusion, study limitations and future research suggestions are provided.

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